17.10.

2023

MKT 3821
Design of Machine Elements

STIFFNESS & FATIGUE FAILURE

by
Haydar Livatyalı
Yıldız Technical University
Fall 2023-2024

Most machines fail due to weak STIFFNESS

STIFFNESS (k): is the extent to which an object resists
deformation in response to an applied force. The
complementary concept is flexibility or pliability: the
more flexible an object is, the less stiff it is. It is a
function of material elasticity and part geometry.

ELASTICITY (E): is the ability of an object or material

to resume its normal shape after being stretched or
compressed; stretchiness. E = Stress/Strain

RIGIDITY: Inability to be to bent or be forced out of

shape. So, usually, it means bending stiffness.

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Long-Slender (Euler) Columns

Effective Lengths

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CYCLIC LOADING & FATIGUE FAILURE

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Fatigue Test

Moore’s
Rotational
Bending
Tester,
Test Specimen
& Loading
regime

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STRESS vs. LIFE

Life = Number of Load Cycles

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S-N (Woehler) Curve

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ENDURANCE LIMIT

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FATIGUE & SURFACE

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FATIGUE & SIZE

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FATIGUE & LOADING

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FATIGUE & TEMPERATURE

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FATIGUE & RELIABILITY

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MISCALLENEOUS FACTORS

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FATIGUE & STRESS CONCENTRATION

Fatigue Stress Concentration Factor:

Where Kt Theoretical Stress Concentration Factor

q notch sensitivity factor

Se=kakbkckdkekf(1/Kf)Se’

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q-Charts

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When the loading is NOT Fully Cyclic

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• For the fatigue factors some boks use «C» and some
books use «K».
• Size, temperature, reliability, surface and stress
concentration factors are take into account in this case.
• All other factors are assumed to be 1,0.

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