10/19/23, 12:51 AM AM Modulation and Analysis

You:

An AM signal has a peak to peak unmodulated carrier voltage is 200V, voice signal range is 300Hz
to 3400Hz and a load resistance is 50Ω. The message is modulated critically. Determine the
following 1. Carrier Power 2. Power of Side bands 3. Draw the Spectrum of above specification
with all components 4.Total power for AM 5.Transmission Bandwidth & Efficiency 6.Select the
suitable AM modulation technique for defence and entertainment application and justify your
answers

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ChatGPT:

Let's break down each of the questions step by step:

1. Carrier Power: The carrier power in an AM signal can be calculated using the formula:
𝑉2𝑐
𝑃𝑐 = Pc​= 2RVc2​​
2𝑅

Where:

𝑃𝑐 Pc​is the carrier power.

𝑉𝑐 Vc​is the peak-to-peak unmodulated carrier voltage (200V in this case).
𝑅R is the load resistance (50Ω).

Substituting the values:

(200𝑉)2 40000
𝑃𝑐 = 2 ∗ 50Ω
= 100
= 400𝑊Pc​= 2∗50Ω(200V )2​= 10040000​= 400W

So, the carrier power is 400 watts.

2. Power of Sidebands: The power in each sideband is equal and can be calculated using the
formula:
2
𝑉𝑚
𝑃𝑠 = 2𝑅
Ps​= 2RVm2​​

Where:

𝑃𝑠 Ps​is the power in each sideband.

𝑉𝑚 Vm​is the peak voltage of the modulating signal, which is the voice signal in this case.
𝑅R is the load resistance (50Ω).

3. Drawing the Spectrum: The spectrum of an AM signal consists of the carrier frequency, upper
sideband, and lower sideband. The carrier power is concentrated at the carrier frequency,
while the power in the sidebands is spread over the specified frequency range (300Hz to
3400Hz). The sidebands are symmetrically located around the carrier frequency. I can't draw
diagrams directly, but the spectrum would look like this:

lua
| | Carrier | |
| | Upper | |
| | Sideband | |
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10/19/23, 12:51 AM AM Modulation and Analysis

| |---------------------| |
| | Lower | |
| | Sideband | |
|--------------------------------------------|
300Hz 3400Hz

4. Total Power for AM: The total power for AM can be calculated by adding the carrier power to
the total power in the sidebands (upper and lower sidebands):

𝑃total = 𝑃𝑐 + 2𝑃𝑠 Ptotal​= Pc​+ 2Ps​

Substituting the values:

𝑉2𝑚
𝑃total = 400𝑊 + 2 ( )Ptotal​= 400W + 2 (2RVm2​​)
2𝑅

5. Transmission Bandwidth & Efficiency: The transmission bandwidth for an AM signal is equal
to twice the maximum frequency of the modulating signal. In this case, the maximum
frequency is 3400Hz, so the bandwidth is 2 * 3400Hz = 6800Hz or 6.8kHz.

Efficiency, in this context, can be calculated as the ratio of the power in the sidebands to the total
power:
2𝑃𝑠
Efficiency = 𝑃total
Efficiency = Ptotal​2Ps​​

6. Suitable AM Modulation Technique: For defense and entertainment applications, Single

Sideband (SSB) modulation is often preferred over conventional AM. SSB modulation has the
advantage of being more bandwidth-efficient as it only transmits one sideband (upper or
lower) and the carrier. This reduces the required bandwidth and allows for more efficient use
of the available frequency spectrum. SSB modulation also provides better signal-to-noise
ratio and is less susceptible to interference.

Justification:

In defense applications, efficient use of bandwidth is critical for military communication, radar,
and other purposes. SSB modulation conserves bandwidth and is well-suited for this
purpose.
In entertainment applications, such as broadcasting, SSB modulation can also be beneficial
in reducing interference and improving the overall quality of the transmitted signal.

However, it's important to note that SSB modulation requires precise carrier and sideband
frequency alignment at the receiver, which may necessitate more sophisticated equipment.
Additionally, SSB modulation is not well-suited for voice communication without the carrier, so it's
often used in conjunction with a carrier for such applications.

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