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∫ (3 x + 2 x + k ) dx = 0
2
1. (d) We have,
0
Symmetry We observe that (1, 2) ∈R but (2, 1) ∉ R.
⇒ [ x 3 + x 2 + kx ] 0 = 0
1
So, R is not symmetric relation.
⇒ (1 + 1 + k ) − 0 = 0 Transitivity We observe that (1, 2) ∈ R and (2, 4) ∈ R but
⇒ k = −2 (1, 4) ∉ R.
200 50 So, R is not a transitive relation.
2. (d) We have, A =
10 2 So, R is neither reflexive nor symmetric and nor transitive.
| A| = 400 − 500 = − 100 7. (c) We know that
50 40 π π
and B= tan −1 x ∈ − , and cos −1 x ∈ [0, π ]
2 3 2 2
| B| = 150 − 80 = 70 π π
So, tan −1(− 3 ) = tan −1 tan − = −
3 3
∴ | AB| = | A| ⋅| B| = − 100 × 70 = − 7000
1 π
3. (a) As we know that an equivalence relation R defined on and cos −1 − = cos −1 cos π −
2 3
a set A partitions the set A into pairwise disjoint subsets
and collection of all equivalence classes form a partition π 2π
=π− =
of set A. 3 3
∴ A1 ∪ A 2 ∪ A 3 = A and A1 ∩ A 2 ∩ A 3 = φ → →
8. (a) Let a = i$ + 2 $j + 3k$, then| a| = 1 + 4 + 9 = 14
1 → →
4. (d) Area of ∆OAB = | OA × OB| Now, l =
1
=
1
,m =
2
=
2
and n =
3
=
3
2 → → →
| a| 14 | a| 14 | a| 14
1 $
= |(2 i − 3 $j + 2 k$ ) × (2 i$ + 3 $j + k$ )| 1 2 3
2 Thus, direction cosines are , and .
i$ $j k$ 14 14 14
1
= 2 −3 2 9. (a) If a set has n elements, then number of reflexive
2
relations in the set is 2 n( n − 1) .
2 3 1
1 $ ∴Required number of reflexive relations that are possible
= | i (−3 − 6) − $j (2 − 4) + k$ (6 + 6)| in the set A
2
1 = 2 3( 3 − 1) [Qn( A) = 3 ]
= | − 9i$ + 2 $j + 12 k$ | =2 3× 2
= 2 = 64
6
2
∴ Area of ∆OAB =
1
81 + 4 + 144 =
1
229
10. (a) Since,2 i + λj − 4k$ and2 i$ − $j + k$ are perpendicular
$ $
2 2 ∴ (2 i$ + λ$j − 4k$ ) ⋅ (2 i$ − $j + k$ ) = 0
5. (b) Here, l = m = n, therefore required equation of line is ⇒ 4− λ − 4= 0
x + 3 y −2 z + 4 ⇒ λ=0
= =
l l l 1 0
11. (a) We have, A =
⇒ x + 3 = y −2 = z + 4 1 1
1 0 1 0
6. (d) R = {( x, y ) : y = 2 x}, where x, y ∈ {1 2, 3, 4} Now, A2 = A × A =
1 1 1 1
∴ R = {(1, 2), (2, 4)}
1 0 ∴ f (− x ) = (− x )2 sin(− x )
A2 =
2 1 = − x 2 sin x [Q sin(− x ) = − sin x]
1 0 1 0 = − f( x)
A3 = A2 ⋅ A =
2 1 1 1 So, f ( x ) is an odd function
1 0
A3 =
π /2
a
3 1 ∴ ∫x sin x dx = 0 Q ∫ f ( x ) dx = 0, if f ( x ) is odd
2
−π / 2 − a
12. (c) We have, x = t 2 and y = t 3
dx dy 18. (c) On differentiating the relationship directly with respect
⇒ = 2t and = 3t 2 to x, we get
dt dt
dy d d
dy dy / dt 3 t 2 3 + (sin y ) = (cos x )
∴ = = = t dx dx dx
dx dx / dt 2t 2
[by chain rule of derivative]
d 2 y d dy d 3 3 dt
Now, = = t = dy dy
dx 2 dx dx dx 2 2 dx + cos y ⋅ = − sin x
dx dx
3 1 dt 1 dy sin x
= × Q dx = dx / dt This gives =−
2 2t dx 1 + cos y
3
= where, y ≠ (2 n + 1)π
4t
19. (c) Assertion It is given that f : R * → R * is defined by
13. (a) Let I = ∫ e x (1 − cot x + cos ec 2 x ) dx 1
f( x) =
I = ∫ e (1 − cot x ) dx + x
∫e
x x 2
cos ec x dx
II I
For one-one, f ( x ) = f ( y )
= (1 − cot x )e x − ∫ e x (cos ec 2 x ) dx 1 1
⇒ = ⇒ x=y
+ ∫e cosec 2 x dx x y
x
Therefore, f is one-one.
