HVAC ENGINEERING CHEAT SHEET

CONVERSIONS and CONSTANTS EQUATIONS DUCT SIZING CRITERIA RECOMMENDED VELOCITIES

Energy Heat System pd [in/100ft] V [fpm] System FPM
1 Watt = 3.412 BTU/h M.P. Risers - 2,500 Penthouse Dampers 1,000 - 1,200
1 HP = 746 W Qs [BTU/h] = CFM * 1.08 * ΔT [°F] M.P. Riser Takeoffs - 2,000 - 2,500 Penthouse Louvers 500
1 HP = 2,545 BTU/h M.P. Duct 0.3 2,000 Cooling Coils 550 - 600
1 MBH = 1,000 BTU/h Ql [BTU/h] = CFM * 4840 * Δw [lbw/lba] L.P. & Return Duct 0.1 1,200 Heating Coils 750 - 1000
1 Cooling Ton = 12,000 BTU/h Exhaust Duct 0.1 1,500 Filters 500
1 CFH Nat. Gas = 1 MBH QT [BTU/h] = CFM * 4.5 * Δh [BTU/lb] Grease Exhaust Duct - 2,000 - 2,500 Gravity RA Shaft 500
Relief Fan RA Shaft 1000
Air Q [BTU/h] = ṁ [lb/h] * c [BTU/lb °F] * ΔT [°F] PIPE SIZING CRITERIA Return Fan RA Shaft 1500
ρair = 0.075 lb/ft3 Pipe Size [in] Max V [fps] GPM (Copper) GPM (Steel) Drywall Exhaust Shaft 1000
cair = 0.24 BTU/lb°F Q [BTU/h] = GPM * 500 * ΔT [°F] 1/2 3 2.2 -
1 psi = 27.7 in H2O 3/4 3 4.5 5
1 atm = 14.7 psi Q [BTU/h] = U [BTU/h ft2 °F] * A [ft2] * ΔT [°F] 1 3 8 8 VAV SIZING
1 1/4 4 16 18 VAV Size Max CFM
Water Horsepower 1 1/2 4 22 25 6 400
ρwater = 62.4 lb/ft3 2 4 45 40 8 720
cwater = 1.0 BTU/lb°F CFM * SP [in] 2 1/2 6 95 90 10 1120
BHPfan =
1 psi = 2.31 ft H2O 6356 * ηfan * ηmotor 3 6 130 140 12 1600
1 gal = 8.34 lbs 4 8 320 320 14 2400
1 ft3 = 7.48 gal BHPpump =
GPM * Head 5 8 510 510 16 3200
1 lb = 7,000 grains 3960 * ηpump * ηmotor 6 10 900 900 40 (24"x16" Inlet) 4800
8 10 - 1600
Misc Cooling Towers 10 12 - 3000 Max Air ∆Ps (2-row): 0.60 in
U [BTU / h ft2 °F] = 1 / R Rule of Thumb Makeup = 0.05 GPM/TON 12 12 - 4200 Max Air ∆Ps (1-row): 0.30 in
SHGC = SC * 0.87 14 12 - 5700
kW/ton = 12 / EER Makeup [GPM] = Evap Rate [GPM] + Bleed Rate [GPM]
COP = EER / 3.412 Evap Rate [GPM] = Flow [GPM] * ΔT [°F] * 0.001 Medium Pressure Ductwork Low Pressure & Return Ductwork Exhaust Ductwork
VP = (V / 4005)2 Bleed Rate [GPM] = Evap Rate [GPM] / (Cycles of Conc. - 1) Max 2,000 FPM & Max 0.3"/100 ft Max 1,200 FPM & Max 0.1"/100 ft Max 1,500 FPM & Max 0.1"/100 ft

