Lecture 4.5- — Tans fern 1s Ae Z- Tran form converts th dicrete-ftine el Ban) or XinT) tate a complex, Fregnency-clomain representation. “Tha difference betueen fh. diserede-tim frorier trleon DTET ard the 2 transhrm lies in the choice of the indpealert variable used in domain. The DTFT Xen) of we Ck} Uses Mn a i basis function the tran formed The discrete time a conplen ep penetia! e and maps reEkI in fem a The ao trent Kew) expresses ~ERT in forms af 2%, where Ha independent variable Z The Z- transform 1, Pherefore, a general Zution L fl- DTFT- Toa Zatransforrr off @ Sequence x is valid for all N fy Siven A! Zixensy = X® Xeqye DRONE ees zoos ty Swen by BFE zn1, whichEquation (1) i) Called ( Too-Sided or Bilatere| re- tranform). Bat, in cangal Saifems , Ln? may be nen eer only In the jnterval CLK <00 , Mere Equaticn cy) men be wiitfen a5! o ty Mia ee eee ES eee nao fater=/ Eqvation Cv) is Called (One -Sided or Uni Z- trans form)+ a complexe Variable, v£ 4 be if wsigy the comp lere z-phm Becawte A 2” éanvintent: desen with Ze Kece aj Tn 62) iw s7ré The ones 4 Ze-plane are the real aad imaginary Packs oJ I fustrated im Fa. c4) yaad the cate Corresponding Ya jefel ia & cirele of un yadiess The z- tran fom evaluated es bait circk corre spends to th prFT, 4 Ba Unit circle Fig ct)Region of Conergence CROC) Ge 2- teavfem bo an infinite poor Serves. Lé enmity only for those valuas of retieble 2 be which the Series converges Jeinds Pintle sta The regien of convergence (Roc) f XC the set of all the Values F EC far which Xcz) atfains a Hinite comprtable valae. It ly Convenitat to See Page 1-454. Find the @- tran fein anl tha. Vegion of cnvegen f te fellesing Signal uo} 1 nee 4 Lenj = Sen) = {. nee Seletien oo -— Xi * Ke no- Lop L OHO FI term DT e+ ote +-- o X¢aet Since, for all the valaes F F, Xz) =4 . fhe LOC is the entire Z- planeOf the falloviing signe | a | “t | Kens Sin-c] = ey nec =m Example 1:55:22 _ Find the 2- transfor aad the region of convergence Seludien oe : | Xc2)= J xan 2 nie sd L eho’ = $e Roc is The entire 2 -plane except Th— Pein€ Zoe Example 157 Fing fhe 2-tramfim an) th regien of cannon Moaing sirrals 17 th foliosing wl nze Mays ie nie Selntien zg" X cane ee ay 2 Bs N neeComPpacin thi to. the Series ¢Xfansion @, 07 Pansion aff ts = darter toc we gee Guess =. c2J= [ae = Sco Therefore, the infinite Power Series converges eal pope > fal. sequence Example 15-4 Find th % fran & th follouing Signal Hangs £2) 4,2, B4-S Selatien a mn Xcz) = 2. Xen C -4 nee i -3 oye RES HUE ETE TO Comparing thi) Sequence With the drvedve °f Tox ad jy Series representation , Where SF on pee eR HE AX ae Hoe cae Z zi bg) Se plete el eee a Cl4 et at tNae d ! ! | deta = ate ix” 1x Cl ee Bob , we have -! a i -4 Maj se Pe eee rat yet Pay both Sides , we ae€ at ae “3 ZXe2 21 +22432 Sai Be ae | 1 : = s EXCH) = Oey piviling beth sides 49 B we ee L Xcez) = gree Geo Zz = i ~ (ge-1) Find the 2 trans form the Fllestiag Signal }) e tze gece) z f red Selntien No Zn digit! Sequence signe! tainT (ipl so ae, ceek -anT a 2 € a mit 5 Meeye Quen = Aer np seat yt Jee € te Ze BTS | 1 Toe =! l-ez agaT 3 N i a at 2-é N Lrarcise 154 Find th. 2-Hanhormn and the regyen “f onverpnce for th Flleving discrefe time Sequence! | westso , xErjet , xE-N9s3 , xLI2T. uIgeS , HEej=' , KCsIoe . fe. 2 -t -2 Xaye2 p3Z4+5t+92 + Z Roc és everywhere in the @-plane except ak B20 and 2=O- peelTable of 2- Trambrmn> S — Tramfosms | Permitted Sees Kez) | vanes of B Seq =C1,0,0,--J 4 Ad uelues HZ Keay eC 1,4,4-3] Fe _ lel >4 | (2-1) C03 = Ce,4,2,3-J = Ce-43t f2z1 71 On} 0,4,4,9,--3| ~eCz+t) lz[ >I (2-477 o —- pa CW) =Co,1,822-1 eet oy SOMES | zl >t me Ca"] 2Tt,a avd, = 2 -A) | | zl > & Ene'3s everee' sd] ae Ce-ay | [#l 2 te]: ' -er ar =z [zl> -9T Bie pt yun = e (2-e") Fer mere details See also page 1-155. | 1-135Propecties ef Z- Taniforms he. 2-faufem bp a. lees trans him . That is» VF aiand 6 are cnsfonts then, Z Caxog rbgea} = a etnony eb oe} Exarple 1.5.6 —_—_—_—_— Find th 2-tromform -2n 3inj-SE clude. aan Seletion -2n 3 ZO7-5 2 IF ff. Zisoa-se FF Fiorn tate ff 2- iranian, we beve 2 wae MUS 2 aa ih Zz Zie $= aay on Be. _ ££, “ BG stat" f * gay Se" _ 3g(a-€) -Sé@') = Bees 1 (2 -&) = Seen Ce)2. Finsé Shifl theorem ( Shifting to the fet) Te Zl xenf > Fle) , then | Z {xlorm Ye ZF) - Zu pe-E xes= _ —_ ZI) , Therefare ZU xin+D} a ZF ce)- Z xe and ZFXIN +Ofe Free)- Exes] -E HOA Epearpl 1.5.