= (1 − cot x )e x + C
For onto, it is clear that for y ∈ R *, there exists
14. (c) For the given differential equation to be 1
x = ∈ R * (exists as y ≠ 0) such that
homogeneous, degree of ( x 3 − y n ) and ( x 2 y + xy 2 ) must y
be same and also degree of x 3 and y n must be same. 1
f( x) = =y
∴ n=3 1
y
1 1
= ∫ ( x n − x n + 1 ) dx
4
x + y = 4 and xy = 4 ⇒ y = 0
x 1
4 xn + 1 xn + 2
∴ x + = 4 ⇒ x 2 + 4 = 4x = −
x n + 1 n + 2 0
⇒ x 2 − 4x + 4 = 0 1 1
= − −0
− (− 4) ± (− 4) − 4(1)(4)
2 n + 1 n + 2
⇒ x=
2(1) (n + 2 ) − (n + 1) 1
= =
4 ± 16 − 16 4 (n + 1) (n + 2 ) (n + 1)(n + 2 ) (1)
⇒ x= = =2
2 2 23. We have, A2 = 2 A
∴ y =4− x = 4−2 =2
⇒ A ⋅ A = 2 A ⇒ | A ⋅ A| = | 2 A|
Hence, Assertion is true. Also, given Reason is true and it
⇒ | A| ⋅| A| = 2 3 | A|
is the correct explanation of the Assetion.
[Q| AB | = | A|| B | and| kA| = k n| A|] (1)
21. Given, y = A cos x − B sin x …(i)
⇒ | A|2 = 8| A|
Here, order of the given differential equation is 2. So, we
⇒ | A|2 − 8| A| = 0
differentiate the Eq. (i) two times.
⇒ | A|(| A| − 8) = 0
On differentiating both sides of Eq. (i) w.r.t. x two times,
we get ⇒ | A| = 0 or 8 (1)
dy Or
= − A sin x − B cos x
dx (1) 3 1
2
d y We have, A =
⇒ = − A cos x + B sin x − 1 2
dx 2
d 2y 3 1 3 1
⇒ = − ( A cos x − B sin x ) ∴ A2 = AA =
dx 2 − 1 2 − 1 2
d 2y
⇒ =−y [from Eq. (i)] 9−1 3+ 2
dx 2 =
2
d y − 3 − 2 − 1 + 4
⇒ + y = 0,
dx 2 8 5
= (1/2)
which is the given differential equation. − 5 3
Hence, y = A cos x − B sin x is a solution of given
3 1 − 15 − 5
− 5A = − 5 = − 10
differential equation. (1)
2 − 1 2 5
1 sec x
22. Let I = ∫ dx = ∫ dx 1 0 7 0
cos 2 x (1 − tan x )2 (1 − tan x )2 and 7I = 7 =
0 1 0 7
Now, put (1 − tan x ) = t
8 5 − 15 − 5 7 0
⇒ − sec 2 x dx = dt ∴ A2 − 5 A + 7 I = + +
− 5 3 5 − 10 0 7
⇒ sec 2 x dx = − dt (1)
0 0
dt 1 = =O
∴ I = − ∫ 2 = +C 0 0 (1/2)
