‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ‪prevention Disease‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ⇦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺗﻴﺔ ⇦ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ ⇦ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ⇦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻐﺮﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ‪diseases communicable‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ‪change Behaviour :8-Unit-‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

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U5: Disease prevention L1 & L2: The causes of disease & illness/ Modifiable & non-modifiable risk factors
Dis-ease/ illness
(condition that stops the body from working normally)

Non-communicable disease (NCD)/

Communicable disease (CD)/ infectious: non-infectious:
can be spread/ passed cannot be spread/ passed
Examples: COVID-19 (caused by corona virus) Examples: cardiovascular (heart) disease/
cancer/ respiratory diseases/ diabetes

Caused by:
What are the causes? How infection How to prevent CDs? Risk factors
Pathogens/ germs/ happens?
microbes: (something that may cause a bad thing to happen)

1) Person-to-person (contact with an 1) Practicing good personal hygiene. Modifiable (M) ‫قابل للتعديل‬ Non-modifiable (NM) ‫غير‬
Bacteria infected person) 2) Cleaning & disinfecting shared areas. ‫قابل للتعديل‬
Can be changed/ controlled
2) Consume contaminated foods & 3) Social distancing from sick people. Cannot be changed/
drinks controlled
3) Insect bites 4) Keep a healthy immune system by
Viruses living a healthy lifestyle (eating healthy/
4) Air (airborne particles & droplets) Unhealthy lifestyle (negative
exercising/ getting enough sleep). behaviors): Environmental factors
Sedentary lifestyle (lack of physical
Family history (genetics)
Parasites ‫& طفيليات‬ activity)
fungi ‫فـطريات‬ Overweight/ obesity Gender (male/ female)
Unhealthy diet
High blood pressure Ethnicity/ race ( /‫النسل‬
‫)العرق‬: a large group of
High cholesterol people with the same
customs or origin
Type2 diabetes
Smoking Age (the older someone
Prevent: to stop something from happening. ‫ يمنع‬/‫يعوق‬ Stress gets, the more chances of
developing NCDs)
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U5: Disease prevention L3: Personal health behaviors for disease prevention

How to stop diseases from happening?

(disease prevention)

A healthy diet & mental health: Personal health

Medical care
Improving your diet may: behaviors
1- improve mood
2- lower stress levels Negative behaviors/
3- help you to think clearly Positive behaviors/ healthy
unhealthy/ M risk factors Immunization ‫التحصين‬
(positively affect health) (negatively affect health)

Eat healthy balanced

Good personal hygiene Screening ‫فحوصات‬
diet Drink enough water Get enough sleep
Being physically active
(brushing teeth/ taking a ‫المسح‬
(keep hydrated) shower/ wearing clean
(How?) clothes/ combing hair/
(Why?)
washing hands etc.)

1) Selecting healthy food maintain For healthy sleep: It is important! Why?

healthy weight & reduce the chances of
developing NCDs
2) Consuming enough nutrients
(protein/ carbs/ healthy fats/ vitamins &
minerals) protect you
(e.g., Ca2+ prevents osteoporosis & helps
to build strong bones)
Definition
1) Sleep 7-9 hours a night Because it protects you from CDs through:
Benefits (health
2) Go to bed at the same time each night dimesions) 1) Killing germs (bacteria/ viruses)
3) Don’t eat heavy food before bed 2) Keeping body clean & healthy
How much is enough?
4) Avoid drinking caffeine before bed 3) Stopping the spread of infection
5) Don’t use TV, laptops or phones in the
Types
bedroom

3) Controlling cholesterol protects Over time; getting no enough sleep

against heart diseases (cut down fast can lead to:
food/ unhealthy snacks/ processed Type2 diabetes
foods) Obesity
Hypertension
Heart diseases
Poor mental health
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U5: Disease prevention L3: Personal health behaviors for disease prevention

When to wash your hands?

✓ Before, during & after preparing food
✓ Before eating
✓ After using a bathroom
✓ After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing
✓ After touching someone who is sick
✓ Before & after giving first aid
✓ After touching any animals

