BM + C IV Steel Construction Handout-1

Course 2012/13 EIABC
Addis Ababa university

BM+C IV - building material and construction IV 2012/13
chair building construction
STEEL
CONSTRUCTION
contents
3-1 Introduction
3-2 Production and
Processing of steel
3-3 Properties & Functional
requirements of steel
3-4 Steel Section
3-5 Steel connection methods
3-6 Drainage
Introduction
Steel
is an alloy consisting mostly of iron, with a
carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by
weight.
Course 201
12/13 E
EIABC
Add
dis Ababa unive
ersity
BM+C IV - building materia
al and construction IV 2012/13
chair building cconstruction
Carbon and other elements

e act as a
hardenin ng agent, prreventing dis slocations in
the iron aatom crystal lattice from sliding past
one anotther.
Varying tthe amount of o alloying elements and d 3-2
2 Produc
ction & Pro
ocessing off steel
form of thheir presencce in the steeel controls
qualities such as the hardness, ductility
d and 3-2
2.1 Producttion
strength of the resultting steel.
Steel witth increased carbon conttent can be
made ha arder and stronger than wrought
w iron,
but is alsso less ductille (more britttle).
raaw materials L
Limestone
Coke
wrought iron: Carbon content 0.1– 0.25%,
0 low iron ore (carbon (
(impurities
strength supply) reduced)
Mild,structural steel: Carbon contennt0.2% – 1.5%

%, bllast Furnace
ductile
reemoving slag
Cast iron
n:Carbon conteent 3% – 4%, low
l melting po
oint,
brittle
pig iron
wrrought iron steel cast iron

3-2.2 Processing of steel
Rolling (Hot & Cold)
3-3 Proroperties & functional
Hot rolling - forcing steel though rollers while the steel requirements of steel
is hot .
Cold rolling- uses the same process as the hot rolling
but uses high pressure .
Extrusion or drawing
forcing steel through die

Fire protection of structural steelwork
Fires in buildings generally start from a small

source of ignition, the 'outbreak of fire', which
leads to the
'spread of fire' followed by a steady state during
which all combustible material burns steadily up
to a final 'decay stage'.
The materials used for fire protection of

structural
steelwork may be grouped as:
• Sprayed coatings
• Board casings
• Preformed casings
• Plaster and lath
• Concrete, brick or block casings
sprayed directly on to the clean, dry surface

of the steel. The material dries to form a
permanent, homogenous insulation that can
be applied to any steel profile.
• Plasterboard
Mineral fibre boards and batts

Mineral fibre boards and batts are made of
mineral fibres bound with calcium silicate or
cement. The surface of the boards and
batts, which is coarse textured, can be
plastered. These comparatively thick
boards are screwed to light steel framing
around the steel sections. Mineral fiber
batts are semi-rigid slabs which are fixed by
means of spot- welded pins
Board casings and lock washers. Mineral fiber boards are
moderately robust and are used where
There is a wide choice of systems based on appearance is not a prime consideration.
the use of various preformed boards that
are cut to size and fixed around steel
sections as a hollow, insulating fire protection. Vermiculite/gypsum boards
Board casings may be grouped in relation to Vermiculite/gypsum boards are manufactured
the materials that are used in the from exfoliated vermiculite and gypsum
manufacture of the boards that are used as: or non- combustible binders. The boards are
• Mineral fibre boards or batts cut to size and fixed around steelwork, either
• Vermiculite/gypsum boards
to timber noggins wedged inside the webs of

beams and columns or screwed together and
secured to steel angles or strips as illustrated in
Fig. 78.


3-4 Steel Section

Hollow rectangular and square sections
Hollow rectangular and square sections are

made from round tube which, after heating,
is passed through a series of rolls which
progressively change the shape of the tube
from a round to a square or rectangular
section. To provide different wall thick- nesses
the tube can be reduced by stretching. The
range of these sections is illustrated in Fig. 39.
These sections are ideal for use as columns as
the material is uniformly disposed around
the axis and the rectangular section
facilitates beam connections.
These hollow sections are used for lattice roof
trusses and frames for the economy in material,
particularly where the frame is exposed, and for the
neat appearance of these sections which with welded

connections have a more elegant appearance than
angle sections.
Cold rolled formed sections


3-5 Steel Connection Methods
There are three basic steel connections

I- Rivet
II- Bolt
III- Weld
i- Rivets

Bolt connections may fail for shear stress developed

by
two equal and opposite structural members it
connects.
They may fail for a single shear or double shear
depending on the number of members it connects.
The other failure is bearing failure which is caused A weld with a triangular cross section joining two
when a high strength bolt suffer load through weak surfaces that meet in an interior right angle
structural member.
ii- Butt weld
There are two types of weld.

i- Fillet weld
Used to join plates at their edges and the weld

metal fills the gap between them
3-6 Building system

3-6-1 steel structural frame





Skeleton frame and connections

Course 201
12/13 E
EIABC
Add
dis Ababa unive
ersity
B
Detail of seated beam
b to column
n web connecttion
She
ear connection
A
Detail of b
bolted beam to column flangee connection
Not a mom ment connectioon but a shear one because it
is not a rig
gid connection Detail of welded beam
b to column web connecction
Mom
ment connectio on,
Course 201
12/13 E
EIABC
Add
dis Ababa unive
ersity
Thee top flanges off the beam are

e cut away so tthat the
tops
s of the beams s and the girde
er are all level w
with one
ano
other,
C
Welded/boolted end platee beam connecction E
Could suppport short can
ntilever beam as
a shown at c. Colu
umn to column
n connection
The plate is welded to th
he beam in sho
op and bolted to
the column
D F
Detail of a coped beam--girder connecttion as shown at el base on concrete foundattion connection
Stee
D.
columns may be made through plates, angles

or tees welded to the columns. Standard beam
sections are bolted to tee section cleats
welded to columns and lattice beams by
bolting end plates welded to beams to
plates welded to columns, as illustrated in
Fig. 68.
Hollow rectangular sections
Beam to column connections
Bolted connections to closed box section