t t
1 Hence, the matrix A satisfies A − 5 A + 7 I = O.
2
= +C (1)
1 − tan x Now, A2 − 5 A + 7 I = 0 ⇒ A2 − 5 A = − 7 I
Or ⇒ A − 1 ( A 2 − 5 A) = A − 1 ( − 7 I )
1 1 ⇒ A− 1 A2 − 5 A− 1 A = − 7( A− 1I )
Let I = ∫ x(1 − x )ndx = ∫ (1 − x ) (1 − (1 − x ))ndx
0 0
⇒ A − 5I = − 7 A− 1
1 1
a a
⇒ A− 1 = − ( A − 5I ) = (5I − A)
Q ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f (a − x )dx 7 7
0 0
1 5 0 3 1 1 2 − 1
= − =
7 0 5 − 1 2 7 1 3
1
= ∫ (1 − x )x ndx (1)
0 (1)
1
24. It is given that the function f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0. ∫− dx − 1 1
∴ IF = e x
= e − log x = e log( x ) = ( x )− 1 = (1)
x
∴ lim f ( x ) = f (0 ) 1 1
x ∫
x→ 0 The solution is y × = 2 x × dx + C
x
1 − cos kx 1
⇒ lim = y
x ∫
x→ 0 x sin x 2 ⇒ = 2dx + C
kx y
2 sin 2 ⇒ = 2x + C
2 1 x
⇒ lim =
x→ 0 x sin x 2 ⇒ y = 2 x 2 + Cx (1)
2 kx 27. We have, f ( x ) = [ x ] , 0 < x < 2
2 sin
2
x2 ∴LHL(at x = 1) = lim− f ( x )
x→1
1
⇒ lim = = lim− [ x ]
x→ 0 x sin x 2 x→1
x 2
(1) = lim [1 − h ]
2 h→ 0
kx
= lim 0 = 0 (1)
sin k 2 h→ 0
2 2 ⋅
kx 2 RHL (at x = 1) = lim+ f ( x )
2 1 x→1
⇒ lim =
x→ 0 sin x 2 = lim+ ( x )
x x→1
[Q distance = ( ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2 + ( z2 − z1 )2 )]
= 16 + 36 + 144 = 196 = 14 units
l2
Q
Equation of line PQ of shortest distance is On solving x + 2 y = 100 and 2 x − y = 0, we get
x − 5 y −7 z−3 x = 20, y = 40
= =
9 − 5 13 − 7 15 − 3 On solving 2 x − y = 0 and 2 x + y = 200, we get
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 x = 50 and y = 100
Q x − x = y − y = z − z
2 1 2 1 2 1 On solving x + 2 y = 100 and 2 x + y = 200, we get
x − 5 y −7 z − 3 x = 100 and y = 0
∴ = =
4 6 12 Y
x − 5 y −7 z − 3
Hence, = = is the required equation of 200 B (0, 200)
2 3 6 180
the line which gives shortest distance. (1) 160 2x+y=200
→ → →
33. Given,| a| = 3,| b| = 4,|c | = 5 …(i) 140
→ → → 120 2x–y=0
Also, given that each of the vectors a, b and c are
perpendicular to sum of the other two vectors. 100 C (50, 100)
→ → → 80
i.e. a ⊥ (b + c )
60
→ → →
⇒ a ⋅ (b + c ) = 0 A (0, 50)
40
→ → → → D
⇒ a⋅ b + a ⋅ c = 0 x
…(ii) 20 (20, 40) +2y=100
→ → → O
Also, b ⊥ (c + a) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
X
→ → →
⇒ b ⋅ (c + a) = 0 (1)
→ → → →
⇒ b⋅c + b⋅ a = 0 …(iii) (1) From the graph, it is clear that the coordinates of the
→ → → corner points of feasible region are (0, 50 ), (0, 200 ),
and c ⊥ ( a + b) (50, 100 ) and (20, 40 ).