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U5: Disease prevention
WHO definition: “any bodily
movement produced by the skeletal
muscles that requires energy
expenditure”
Conditions:
1) Movement
2) Increases heart rate
(faster heart beats)
6
L4: Physical activity & disease prevention
Physical activity
Exercise intensity/ type
How much is enough?
The benefits of physical
(according to WHO (intensity: how hard the body
activity (why is it important?):
recommendations) works while doing exercises)
Recommendations for exercise
Physical health: Category Children & teenagers Adults
Strengthen heart muscles & reduce
the risk of heart disease & stroke Age range (5-17 years old) (18-64 years old)
Reduce cholesterol. Minimum Moderate to high-intensity activity (60 Moderate-intensity activity (150 mins/
Increase lung capacity. amount mins/ day) week)
Control weight.
High-intensity activity (75 mins/ week)
Increase bone density For further 300 mins of moderate-intensity physical
benefits activity or more
Recommend Activities that strengthen muscles (3 ✓ Aerobic activities (running/
Mental & emotional health: ed exercises times/ week) swimming) 10 mins at a time
Endorphins hormones improve mood & ✓ Weight training (2 times/ week)
reduce stress & work as a pain killer.
Improve energy levels. Moderate-intensity activities High-intensity activities
Improve emotional well-being & make
you calmer and better.
(working at 70-80% of MHR) (working at 80-85% of MHR)
Raise brain function, problem solving & ✓ Brisk walking (5 km/ hour) ✓ Running
increase attention.
✓ Cycling leisurely (less than ✓ Skipping
16 km/ hour) ✓ Cycling (over 16 km/ hour)
Social health: (exercising in a group)
✓ Swimming leisurely ✓ Swimming laps
Make new friends.
✓ Dancing ✓ Sports
Improve self-confidence.
✓ Heavy housework ✓ Hiking
✓ Gardening ✓ Rollerblading
Learn leadership skills.
Get motivated to exercise. MHR: Maximum Heart Rate ‫سرعة القلب القصوى‬
U5: Disease prevention
Immunization
‫التحصين‬
Definition: How vaccines works? (immunity)
Immunization: when people are made
immune or resistant to an infectious
disease, usually by injecting a vaccine. 1) Inject a very small
amount of bacteria/
virus
2) The body’s immune
system starts to
produce antibodies
3) If the disease
enters the body in the
future, your immune
system knows what is
it & already has the
antibodies to fight it.
7
L5: Medical care for disease prevention
UAE National Immunization
The importance of vaccinations:
Program
Save around 2.5 million lives every year.
When it starts?
Work with the body’s natural defenses to build
The vaccination schedule starts when the
protection. child is born & continues until the child is
in grade 11.
Prevent more than 20 life-threatening diseases.
Prevent & control infectious disease outbreaks.
The UAE vaccinates children against
disease such as:
Tuberculosis (BCG) ‫السل‬
Hepatitis B (Hep B) ‫الكبد الوبائي‬
Polio (OPV/IPV) ‫فيروس شلل األطفال‬
Varicella (chickenpox) ‫الحصبة‬
Influenza (Hib)
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
There are other vaccination you can
request as an adult:
Flu injection
When you are travelling to different
countries which have high risk of certain
diseases
U5: Disease prevention L5: Medical care for disease prevention

https://youtu.be/Keaa4hOWnzU

How vaccines
activate the
immune system
Immunization = vaccination = & strengthen it?
vaccine = dose
Vaccine = injecting
weakened or dead
bacteria/ virus in small
amount to activate the
immune system.

Antibody

8
U5: Disease prevention L5: Medical care for disease prevention

9
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U5: Disease prevention L5: Medical care for disease prevention

Screening (routinely
check up) “e.g., PCR test” Screening test Diagnostic test
Carried out on healthy Carried out on someone who
people has symptoms
Negative result (there is
Positive result Applied to a group of Applied to a single person
nothing wrong! Normal individuals
(possibility of a disease)
result! Healthy!)
Results are not conclusive Results conclusive and final
(positive/ negative)
Less accurate More accurate
Further Diagnostic
check tests
ups Less expensive More expensive

Not a basis of treatment Basis for treatment

Diagnosis
(determine the causes of symptoms “exact disease”)

11
‫‪U5: Disease prevention‬‬ ‫‪L5: Medical care for disease prevention‬‬

‫تذكري فحوصات المسح ‪ screening tests‬ليست نهائية وليست دقيقة وتكون نتيجتها إما "إيجابية" أو "سلبية"‪.‬‬
‫نتيجة المسح اإليجابية تدل على وجود مشكلة واحتمال وجود مرض‪.‬‬
‫لكي نتأكد من وجود المرض بالفعل يجب أن نقوم بعمل فحوصات إضافية (فحوصات تشخيصية ‪.) diagnostic tests‬‬
‫مثال‪ :‬يمكن أن يدل اختبار المسح على وجود نقص في مستوى الحديد‪ ،‬ولكن ال يأكد وجود فقر دم "أنيميا"‪.‬‬
‫‪The difference between screening & diagnosis tests‬‬

