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‫وزارة التعليم العالي‬

‫كليات بريدة‬
‫ طب االسنان‬:‫تخصص‬

............................... Research on

Saturation
Student Prepared
WahajAlshamrre :

Dr. Supervision
.)samia

2023-1444
1
 ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

:In the science of chemical saturation

In physical chemistry: Saturation is the point at which a solution of a substance can no
longer dissolve more of it. This point is called the saturation point, and its value depends
on the temperature of the liquid and the chemical nature of the substance. The saturation
property is used in the recrystallization process to purify chemicals.
In this process, a hot solution is saturated with the dissolving of the crystals of the
substance to be purified in it, and then the solution contains the dissolved crystals and the
impurities that were in these crystals. When the solution cools down, the solubility
decreases and the crystals precipitate again. As for the impurities, they remain in the
solution because their concentration is low and does not reach the saturation point. When
conditions change (such as cooling), this means that the actual concentration is more than
the saturation point, and the solution becomes supersaturated.

Also in physical chemistry: saturation is used when discussing chemically or physically

active surfaces. An example of this case is catalysts for chemical reactions. These
materials are usually in the form of small granules that adsorb chemicals so that the
reaction occurs on their surface. Over time, the surfaces of these granules saturate and
lose their potency, requiring replacement or re-cleaning.
In organic chemistry: saturation is due to the fact that an organic compound has the
maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms; That is, there are no double bonds or
triple bonds. Of the simple hydrocarbons, alkanes are saturated, while alkenes are
unsaturated. Recently when discussing electronic construction, unsaturated compounds
are characterized by the presence of a pi bond in them.

in organic chemistry,
The term saturation is used to describe the amount of atoms that tend to bond to a
particular atom. He points out
This term refers to the number of atoms that can be bonded to a given atom
So that all chemical bonds are saturated with electrons. The term saturation can also be
used in inorganic chemistry to describe the maximum amount of a substance that can be
dissolved in a given solvent at a given temperature and pressure. And it can be
The saturation of a solvent is the point at which a solution turns into a normalized
solution. The term saturation can also be used in physical chemistry to describe a
condition in which a gas is saturated with vapor at a given temperature and pressure. And
when this state is achieved. The gas contains the maximum amount of vapor that can be
dissolved in it. Irritation can also be used in chemistry to describe the state in which a
solution is saturated with solid. When this condition is achieved, the solution contains the
maximum amount of solid that can be dissolved in it. Generally speaking, saturation is the
maximum that a solvent or gas can tolerate or the maximum number of chemical bonds
that can be formed in a given molecule. Understanding this concept is fundamental to
chemistry.

Saturation can be achieved in a number of ways, including changing temperature,

pressure, and changing concentration. For example, when a saturated solution is heated,
more of the solid can dissolve in it and make the solution unsaturated. Similarly, when the
score is reduced
The heat of a saturated gas, vapor can turn into a saturated liquid.
The study of saturation is important in many chemical fields, including organic chemistry,
inorganic chemistry, and physical chemistry. Saturation is used in many industrial
applications, such as the manufacture of adhesives, paints, pharmaceuticals, and food and
beverages.

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 Chemical equations that include saturation are central to understanding many chemical
processes. Chemical equations can be used to predict the amount of a substance that can
be dissolved in a given solvent at a given temperature and pressure, and to predict how
the physical state of a substance will change when the temperature and pressure change.
In general, understanding saturation is fundamental to chemistry, and can aid in
understanding many chemical processes and reactions that occur in nature and industry.
Understanding saturation can lead to the development of new technologies and
applications in many fields, including the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries.

Saturation can be affected by external factors, such as temperature, pressure, solvent

type, and solute concentration. In some cases, saturation can be achieved easily under
certain conditions, while in other cases, saturation can be difficult to achieve.
Failure to achieve saturation can lead to the formation of additional chemical bonds
between atoms, leading to the formation of new compounds or other chemical reactions.
Saturation can be achieved when a balance is achieved between the speed of dissolution
and the speed of precipitation of the substance, as the substance is dissolved at a speed
equal to the speed of its precipitation.
Saturation can be used in several industrial applications, such as the manufacture of
medicines and pharmaceutical products, food and beverages, detergents, and adhesives.
Saturation techniques are used for separation, purification, filtration and chemical
analysis.
The study of saturation is important in physical chemistry, as it is used to understand the
physical state of substances and the changes that can occur in them. Saturation
equations are used in several applications in the chemical, petroleum, food,
pharmaceutical and agricultural industries.
In general, understanding saturation is fundamental to chemistry, as it can aid in
understanding the many chemical processes and reactions that occur in nature and
industry. Understanding saturation can open up opportunities to develop new
technologies and applications in many areas, including the chemical, pharmaceutical,
food, agricultural and petroleum industries.