→ → →
⇒ c ⋅ ( a + b) = 0
Corner points Value of Z = x + 2 y
→ → → →
⇒ c⋅a+c⋅b=0 …(iv) A(0, 50 ) 100
[Q when two vectors are perpendicular, B(0, 200 ) 400 ← (Maximum)
then their dot product is zero] (1)
C(50, 100 ) 250
Now, adding Eqs. (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
→ → → → → → D(20, 40 ) 100
2 ( a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a) = 0
→ → → → → → ∴Z is maximum at(0, 200 ). (2)
⇒ a ⋅ b + b⋅c + c ⋅ a = 0 …(v)
→ → → → → → → → → → → → Or
[Q a ⋅ b = b ⋅ a, b ⋅ c = c ⋅ b and c ⋅ a = a ⋅ c ] (1)
Now, consider (i) Corner points Z = 3 x − 4y
→ → → → → → → → → → → →
(a + b + c ) ⋅ (a + b + c ) = a ⋅ a + a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c O(0, 0 ) 0
→ → → → →
+ b⋅ a + b⋅ b + b⋅c + c ⋅ a + c ⋅ b + c ⋅c
→ → → → → → → A(0, 8) − 32 ← (Minimum)
→ → → 2
⇒| a + b + c| = | a| + | b| + |c|
→ 2 → 2 → 2 B(4, 10 ) − 28
→ → → → → → → → → 2 C(6, 8) − 14
+ 2( a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a) [Q a ⋅ a =| a| ]
→ → → 2 D(6, 5) −2
⇒| a + b + c| = (3)2 + (4)2 + (5)2 + 2(0 )
[from Eqs. (i) and (v)] E(4, 0 ) 12 ← (Maximum)
= 9 + 16 + 25 = 50 ∴Z is maximum at (4, 0 ) and minimum at (0, 8).
→ → →
Hence,| a + b + c| = 50 = 25 × 2 = 5 2 (2) Also, Zmax = 12 and Zmin = − 32 (2)
(ii) Since, maximum value of Z occurs at B(4, 10 ) and
34. We have, Maximize Z = x + 2 y
C(6, 8).
Subject to constraints x + 2 y ≥ 100
∴ 4 p + 10 q = 6 p + 8 q
2x − y ≤ 0 ⇒ 2q = 2 p
2 x + y ≤ 200 ⇒ p=q
x, y ≥ 0 (2) Number of optimal solutions are infinite. (3)
1 2 0 2 + 4 + 0 2 − 2 + 0 − 4 + 4 + 0
35. We have, A = − 2 − 1 − 2
...(i) = 4 − 12 + 8 4 + 6 − 4 − 8 − 12 + 20
0 − 1 1 0 − 4 + 4 0 + 2 − 2 0 − 4 + 10
∴ A = 1 (− 3) − 2 (−2 ) + 0 = 1 ≠ 0 (1) 6 0 0
= 0 6 0 = 6I
Hence, A is non-singular and so its inverse exists.
0 0 6
Now, A11 = − 3, A12 = 2, A13 = 2,
A21 = − 2, A22 = 1, A23 = 1, A31 = − 4, A32 = 2 and A33 = 3 1 1
⇒ A B = I ⇒ A−1 A B = A−1I
T 6 6
− 3 2 2 − 3 − 2 − 4
adj ( A) = − 2 1 1 = 2 2
1
∴ 1 ⇒ A− 1 = B (1)
6
− 4 2 3 2 1 3
2 2 − 4
− 3 − 2 − 4 1
adj A 1 ⇒ A−1 = − 4 2 − 4
∴ A−1 = = 2 1 2 6
| A| 1 2 − 1 5
2 1 3 (1)
The given system of equations can be written in matrix
− 3 − 2 − 4 1 − 1 0 x 3
⇒ A− 1 = 2 1 2 ...(ii) form as, 2 3 4 y = 17 or AX = D,
2 1 3 0 1 2 z 7
Also, we have the system of linear equations as
1 − 1 0 x 3
x − 2 y = 10 , where A = 2 3 4,X = y and D = 17
2x − y − z = 8 (1/2) 0 1 2 z 7 (1/2)
and − 2y + z = 7 −1
⇒ X=A D
This system of equations can be written as CX = D,
2 2 − 4 3
1 − 2 0 x 10 1
= − 4 2 − 4 17
where C = 2 − 1 − 1, X = y and D = 8 6
2 − 1 5 7
0 − 2 1 z 7
6 + 34 − 28
We know that ( AT )− 1 = ( A− 1 )T 1
= − 12 + 34 − 28 (2)
6
1 2 0 6 − 17 + 35
∴ CT = − 2 − 1 − 2 = A [using Eq. (i)]
12 2
0 − 1 1 1
= − 6 = −1
6
∴ X = C − 1 D ⇒ X = ( A−1 )T D 24 4
x − 3 2 2 10
y = − 2 1 1 8 ∴ x = 2, y = − 1 and z = 4 (1)
⇒ (1/2)
z − 4 2 3 7 When finding the adjoint of matrix,
Common many students forget to change the
− 30 + 16 + 14 0 Mistake sign of matrix.