‫نحتاجه عشان‬ ‫نتيجته نهائية‬

‫نطمن ع الصحة‬ ‫ويستخدم لتشخيص‬
‫بشكل عام وم نقدر‬ ‫المرض‪.‬‬
‫نعتمد عليه‬ ‫من كلمة‬
‫لتشخيص األمراض‬ ‫“‪"diagnosis‬‬

‫‪12‬‬
U5: Disease prevention L5: Medical care for disease prevention

General screening tests for adults

In your 50’s & 60’s

12) Osteoporosis risk assessment

In your 20’s & 30’s
1) Blood pressure
2) Cholesterol & glucose levels
3) BMI, waist & hip measurements
4) Dental check & cleaning
5) Skin cancer checks
6) Cervical screening (females only)
7) Diabetes risk assessment
In your 40’s 13) Colorectal ‫( القولون والمستقيم‬bowel
cancer) screening
14) Sight & hearing impairment tests
8) Cardiovascular risk assessment
9) Eye checks for glaucoma (a
condition that can cause blindness)
As you get older
10) Breast screening (females only) you will need
more screening
11) Prostate screening (males only) tests
.‫كل م كبر الشخص بالعمركل م زادت الفحوصات الطبية إللي الزم يخضع لها‬
.‫ فحص طبي‬14‫مثالً في عمر الخمسين بتخضع لما يقارب للـ‬

Screening test name Checks: Pap smear

Pap smear Cervix cancer ‫سرطان عنق الرحم‬
Mammogram Breast cancer ‫سرطان الثدي‬
Colonoscopy Bowel cancer ‫سرطان القولون‬
Fasting glucose levels test Diabetes ‫السكري‬
13
 For To screen for Types of test Screening frequency
People over 20 years old Obesity Body mass index (BMI) & Once a year
waist circumference
People over 20 years old Hypertension (high blood Blood pressure Every 2 years (more if
pressure) measurement high risk)
People over 20 years old Diabetes Fasting blood glucose/ Every 3 years (more if
High cholesterol lipids test high risk)
People over 50 years old Bowel cancer Test to find blood in Once a year
stools or colonoscopy
Women 25-65 years old Cervical cancer Pap smear test Every 3 years
Women 40-69 years old Breast cancer Mammogram Every 2 years
Men over 45 years old Prostate cancer Blood test or physical Every 2-3 years
examination

14
U5: Disease prevention
Infection
L6: Infection control for disease prevention
‫العدوى‬

How an infection spread? How to prevent & control

Definition: Causes? Types of infections
3 things are needed: infection?

Infection happens when 1) A source: (where

Bacteria/ viruses/ Infection control in day-to-day
germs enter the body & germs are found) Surgical infection: an
multiply
fungi/ parasites Preventing hospital infections: life:
infection in the area of
Includes: operation ‫العدوى الجراحية‬
Surfaces in public Infection control program
places/ home Wash hands regularly &
(explaining how to identify & properly
Skin prevent infections)
Bloodstream infection: an
Medical equipment Prepare & handle food
infection in the blood ‫تعفن الدم‬ Screening properly

2) A person: with a Hand washing Clean & disinfect surfaces in

way for the germs to the home
enter their body Pneumonia: an infection in
Spread through: Having good hygiene & proper
one or both lungs ‫االلتهاب‬ cleaning of facilities & medical Cough or sneeze into a tissue
Person-to-person contact ‫الرئوي‬ equipment
3) Transmission:
(unclean hands)
the way germs are Don’t share personal items
moved to a person Quarantine (isolate the infected with others
Unclean medical person until they are fully
equipment (needles) Meningitis: an infection of the recovered) ‫الحجر‬
brain & spinal cord ‫التهاب السحايا‬ Stay home when you are sick
Procedures for the
decontamination of people & Avoid touching wild animals
the environment
Urinary tract infection (UTI): Get vaccinated against CDs
affects the kidneys & bladder Personal protective equipment (e.g., COVID-19)
(PPE)
‫عدوى مجاري المسالك البولية‬

15
U5: Disease prevention L6: Infection control for disease prevention

Personal protective
equipment (PPE)

Eye protection
Gloves Masks Gowns Overall
(goggles)

16
U5: Disease prevention L6: Infection control for disease prevention

Antibiotics kill
Antibiotics are We cannot
bacteria &
Overusing no longer control
prevent
antibiotics effective in infection
infections from
killing bacteria anymore!
spreading

• Antibiotic
resistance ‫مقاومة‬
‫المضاد الحيوي‬

17