°F = 1.8 °C + 32 Duct Size Max CFM Duct Size Max CFM Duct Size Max CFM

g = 32.17 ft/s2 Misc 6"Ø 200 6"Ø 110 6"Ø 110

CFM = ACH * Room Volume [ft3] * (1 / 60) [hr/min] 8"Ø 420 8"Ø 230 8"Ø 230

V [fpm] = CFM / A [ft2] 10"Ø 760 10"Ø 420 10"Ø 420

W [watts] = V [volts] * I [amps] * √φ 12"Ø 1,250 12"Ø 680 12"Ø 680

V [volts] = R [resistance] * I [amps] 14"Ø 1,850 14"Ø 1,050 14"Ø 1,050

16"Ø 2,600 16"Ø 1,450 16"Ø 1,450
18"Ø 3,600 18"Ø 2,000 18"Ø 2,000
20"Ø 4,500 20"Ø 2,600 20"Ø 2,600

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART BASICS 22"Ø 5,400 22"Ø 3,200 22"Ø 3,400

12"x12" 1,500 12"x12" 840 12"x12" 840
1. Dry Bulb Temp [°F] A. Humidifying Only 14"x14" 2,250 14"x14" 1,250 14"x14" 1,250
2. Relative Humidity [%] B. Heating & Humidifying 16"x14" 2,600 16"x14" 1,500 16"x14" 1,500
3. Wet Bulb Temp [°F] C. Sensible Heating Only 16"x16" 3,200 16"x16" 1,800 16"x16" 1,800
4. Enthalpy [Btu/lba] D. Chemical Dehumidifying 24"x12" 3,600 24"x12" 2,000 24"x12" 2,000
5. Humidity Ratio [lbw/lba] E. Dehumidifying Only A 20"x16" 4,200 20"x16" 2,400 20"x16" 2,400
H B
6. Volume [ft3/lba] 5 F. Cooling & Dehydrating 24"x18" 5,400 24"x18" 3,400 24"x18" 3,400
7. Dew Point [°F] G. Sensible Cooling Only 24"x24" 7,000 24"x24" 4,250 24"x24" 5,000
G C
7
H. Evaporative Cooling Only 30"x30" 11,500 30"x30" 6,900 30"x30" 8,600
2 3 4 F D 36"x30" 10,500
36"x30" 14,000 8,400 36"x30"
E
6 42"x30" 16,000 42"x30" 9,600 42"x30" 12,000
1
46"x30" 18,000 46"x30" 10,500 46"x30" 13,000
52"x30" 20,000 52"x30" 12,000 52"x30" 15,000
60"x30" 22,500 60"x30" 13,500 60"x30" 17,000
HVAC ENGINEERING CHEAT SHEET

ASHRAE 62.1 VENTILATION TABLE ASHRAE 62.1 VENTILATION TABLE cont. ASHRAE 62.1 EXHAUST TABLE ASHRAE LIGHTING LOADS
People Outdoor Area Outdoor Occupant People Outdoor Area Outdoor Occupant
Exhaust Rate Lighting Power
Space Type Air Rate Air Rate Density Air Class Space Type Air Rate Air Rate Density Air Class Space Type Air Class Space Type
[cfm/ft2] Density [W/ft2]
[cfm/person] [cfm/ft2] [ppl/1000 ft2] [cfm/person] [cfm/ft2] [ppl/1000 ft2]
Daycare (through age 4) 10 0.18 25 2 Auditorium Seating Area 5 0.06 150 1 Arenas 0.50 1 Classroom/Lecture/Training 1.24

Daycare Sickroom 10 0.18 25 3 Places of Religious Worship 5 0.06 120 1 Art Classrooms 0.70 2 Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose 1.23

Classrooms (ages 5-8) 10 0.12 25 1 Courtrooms 5 0.06 70 1 Auto Repair Rooms 1.50 2 Corridor/Transition 0.66

Classrooms (ages 9 plus) 10 0.12 35 1 Public Assembly Legislative Chambers 5 0.06 50 1 Barber Shops 0.50 2 Dining Area - Bar/Lounge/Leisure 1.31

Lecture Classroom 7.5 0.06 65 1 Spaces Libraries 5 0.12 10 1 Beauty and Nail Salons 0.60 2 Dining Area - For Family Dining 0.89

