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Core Biomedical Science

Dr. John S. McLean

Aims & Objectives

• Professional and regulatory bodies

• IBMS Portfolio

• Quality Management

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THE ROLE OF THE HCPC

(Health Care Professions Council)

AND THE IBMS

(Institute of Biomedical Science)

The UK Health Regulators

• Nursing and Midwifery Council 600,000
• General Medical Council 200,000
• Health Professions Council 160,000
• General Dental Council 37,000
• General Optical Council 30,000
• General Osteopathic Council 3,000
• General Chiropractic Council 2,000
• Royal Pharmaceutical Society (GB) 45,000
• Pharmaceutical Society (NI) 300
1,077,300

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HCPC
• Created by the legislation - Health
professions order 2001
• Independent health regulator
• Set standards of professional training,
performance and conduct.
• Keep register
• Protect public

Role of the HCPC

• Regulates 13 health professions
• Protected titles anyone using these titles
must be registered
• Biomedical scientist this title is protected
by law
• Informs members of the public whether
their practitioner is registered
• Considers complaints and allegations of
malpractice – fitness to practice hearings

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The Health & Care

Professions Council
• arts therapists
• biomedical scientists
• clinical scientists
• dieticians
• occupational therapists
• operating department
practitioners
• orthoptists
• paramedics
• physical therapists
• podiatrists
• prosthetists and orthotists
• radiographers
• speech therapists
• social workers – England &
Wales

The HCPC Standards

• Standards of Proficiency – IBMS Portfolio
• Standards of Education and Training – UWS
BSc Applied Biomedical Science
• Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics
- YOU
• Standards of Continuing Professional
Development – YOU
• Standards for Returning to Practice

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IBMS
• professional body for biomedical scientists
in UK
• Aim – To promote and develop biomedical
science and its practitioners
• Represents – 23,000 members employed
mainly in the NHS

IBMS Roles
• Represents the interests of biomedical
science
• Accredits university degrees
• Assesses qualifications for registration
with the HCPC
- IBMS Registration Portfolio
- Year 3, T1, NHS placement

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IBMS REGISTRATION PORTFOLIO

• Generic
• Interpretation of HCPC Standards of Proficiency for
Biomedical Scientists
• Evidence from single or multiple pathology
disciplines
• Mapping of degree modules and expected
workplace outcomes for HCPC approved degrees
and IBMS accredited co terminus/integrated
degrees
• Biomedical scientists with broad underpinning
knowledge

HCPC SOPs
What is a SOP ?
• Standard of Proficiency
(don’t confuse with Standard Operating
Procedures)
• you need to provide evidence to prove that meet
standard
• you either meet standard or don’t
- pass or fail
- like a driving test
• recently been revised - 2014

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HCPC SOPs
Revised in 2014
Registrant biomedical scientists must:
1. be able to practise safely and effectively within their scope of practice
2. be able to practise within the legal and ethical boundaries of their
profession
3. be able to maintain fitness to practise
4. be able to practise as an autonomous professional, exercising their own
professional judgement
5. be aware of the impact of culture, equality and diversity on practice
6. be able to practise in a non-discriminatory manner
7. understand the importance of and be able to maintain confidentiality
8. be able to communicate effectively
9. be able to work appropriately with others
10. be able to maintain records appropriately
11. be able to reflect on and review practice
12. be able to assure the quality of their practice
13. understand the key concepts of the knowledge base relevant to their
profession
14. be able to draw on appropriate knowledge and skills to inform practice
15. understand the need to establish and maintain a safe practice
environment

HCPC SOPs
Revised in 2014
Registrant biomedical scientists must:
1. be able to practise safely and effectively within their scope of practice
2. be able to practise within the legal and ethical boundaries of their
profession
3. be able to maintain fitness to practise
4. be able to practise as an autonomous professional, exercising their own
professional judgement
5. be aware of the impact of culture, equality and diversity on practice
6. be able to practise in a non-discriminatory manner
7. understand the importance of and be able to maintain confidentiality
8. be able to communicate effectively
9. be able to work appropriately with others
10. be able to maintain records appropriately
11. be able to reflect on and review practice
12. be able to assure the quality of their practice
13. understand the key concepts of the knowledge base relevant to their

SCIENCE !
profession
14. be able to draw on appropriate knowledge and skills to inform practice
15. understand the need to establish and maintain a safe practice
environment

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IBMS Portfolio
• IBMS interpret HCPC SOPs
• relate to Biomedical Science job functions
• two sections
– Professional Conduct
– Professional Skills and Standards
• each section has five modules
• these map onto the HCPC SOPs

IBMS Portfolio

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IBMS Portfolio – Module 3

IBMS Portfolio – Module 3

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PURPOSE OF PORTFOLIO
• Evidence of learning
• Evidence of understanding
• Evidence of training
• Evidence of professional skills
• Evidence of ability to apply knowledge and
skills

COMPLETE PORTFOLIO
Through studies and while on placement
gather evidence to show met SOPs;
- evidence folder
- a portfolio is signed off by labs, UWS and
external verifier to show that have met these
standards

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COMPLETING PORTFOLIO
What can be used as evidence ?

