ED102 Assignment

A. Explain the different theories on the sources of intrinsic motivation by

giving examples based on your experiences.

1. Attribution Theory

This theory suggests that people are motivated by their attributions, or perceived
causes of their successes or failures. For instance, let's say you're working on a
project. If you believe your success on the project is due to your effort and skill, you
might be more motivated to take on similar tasks in the future. Conversely, if you
attribute your success to luck or external factors, your motivation might not be as
high.

2.Self-efficacy theory

This theory, proposed by Albert Bandura, focuses on the belief in one's ability to
accomplish tasks and reach goals. If you believe you have the skills to accomplish
a particular task, you're more likely to be motivated to tackle it. For example, if
you're confident in your public speaking abilities, you might feel more motivated to
volunteer to give a presentation at work or in a social setting.

3. Self-determination and self-regulation theory

This theory emphasizes the importance of intrinsic motivation and personal control
in behavior. It suggests that when individuals feel autonomous, competent, and
connected to others, their intrinsic motivation flourishes. For instance, if you're
given the autonomy to choose how you accomplish a task at work, it might increase
your motivation because you feel a sense of control over the process.

4. Goal theory

This theory focuses on how individuals set and pursue goals. People are motivated
by setting specific, achievable goals. For example, if you set a goal to learn a new
programming language within a certain time frame and break it down into
manageable steps, achieving each step might motivate you to continue working
towards that larger goal.
5. Choice theory

This theory emphasizes the role of personal choice and control in motivation. When
individuals believe they have choices and control over their actions, they are more
likely to be motivated. For example, in education, allowing students to choose their
research topics might increase their motivation to learn and explore the subject
deeply.

6. Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Maslow's theory suggests that motivation is based on fulfilling different levels of

needs, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization. For instance, if an
employee is struggling with job security, they might be more motivated by
opportunities for a stable income rather than, say, professional development
programs.

B. Cite the implication of these theories to the facilitation of learning.

1. Attribution Theory: In a learning environment, it's crucial to encourage a growth

mindset. Helping learners attribute their successes to effort and strategy rather
than innate ability can foster resilience and motivation. For example, praising a
student for their hard work rather than innate intelligence can encourage a belief in
the power of effort.

2. Self-Efficacy Theory: To facilitate learning, it's important to build students'

confidence in their abilities. Providing varied and achievable tasks, constructive
feedback, and role models can enhance students' self-belief. For instance, breaking
down complex subjects into smaller, manageable parts can help students develop
confidence as they conquer each step.

3. Self-Determination and Self-Regulation Theory: Supporting autonomy in learning

is vital. Allowing students to have a say in their learning process, providing choices
in assignments or projects, and acknowledging their perspectives fosters a sense
of control. Giving them opportunities to self-regulate their learning, like setting
personal learning goals, encourages intrinsic motivation.

4. Goal Theory: Setting clear and attainable learning goals is essential. Educators
can assist learners in setting both short-term and long-term goals, guiding them
through the steps to achieve these objectives. This can include providing a
roadmap of the learning journey, breaking down complex topics, and showing
progress along the way.
5. Choice Theory: Allowing students to have some control over their learning
experiences can enhance motivation. This can involve offering choices in
assignments, reading materials, or learning methods. For instance, in a project,
students might have the choice to present their findings in a written report, a
presentation, or a creative medium.

6. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Recognizing that students' basic needs must be

met to facilitate effective learning is crucial. Providing a safe and supportive
learning environment, addressing any physiological or safety concerns, and
creating a sense of belonging within the classroom community is fundamental
before expecting optimal engagement in learning activities.

C. Where are in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Why?

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs consists of five tiers: physiological, safety,

love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. The position within the hierarchy
varies for individuals based on their current life circumstances and experiences.

In a learning environment, students could be at different levels of the hierarchy. For

instance:

​ 1. Physiological Needs: Some students might face challenges in this area,

such as hunger, fatigue, or health issues that affect their ability to focus on
learning. Meeting these needs involves ensuring they have access to food,
water, rest, and a comfortable learning environment.
​ 2. Safety Needs: Students might experience insecurities about their physical
safety or a lack of stability, which can hinder their ability to engage fully in
learning. Providing a safe, predictable, and supportive classroom
environment can help address these needs.
​ 3. Love/Belonging: Feeling a sense of belonging and connection within the
classroom community is essential for many students. Some might struggle
with social interactions or feel isolated. Building a supportive and inclusive
classroom culture can help fulfill these needs.
​ 4. Esteem: Students might seek recognition for their achievements and a
sense of accomplishment. Providing opportunities for students to succeed,
offering praise, and acknowledging their efforts can contribute to fulfilling
their esteem needs.
​ 5. Self-Actualization: This level involves personal growth, achieving one's
potential, and pursuing goals. Some students might already be motivated by
personal growth and learning, aiming to achieve their fullest potential in the
learning process.