Möbius transformations

Outline
1. Introduction
Definition
Recall Circle in Riemann Sphere
Example
Example

…
Proof
Continue
Example
Definiton

≠
Some remarks for and

≠
Theorm
By previous example
Corollary
+

+
Example when ad-bc = 0
Theorem
2. Transitivity Properties
Properties
+

+
Continue
Definition
Theorem
+
C
Continue
Example(show the action is not uniquely transitive)
Theorm
+
D
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3. Transformation
Definition
Definition
proof
Conjugate a Möbius transformations into a
standard form
Continue
Example
Find the Möbius transformation p conjugating m to its standard form when
Case on two fixed points
Example
Continue
Example
Example
4. Reflection
Complex Conjugation
+
Definition

+
≥
Theorem

+
Theorem
Reflection
Example

∞
Proposition
Every element of can be expressed as the composition of reflections in finitely many
circles in .

+ +
Note that is generated by and and as is generated by
and we only have to verify the proposition for
, and .
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Theorem
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Continue
5. Conformality of elements
Definition
Definition

A homeomorphism of that preserves the absolute value of the angle between curves
is said to be conformal.

One major fact is that the elements of are conformal.

Theorem

let and be two Euclidean lines in that intersect at a point ,

let be a point on such that , and let be the slope of .

Hence,

Let be the angle that makes with the real axis ,

Then, and

+ +
Note that is generated by and and as is generated by
and we only have to verify the proposition for
, and .
Continue
Continue
Continue
6. Preserving H and transitivity properties
Definition
Theorem

That is:
1) The elements of preserve angles between circles in
2) Every hyperbolic line in is the intersection of with a circle in perpendicular to
3) Every element of takes circles in to circles in .
Definition
Recall: Theorem
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Continue
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Theorem
Continue
Continue
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Continue
Theorem
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Theorem
Proposition
Reflection in a circle in is well defined.

Let , let .

For ,

For ,

Let be a circle in , let , , both taking to .

Then, takes to , thus for some element of .
In particular, . Write .

Therefore, Reflection in a circle in is well defined.

Recall: Lemma
Proposition
Definition
a hyperbolic line in .

Open half-plane in : a component of the complement of .

Closed half-plane in : the union of with one of the open half- planes determined by .

Half-plane in : either open half-plane or closed half-plane in .

Recall: Lemma
Proposition
7. Conclusion
We have talked about the following topics:
8. Reference
Reference
Thank you very much!