= − 20 + 8 + 7 = − 5
− 40 + 16 + 21 − 3
36. (i)
∴ x = 0, y = − 5 and z = − 3 (2) F
D C
Or
We have,
1 − 1 0 2 2 − 4 O H
A = 2 3 4 and B = − 4 2 − 4
a
0 1 2 2 − 1 5 A E B
1 − 1 0 2 2 − 4
AB = 2 3 4 − 4 2 − 4
R
∴ (1/2)
0 1 2 2 − 1 5 We have, EF = H
1 1 Or
∴ OE = EF = H
2 2 P( X ≥ 1) = P( X = 1) + P( X = 2 )
Now, in ∆AOE,
= 4 C − 10 C 2 + 5 C − 1
OA2 = OE 2 + AE 2
1 1
2 = 9 C − 10 C 2 − 1 = 9 − 10 − 1
H 3 9
⇒ a2 = + R 2
2
1
H2 Q C = 3
⇒ R + 2
= a2
4 (1) 10 10 8
= 3 − 1− =2 − =
(ii) Now, volume of cylinder, V = π( AE )2(EF ) 9 9 9
= πR 2H 1 1
P ( X = 2) = 5C − 1 = 5 − 1 Q C = 3
H2 3
= π a2 − H 5 2
4 = − 1=
3 3 (2)
H3
= π a2H − 38. (i) Let E1, E2, E3, E4 be the events that the doctor comes
4 (1)
by train, bus, scooter and other means of transport
H3
(iii) We have, V = π a2H − respectively. It is given that
4 3 1 1 2
P(E1 ) = , P(E2 ) = , P(E3 ) = , P(E4 ) =
dV 3H 2 10 5 10 5
∴ = π a2 −
dH 4 Let A denote the event that the doctor visits the patient
dV late. It is given that
For maximum, =0
dH (1) A 1 A 1 A 1 A
P = , P = , P = , P = 0
3H 2 3H 2 2 E1 4 E2 3 E3 12 E4 (1)
⇒ π a2 − =0 ⇒ = a2 ⇒ H = a
4 4 3 Now, required probability = P (E1 ∩ A)
d V 2
− 6H 6 2 A
Also, = π =− π× a<0 = P( A ∩ E1 )= P(E1 ) P
d H2 4 4 3 E1
2 3 1 3
So, V is maximum at H = a = × =
3 (1) 10 4 40 (1)
Or (ii) The probability that he is late is given by
4
A
We have, P( A) = ∑ P(Ei ) P
H2 1 4 2 i=1 Ei
R 2 = a2 − = a2 − × a2 = a2
4 4 3 3 A A A
2 = P(E1 ) P + P(E2 ) P + P(E3 ) P
∴ R= a E1 E2 E3
3
A
Maximum value of V = πR 2H + P(E4 ) P
2 2 4 E4
= π × a2 × a= πa3
3 3 3 3 (2) 3 1 1 1 1 1 2
= × + × + × + ×0
10 4 5 3 10 12 5
37. (i) P(0 ≤ X < 2 ) = P( X = 0 ) + P( X = 1)
3 1 1
= 3 C 3 + 4 C − 10 C 2 (1) = + + +0
40 15 120
(ii) P( X ≥ 0 ) = P( X = 0 ) + P ( X = 1) + P( X = 2 ) 9 + 8 + 1 18 3
= = =
=1 [QΣP( X ) = 1] (1) 120 120 20 (1)
(iii) We know that and the probability that he come by scooter given that
ΣP( X ) = 1 he is late is given by
⇒ 3 C + 4 C − 10 C + 5 C − 1 = 1
3 2
A
P(E3 ) P 1 1
⇒ 3 C 3 − 10C 2 + 9 C − 2 = 0 ×
E3 E3 10 12
P = =
⇒ (3 C − 1)(C 2 − 3 C + 2 ) = 0 A P( A) 3
1 20
⇒ C=
3 1 20 1
= × =
[Q C 2 − 3 C + 2 > 0, ∀C ∈ R] (2) 120 3 18 (1)