Young types can be classified into several categories, and most

:importantly
1. Analyte saturation: Occurs when a solvent is added to a mixture containing solids,
whereby the solvent can dissolve the solid and cause saturation.
2. Thermal saturation: Occurs when a saturated solution is heated, where more of
the solid can dissolve in it and make the solution unsaturated.
3. Saturation by precipitation: occurs when solids are precipitated from a solution, as
more of the solid can precipitate in cases where the solution is saturated.
4. Saturation by evaporation: Occurs when a solvent is evaporated from a saturated
solution, as more of the solid can precipitate in cases where the solution is
saturated.
5. Chemical saturation: occurs when a saturated solution reacts with another
substance so that new substances are formed in the solution and it becomes
saturated.
6. There are also other types of saturation used in various industries, such as
electrical saturation, electrostatic saturation, extreme flow saturation, and others.

Examples of saturation satisfaction

1. There are many examples of saturation in everyday life and in various industries,
and one of these is.
2. Salt saturation of water: When too much salt is added to the water, the water
becomes saturated with salt and no more salt can dissolve in the water.

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 3. Moisture saturation of the air in the boiler: When water is heated in the boiler, the
air is saturated with moisture and fog forms in the boiler.
4. Saturation of water: When too much sugar is added to water, the water becomes
saturated and no more sugar can dissolve in the water.
5. Blood Oxygen Saturation: When a person breathes, the oxygen in the blood is
saturated and is transported to the tissues in the body.
6. Oil saturation of food: When food is roasted in oil, the oil is saturated with the fat
and other substances present in the food.
7. Saturation of gases in liquids: Gases can be saturated in liquids, such as the
saturation of carbon dioxide in soft drinks.
Saturable and saturated fat
They are two types of fats that foods contain. The difference between them differs in their
chemical structure and their impact on health. The following is the difference between
saturated and unsaturated fats:
Natural State: Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats
are usually liquid at room temperature.
Chemical Structure: Saturated fats contain long, unbranched carbon chains, while
unsaturated fats contain branched carbon chains.
Food Sources: Saturated fats are mainly found in animal products such as meat, dairy,
butter, and coconut oil. While unsaturated fats are found mainly in fish, nuts, seeds and
vegetable oils.
Effect on health: Saturated fats are considered unhealthy when consumed in large
quantities, as they can increase levels of harmful cholesterol in the blood and increase the
risk of cardiovascular disease. While unsaturated fats are considered more healthy and
help lower levels of harmful cholesterol in the blood and reduce the risk of heart disease
and arteries.
In general, it is recommended to reduce the consumption of saturated fats and increase
the consumption of unsaturated fats to improve overall health. It is important to get a
proper balance between the two types of fats in the diet.

Conclusion

After studying and analyzing the conception of the

conception, it can be said that it is considered an important
understanding of many areas and industries. The
saturation of the chemistry, physics, food, pharmaceutical,
agriculture, oil and oil, and the concept of the natural
solvency of the solvetions shall be applied to the solid
solution to the solid material, or the maximum of the
materials that are possible to solve in a specific solution. In
addition, saturation can be used in the identification of the
best conditions for preparation, storage and transportation
of chemicals, storage and transportation of chemicals and
food and diet. It can be used to improve industrial
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processes and improve the quality of products and the cost
reduction. It is important to note that food should be eaten
with the harmful diseases of the heart. The need to
increase the food of rich illness and arteries. The need to
be concluded that the concept of saturation is an important
and efficient concept in many areas and industries, can be
used in improving industrial processes and improving the
.quality of products and maintain public health

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 .References and sources

 Book of "Chemistry" General Dr.

 Jamal El Din Mohamed Hassan, Journal of Chemical and
Technology, which is published by the American Chemical
Assembly.
 The SCICENCEDIRECT site contains a wide range of
prestigious scientific patrols in multiple fields.
 World Health Organization (PSD), which has published health
and health advice, health and health research in the field of
medical and health, "said:" Age of agricultural sciences.

"The experts in various fields such as chemicals, food,
pharmaceutical, agricultural, petroleum and petroleum
industries.