Lecture Hall (fixed seats) 7.5 0.06 150 1 Lobbies 5 0.06 150 1 Cells with Toilet 1.00 2 Dining Area - Other 0.65

Educational Art Classroom 10 0.18 20 2 Museums - Children's 7.5 0.12 40 1 Copy, Printing Rooms 0.50 2 Dormitory - Living Quarters 0.38
Facilities Science Laboratories 10 0.18 25 2 Museums/Galleries 7.5 0.06 40 1 Darkrooms 1.00 2 Electrical/Mechanical 0.95

University/College Laboratories 10 0.18 25 2 Dwelling Unit 5 0.06 - 1 Educational Science Labs 1.00 2 Food Preparation 0.99
Residential
Wood/Metal Shop 10 0.18 20 2 Common Corridors - 0.06 - 1 Janitor Closets, Trash/Rec. Rms 1.00 3 Hotel - Hotel Guest Rooms 1.11

Computer Lab 10 0.12 25 1 Sales (except as below) 7.5 0.12 15 2 Kitchenettes 0.30 2 Laboratory - For Classrooms 1.28

Media Center 10 0.12 25 1 Mall Common Areas 7.5 0.06 40 1 Kitchens, Commercial 0.70 2 Lab - For Medical/Industrial 1.81

Music/Theater/Dance 10 0.06 35 1 Barbershop 7.5 0.06 25 2 Lockers - Athletic, Ind., & Health 0.50 2 Library - Reading Area 0.93

Multiuse Assembly 7.5 0.06 100 1 Retail Beauty and Nail Salon 20 0.12 25 2 Shower Rooms - Cont. Exhaust 20 CFM/Unit 2 Library - Stacks 1.71

Restaurant Dining Rooms 7.5 0.18 70 2 Pet Shops (animal areas) 7.5 0.18 10 2 Shower Rooms - Inter. Exhaust 50 CFM/Unit 2 Lobby - For Elevator 0.64
Food and Cafeteria/Fast-Food Dining 7.5 0.18 100 2 Supermarket 7.5 0.06 8 1 Locker Rooms - All Other 0.25 2 Lobby - Other 0.90
Beverage
Services Bars, Cocktail Lounges 7.5 0.18 100 2 Coin-Operated Laundries 7.5 0.12 20 2 Paint Spray Booths - 4 Locker Room 0.75

Kitchen (cooking) 7.5 0.12 20 2 Gym, Sports Arena (play area) 20 0.18 7 2 Parking Garages 0.75 2 Lounge/Recreation 0.73

Break Rooms 5 0.06 25 1 Spectator Areas 7.5 0.06 150 1 Pet Shops (Animal Areas) 0.90 2 Office - Enclosed 1.11

Coffee Stations 5 0.06 20 1 Swimming (pool & deck) - 0.48 - 2 Refrigerating Machinery Rooms - 3 Office - Open Plan 0.98

General Conference/Meeting 5 0.06 50 1 Disco/Dance Floors 20 0.06 100 2 Res. Kitchens - Cont. Exhaust 50 CFM/Unit 2 Parking Garage - Garage Area 0.19
Sports and
Corridors - 0.06 - 1 Health Club - Aerobics Room 20 0.06 40 2 Res. Kitchens - Inter. Exhaust 100 CFM/Unit 2 Restrooms 0.98
Entertainment
Storage Rooms (Liquids or Gels) 5 0.12 2 2 Health Club - Weight Rooms 20 0.06 10 2 Soiled Laundry Storage Rooms 1.00 3 Sales Area 1.68

Bedroom/Living Room 5 0.06 10 1 Gambling Casinos 7.5 0.18 120 1 Storage Rooms, Chemical 1.50 4 Stairway 0.69