}
• Test QC results
• Witness statements
• In–house competency worksheets Placement
• Annotated material
• Case studies
•
•
•
All of above
Marked assessments
Academic transcript
} UWS

Verification of Portfolio
• At end of placement;
• Verified by IBMS/UWS approved verifier
• “Walk round” –
• Inspection of Portfolio AND evidence
• Lasts couple of hours

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Evidence
Core Biomedical Science
1. coursework assessments
– evidence associated with these
2. store these somewhere safe
- may need later

Evidence
Get started
1. Download HCPC “Standards of Conduct,
Performance and Ethics”

2. Download IBMS “Code of Professional Conduct”

& IBMS Registration Training Portfolio Reference
– 4th Edition
https://www.ibms.org/includes/act_download.php?download=IBMS_R
egistration_Portfolio_Fourth_Edition_REFERENCE.pdf

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Useful Web Sites

• www.ibms.org
• www.HCPC-uk.org
• www.dh.gov.uk

BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST CAREER PATHWAY

Applied Biomedical Science

or
Biomedical Science + Traineeship Consultant
Director
Advanced
BMS 9
Consultant
Senior
BMS
BMS
8
7
BMS 6
Degree 5

4
MLA

Assistant (3)
(1-2)

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Applied Biomedical Science

or
Biomedical Science + Traineeship
BMS8
BMS7
Consultant
BMS6 Director
Consultant
BMS5 9
Practitioner
MLA/ Advanced
8
Healthcare Practitioner
Specialist
Support 7
Practitioner
Worker Practitioner 6
Associate 5
Senior Practitioner TITLE BAND PAY SCALE
4 MLAs 2/3 £12,922-£17,732
Assistant
Trainee BMS 3/4 £14,834-£20,818
Assistant 3 BMS 1 5/6 £20,225-£32,653
1-2 BMS 2 7 £29,091-£38,352
BMS 3 7/8a £29,091-£77,179
BMS 4 not finalised

Organization of Pathology
Departments

• One small room doing everything

• Trained in everything
now
• Specialist facilities
• Specialism post graduation

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PATHOLOGY LABORATORIES TODAY – What

has changed?

Workload Regulation

§ More Automation
§ More Cross- Discipline Platform Technology
§ More Information Technology
§ More External Audit
§ More Staff Training and Development

PATHOLOGY LABORATORIES TODAY – What

has changed ?

Amalgamation of Labs
v Southern General
- Stobhill, Western General, Victoria

v Royal Alexandria Hospital Paisley

- Inverclyde Royal Hospital, Vale of Leven
v Southern General
- all cellular pathology in West of Scotland
(Glasgow & Clyde)

But all hospitals will have “hot” labs – emergency work

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PATHOLOGY LABORATORIES TODAY – What

has changed ?

Merging of Themes
e.g. at Southern General Hospital

Neuro-
immunology Immunology

Haematology Clinical
Chemistry

Blood
Sciences

• share common equipment and techniques

• same samples types - serum

PATHOLOGY LABORATORIES TODAY – What

has changed ?

Not all labs are the same (Southern)

v Cell Pathology
- 200 staff including 40 consultant medics

- significant number of BMS (bands 5 and 6)

v Blood Sciences
- 75 staff plus some medics
- tracks (robots)
- bigger prevalence of MLA (bands 2, 3 & 4)

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Organization of Pathology
Departments
• Porters/Drivers
- now trained but not regulated
- pod system in many hospitals

Organization of Pathology
Departments
• Laboratory Assistants (MLAs)
- support staff
- typically - specimen reception
- categorize; urgent/non-urgent
- tubes not broken/leaking
- match request form to instructions on
container

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Organization of Pathology
Departments
• Laboratory Assistants (MLAs)
Healthcare Assistant
with supervision from Biomedical Scientist
- label and store samples
- monitoring equipment

Qualifications
- HNC/HND
- not regulated

Organization of Pathology
Departments
• Cytoscreeners
- supervised by BMS
- specifically trained for this task alone
- cervical cancer

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Organization of Pathology
Departments
• Cytoscreeners
- supervised by BMS
- specifically trained for this task alone
- cervical cancer