% rad Z 5 fre Solntion A {Rin tm] f = ZF 02) EXL}- Petty = 2xuLm-8) i atl ae 5 Zit fo Zrai-2Zf- Z4-24 where jefrems table af O- ttenxfarm Be oe Z Fos = ae-z7 2 Lae Paap ee ee _ (2 +4 S46 E) 3 gH gt (fee pe eI Ce-40 = aa Bt (Shae egg d IE) Zot iT) 642 Zot Exercise 152 Find ZGaenri33 fins. 2a zZ ZieotS = Gat3 Seen shift Theorem ¢ Shifting te the right ) UY Zi xa f = flB), Ben gizaif = 2 pla Example £58. Eyal & f xor-33f Z [x0-mif z Fez) 6 Le vin-uf - E Fee) z on Fable F2) 2p ( Fre table ) a ZU xm aps Ese zZ oa zZce-) s le eas Zia)If Of wef es Fez) ” then pe xaif = Fcaz) EXample 1.5.9 Find & Ff 2'caP Salut ion Toa. =f | Qfa'xenf = F(4#) By Liz raf = fC?) Zz taste ) njf= — ( Fem Lic if (2-1s* -t 3 re , Ee fetal? yea y 22 eee ey zs 2 ce-2)*rc 5: Final value theerem | Example L.5:lo i gf moap = Fea). te fe xen] oho f (42) Fest n3e provided that An KOI exits | Use the final Value theorem to find The Final value og th following Sequence j t n rnp ee? Selation Firs€ we check th existence of % L—. mei a bt) = =o (exits) | na Oe fe. ee) Oe oe eh | ry z-0 (a fr Zor Loe ga) ag “ee-8. 3-141fy wing th. finel va Jue theorem, fod fhe fiae[ value q the. Sequence wif. the B- Hransforn | Fee) = log+ 2@ C2-UGe-1) Ans. £ ice ref = OFS 271 6. The initial Value thesyem If Zfxoap= Fee) woop 2 Az Feeyp . - trent is For exanple Monye em he a 2 n Fez)= aon ; x i. xo Lew tea = fr deg Chg bo Hertel rele), ZoeyExercise 15.3 Fer Fie) = (og7+2EtF Find the 2s 2a loZ-Z Initial Ua tow gl a2 PERS From definition af 2- Flay form = “1 Fl2= S Hen] 2 nie MW ~\s ® & 7 Fz) a “n ae terme ee nse and so Z, Fa, = zijn Xen fExample 1.5.11 n > “”' For fh Segnence XEn] = ay Fiod Ain xe a Solution 2 Pingu pagiarl ane? oe) Fre fable gf 2- tron form, We fave a hes & z-transform Z FO)= Zoe z —-a a Ped ea a ‘ -Z Fle) pores \ \ N \ S (Ny Exercise 1.55 Find Linea sf |Anverse Z- Transform Ae /qverse 2-tansform 1 defined as! xEAT = Z'§ Xczyf Where, : ce) iy the E-tromBim of Weal = ty the Sypalos! for Thu iqvetre “E— tran, form. tn Preekice , Nee) is offer expreued as a atic gs tie Pela nem ials ne? ap fellows: -! -2 in AY in) sitet LE NE pris bo +b al+ De Fy eae. Ln ti fora, The inverse. B- tremferm Ken] cae) Xa” | ¢ < e-4i nel & i Ken] f hes ne peles inside the contour circle c fer one of more values Of My fhen HK EnJ=° for | These valued « Find te Inverse a transform f Xz) using the | residue me Phed ‘ | = | 42t 4) 2 = Se ( Roc #s le(>z) | Xce) © Tye Gre Solution | pour of 2 ’ | Xe) Can be writter in pesi hve br bg Z* as Fallows | | pan (Hi pling tae numerake c and denomina Ya) = = (gee) wee zien +3 @ + )@tn | da Meme S Residues of Me) aa at th Pele inde the cirele ce] 152: Zl@ty ES _ * KOT DS Pesdues of [2 ER J ot The Pele inside Hm circle c. = 2 Resi of 2"(2+2) Ata] & sal cariycerty poles (22-1) and C2 2-3): ; it (2t2) + fem eaeen ate eed * Mead = flee) Te zie | + 5) “ i a eae) oe eget 2). Ertercise 1.5.8 Find the inverse 2- tran fete of Kee) wing br residue method Kies n tenz 1o(-1+2 ) |Lo Signals with their Corresponding ROC in Z-planeDigital Time Sequence and Corresponding Z-Transform with ROC DT sequence (1) Unit impatse ain} = dinl (2) Detayed unit imputse xin = sine] (3) Unit step a= ai (4) Exponential aint = Punt (5) Delayed exponential xinjsaluja— 1] 16) Ramp xb] natn} (7) Time-rising exponential SAL = fo" (8) Causal vosine 1A) = cos QonsaiAy (9) Causal sine XPA] = sia Poaednl 2-transform with ROC 1, ROC: entise z-plane 2° ROC: entice z-plane, except = 0 ROC: fe} > 1 ROC: 1zf > Jad ROC: 2{ > ke} ROC: Ie} > 1 ROC: 2] > tat =z! 2 Laz coe aie + cos me} ROC ef > 1 =F eosth +z = Resi +I nce HCH > 1 P= 2 cas ty Fe B= Westy