Barracks Sleeping Areas 5 0.06 20 1 Game Arcades 7.5 0.18 20 1 Toilets - Private - Cont. Exhaust 25 CFM/Unit 2 Storage 0.63
Hotels, Motels, Laundry Rooms - Central 5 0.12 10 2 Stages, Studios 10 0.06 70 1 Toilets - Private - Inter. Exhaust 50 CFM/Unit 2 Workshop 1.59
Resorts,
Dormitories Laundry Rooms - In Dwelling Units 5 0.12 10 1 Toilets - Public - Normal 50 CFM/Unit 2

Lobbies/Prefunction 7.5 0.06 30 1 Note: Table reduced to most common space types. See ASHRAE for full table. Toilets - Public - Heavy Use 70 CFM/Unit 2 Note: Table reduced to most common space
Multipurpose Assembly 5 0.06 120 1 Woodwork Shop/Classroom 0.50 2 types. See ASHRAE for full table

Breakrooms 5 0.12 50 1

Main Entry Lobbies 5 0.06 10 1 ASHRAE PEOPLE LOADS ASHRAE EQUIPMENT LOADS

Storage Rooms (Dry Materials) 5 0.06 2 1 Total Heat [Btu/h] Sensible Heat Latent Heat Load Factor
Office Buildings Space/Activity Type Type of Use Description
Office Space 5 0.06 5 1 Adult Male Adjusted, M/F [Btu/h] [Btu/h] [W/ft2]

Reception Areas 5 0.06 30 1 Seated at Theater - Matinee 390 330 225 105 100% Laptop - Light 167 ft2/workstation, all laptop use, 1 printer per 10, speakers, misc. 0.25

Telephone/Data Entry 5 0.06 60 1 Seated at Theater - Night 390 350 245 105 100% Laptop - Medium 125 ft2/workstation, all laptop use, 1 printer per 10, speakers, misc. 0.33

Bank Vaults/Safe Deposit 5 0.06 5 2 Seated, Very Light Work 450 400 245 155 50% Laptop - Light 167 ft2/workstation, 50% laptop use/50% desktop, 1 printer per 10, speakers, misc. 0.40

Banks or Bank Lobbies 7.5 0.06 15 1 Moderately Active Office Work 475 450 250 200 50% Laptop - Medium 125 ft2/workstation, 50% laptop use/50% desktop, 1 printer per 10, speakers, misc. 0.50

Computer (not printing) 5 0.06 4 1 Standing, Light Work; Walking 550 450 250 200 100% Desktop - Light 167 ft2/workstation, all desktop use, 1 printer per 10, speakers, misc. 0.60

Freezer / Refr. Spaces (<50°F) 10 0.00 0 2 Walking, Standing - Drug Store, Bank 550 500 250 250 100% Desktop - Medium 125 ft2/workstation, all desktop use, 1 printer per 10, speakers, misc. 0.80

General Manufacturing 10 0.18 7 3 Sedentary Work - Restraurant 490 550 275 275 100% Desktop - Two Monitors 125 ft2/workstation, all desktop use, 2 monitors, 1 printer per 10, speakers, misc. 1.00

Miscellaneous Pharmacy (prep. area) 5 0.18 10 2 Light Bench Work - Factory 800 750 275 475 100% Desktop - Heavy 85 ft2/workstation, all desktop use, 2 monitors, 1 printer per 8, speakers, misc. 1.50
Spaces Photo Studios 5 0.12 10 1 Moderate Dancing - Dance Hall 900 850 305 545 100% Desktop - Full On 85 ft2/workstation, all desktop use, 2 monitors, 1 printer per 8, speakers, misc., no diversity. 2.00

Shipping/Receiving 10 0.12 2 2 Walking 3 mph; Light Mach. Work 1000 1000 375 625

Sorting, Packing, Light Assembly 7.5 0.12 7 2 Bowling - Bowling Alley 1500 1450 580 870

Telephone Closets - 0.00 - 1 Heavy Work - Factory 1500 1450 580 870

Transporation Waiting 7.5 0.06 100 1 Heavy Mach. Work; Lifting - Factory 1600 1600 635 965

Warehouses 10 0.06 - 2 Athletics - Gymnasium 2000 1800 710 1090