The most obvious symptom is the presence of visible

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SYMPTOMS cracks on the ceiling surface. These cracks can be hairline
cracks, larger fissures, or even structural cracks.
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• Extreme temperature fluctuations can cause materials A
I
to expand and contract, leading to cracks
Defects under a construction CAUSES • Poor workmanship or inadequate support during con-

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contract is work which is not performed struction can lead to cracks.
in accordance with the requirements of the • Aging, materials may deteriorate, causing cracks.
THE SYMPTOMS
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construction contract. To assess what a defect First, determine what caused the crack.
is requires an examination. Relevant provisions may include terms as to  Discoloration is brown/yellow
Fill and seal the cracks using appropriate materials like
quality, workmanship, design, and materials as well  Mold/staining follows as circular pattern
as specifications and drawings. The most dangerous defects have the
capacity to fail, resulting in physical injury/damage to people or property.
TREATMENT spackling or drywall compound.
Smooth the patched area and paint it to match the ceiling. &  Mold growth is confined to a single region
THE CAUSES
Regular Maintenance
M Roof leaks, plumbing leaks, or leaks from appli-
Ceiling defect can occur in a few different ways. Here are a few of
the most common types of ceiling damage: O ances can lead to water damage and stains on the
ceiling.


 Crack
Crackceiling
Ceiling
CRACK U THE TREATMENT
 Stains and mould Kill mold: Use a solution of water and white vine-


Paint chip and peel
Sagging
CEILING L gar or hydrogen peroxide to eliminate any remain-
ing mold and prevent regrowth.
 Sagging ceiling
D
ceiling Repair: Fix any sources of moisture, like leaks or
 Dampness
 Water leaking poor ventilation, to prevent future staining and
mold.

PAINT CHIP AND PEEL SAGGING

CEILING
SYMPTOMS
Watermarks and paint may
start to peel or bubble up
HOW TO FIX ???
 Scrape off peeling paint on
the ceiling with a putty
knife.
 Use sandpaper. Clean off
any dust.
 Patch the peeling area with
PAINT PEEL AND a thin layer of patching
compound and putty knife.
CHIP on ceiling could be im- Let dry.
proper painting preparation.  Apply a second coat.
If the surface isn’t clean or  Sand and clean the ceiling.
doesn’t have proper priming  Prime the area with an oil-
the paint can peel much faster. based primer. Let dry.
This happens mostly due to  Paint with a flat acrylic
moisture. Moisture gets be- paint.
tween the paint and the wall,
causing it to peel.
CEILING
You can see a pronounced
bend or ‘V’ where the
plasterboard sheets join
CAUSES
 movement in the building
 faulty glue or glue that isn’t
holding anymore
 screws that were drilled in
too deep
 nails that are popping out
 roof leaks
 termites and white ants
TREATMENT
 Ceiling Restrapping – Adding
new support straps to the
underside of your ceiling.
Help to redistribute the
weight of the ceiling, and
prevent if from sagging.
THE SYMPTOMS
If you’ve noticed drops of water coming through the
ceiling or even just a wet spot
THE CAUSES
Either there is an issue with your plumbing, such as a
damaged pipe or leaking shower. Or there is an issue
with your roof, such as a hole or overflowing gutters
THE TREATMENT
 Use waterproof sealants or caulk to seal small gaps
or cracks in the ceiling. This can prevent further wa-
ter infiltration.
 Once the source is fixed, repair any water damage to
the ceiling. This may involve patching, repainting, or
replacing damaged parts
LEAKING CEILING