Organization of Pathology
Departments
• Biomedical Scientist (Healthcare
Scientist)
- HCPC register
- IBMS training post-graduate
- can work alone, outside “office” hours
- job depends on laboratory
e.g. microbiology v biochemistry

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Organization of Pathology
Departments
• Clinical Scientist (Healthcare Scientist)
- more academic ?
- e.g. clinical genetics, molecular pathology
- small in numbers
- more “science” based

Organization of Pathology
Departments
• Laboratory Manager
- training
- staffing
- recruitment
- health and safety
- budgets
- manage

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Healthcare Professionals
• Phlebotomists

• Nursing Staff
- varies
e.g. transfusion services & midwifery
e.g. clinical chemistry & diabetes clinics
pathology & andrology

Healthcare Professionals
• Clinicians (Medics)
work directly with clinical staff in labs
e.g. microbiology & infection antibiotic
resistance
pathology and pathologists
train new medics on equipment

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Role of Pathology in Healthcare

• ~ 70% of healthcare diagnosis rely on
pathology
- > 200 million samples/year
- ward closed – bad news
- laboratories – hospital functioning
compromised
- cost effective, clinically effective
- moving to 24/7 in most areas

Role of Pathology in Healthcare

• users of the service

1. A&E
- can be urgent
- government - 4 hour target
- chest pains – heart burn v MI
- pod system
- drug overdoses
- Point of Care Testing

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Role of Pathology in Healthcare

• users of the service

2. General Hospital Wards
- pre-operation
- electrolytes
- blood typing – cross matching
- diagnosis

Role of Pathology in Healthcare

• users of the service

3. Primary Care
- screening
- diagnosis
- huge increase in this area
- 40% of all test requests

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Role of Pathology in Healthcare

• Improving the Pathology Service

- 5% of the NHS budget
- 50% of staff in labs are BMS
- 25% of budget – salaries
- flexible workforce
- increased screening/faster turnaround

Role of Pathology in Healthcare

• Improving the Pathology Service

- more automation
- less need for BMS – more MLAs
- 25% of budget – salaries
- merging of labs
- small specialist labs

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Quality Management
• vital role in diagnosis (and mis-diagnosis)
• want correct test result 100% of time.
• continual monitoring of labs
- within lab, locally, nationally and
internationally

Quality Management
1. Quality Control
• performance of a particular test
• run controls
• alert to a fault or cause of fault
• Shewart – Westgard
• Levey & Jennings plot
• do next year in Clinical Chemistry and
Pathology

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Levey & Jennings Plot

Quality Management
2. Quality Assurance
• performance of a laboratory
• monitor all areas of work
• pre-analytical – from patient to bench
• appropriate container
• transported in good time
• clear written instructions/policies for users
• specimen reception

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Quality Management
2. Quality Assurance
• analytical
• scientific and technical aspects
• Lab manager and Quality Manager assess
QC
• training, qualifications
• health and safety

Quality Management
3. Quality Assessment
• External Quality Assessment (EQA)
• National External Quality Assessment
Scheme (NEQAS)
• www.ukneqas.org.uk
• NEQAS for each theme; haematology,
pathology etc
• support labs to get to and maintain
appropriate standard

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Quality Management
3. Quality Assessment
• UK NEQAS for Immunocytochemistry
• Send slides and protocol
• Carry out test – send slide back to NEQAS with report
• Assessed by 4 assessors
• Marked out of 5
• 12/20 or above is acceptable
• 10 to12/20 – borderline – can get some info from
slides
• less than 10 – failed
• NEQAS helps labs to improve

Quality Management
3. Clinical Governance
• Regulation of health care organisations
• Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool
• Tissue taken and retained without consent
• Post mortem or during treatment
• Human Tissue Act 2004

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Quality Management
4. Quality Audit
investigate any errors and/or ensure all is in place
1. Horizontal
- look in detail at one stage in sample processing
- SOPs, health and safety, training
2. Vertical
• follow the fate of a single sample from reception to
reporting
• gives an overview – most common
3. Examination
• test competency of staff

Quality Management
5. Quality Management System
• Mechanism for monitoring
• Set of documents
• Managed by Quality Manager

http://www.matchtech.com/job/199638/

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Quality Management
6. Accreditation
• Recognition that a standard has been met
• Clinical Pathology Accreditation (CPA) - UKAS
• Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency
(MHRA) – blood products
• Human Tissues Authority (HTA) – histopathology labs

Summary
Quality Management System

Quality Control - daily

Quality Audit - monthly

Quality Assessment - quarterly

CPA (UKAS) – every 3 years

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Summary

1. role of HCPC and IBMS

2. IBMS portfolio
3. job functions
4. relationship to healthcare provision

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