Columns may be made with long bolts
passing through the section. Long bolts are
expensive and difficult to use as they
necessitate raising beams on opposite sides of
the column at the same time in order to
position the bolts. Beam connections to
hollow rectangular and square section
3-6-2 Steel floor system
Precast Concrete floor on steel floor

structure

Cold rolled steel deck and concrete floor

Slim floor

I. Steel wall structural systems can be

categorizes as
a. Load bearing
b. non load bearing wall
a. Load bearing steel wall system
Densely spaced Axial loadbearing studs transferring
the load to foundation , combine to joists and
rafters
create a complete structural system for a building.
The studs needs to be horizontally and/or diagonally
braced for lateral load resistance.
3-6-3 Steel wall system

i. Wall structural system
ii. Wall cladding system
These members provide structural back-up for a

variety of
exterior finishes including masonry veneer, metal
cladding, stucco, synthetic veneers and exterior
insulation
and finish systems (EIFS). Interior finishes such as
gypsum drywall can be attached directly to the studs.
b. Non- loadbearing wall
The studs are flexural members used in exterior

wall systems. They are not designed to support axial
loads
other than self weight and weight of attached finishes.
Course 201
12/13 E
EIABC
Add
dis Ababa unive
ersity
iii. Steel wall cladding

c sys
stem
Steeel wall claddin
ng can be broa
adly grouped as:
Typ
pical liner panel dimensions
d
Single skin panels
Laminaated panels
Box paanels
Single skin panels

Course 201
12/13 E
EIABC
Add
dis Ababa unive
ersity
Laminate
ed panels
Course 201
12/13 E
EIABC
Add
dis Ababa unive
ersity
Box pane
els
6-4 Steel ro
3-6 oof system
Lonng span roofs ofo different sha
apes are possible due to
the light weight annd malleable property
p of ste
eel. The
stru
uctural principle
es are more orr less the samee as
wood roof systems but different on its method of

connection and the roof members used.
The structure is mostly of different types of truss
system
according to the span, the sections of material used
and the shape of the roof.
Course 201
12/13 E
EIABC
Add
dis Ababa unive
ersity
Smaller secction Steel Purrlin is used to

o connect the roof
r
cover with tthe truss syste
em. The purlinss are also helpful
to brace the
e truss system for lateral loadd.
Rooof coverings off sheet metal or

o panels are ffixed to
the purlin with washers bolts . Enough
E overlapps should
be given
g for coverring panels so as to make it water
tight. Proper care should be give en for details o
of ridges,
valle
eys, flashings and gutters joints.
Course 201
12/13 E
EIABC
Add
dis Ababa unive
ersity
Various sea
am configurations: (a) lapped pane
els; (b) flat seam; (c)
batten seam nding seam.
m; (d) vertical stan
Details of vvertical-rib roofing

g at non vented fixed ridge
S
Section through pa
arapet at high-sid
de wall.
Course 201
12/13 E
EIABC
Add
dis Ababa unive
ersity
Thhe organic insu

ulants most used as insulatio
on to steel
sheeting are exp panded polysttyrene in the form of
3-7 Insulation and corrosion treatment boaards, extruded polystyrene in the form of boards and
t of
o poly
yurethane and d isocyanuratee in the form of pre-
steel form
med rigid board ds.
Thhe cheapest materials
m used for insulation a
are
glas
ss fiber, rock wool
w and polys
styrene.
Insulatio
on
Four basic types of insulation used in metal buildings:

(a) Fiberglass with laminated facing; (b) foam boards;
(c) pre-insulated panels; (d) spray-on cellulose.
Bases of cold-formed wall studs supporting trusses in this early-vintage

pre-engineered building are completely corroded from repeated saltwater
entry.

BM + C IV Steel Construction Handout-1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

BM + C IV Steel Construction Handout-1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Course 2012/13 EIABC

Addis Ababa university

chair building construction

chair building construction

chair building construction

chair building cconstruction

Carbon and other elements

Mild,structural steel: Carbon contennt0.2% – 1.5%

wrrought iron steel cast iron

chair building construction

3-2.2 Processing of steel

Rolling (Hot & Cold)

3-3 Proroperties & functional

chair building construction

chair building construction

Fire protection of structural steelwork

Fires in buildings generally start from a small

The materials used for fire protection of

chair building construction

sprayed directly on to the clean, dry surface

chair building construction

Mineral fibre boards and batts

chair building construction

to timber noggins wedged inside the webs of

chair building construction

chair building construction

chair building construction

3-4 Steel Section

chair building construction

Hollow rectangular and square sections

Hollow rectangular and square sections are

chair building construction

neat appearance of these sections which with welded

chair building construction

Cold rolled formed sections

chair building construction

chair building construction

3-5 Steel Connection Methods

There are three basic steel connections

chair building construction

chair building construction

Bolt connections may fail for shear stress developed

chair building construction

ii- Butt weld

There are two types of weld.

chair building construction

Used to join plates at their edges and the weld

3-6 Building system

chair building construction

chair building construction

chair building construction

chair building construction

chair building construction

chair building construction

Skeleton frame and connections

chair building cconstruction

chair building cconstruction

Thee top flanges off the beam are

chair building construction

columns may be made through plates, angles

Hollow rectangular sections

Beam to column connections