Test Bank For Biology Science For Life With Physiology 5 e Colleen M Belk Virginia Borden Maier

Test Bank for Biology: Science for Life with Physiology, 5/E Colleen M.
Belk, Virginia Borde
Test Bank for Biology: Science for Life with

Physiology, 5/E Colleen M. Belk, Virginia Borden
Maier
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Biology: Science for Life with Physiology, 5e (Belk)
Chapter 9 Genetically Modified Organisms: Gene Expression, Mutation,
Stem Cells, and Cloning
1) What building blocks form a DNA molecule?

A) amino acids
B) nucleotides
C) fatty acid chains
D) polysaccharides
Answer: B
Section: 9.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension (Remember/Understand)
Learning Outcome: 9.1
2) Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in a DNA molecule?

A) cytosine
B) thymine
C) uracil
D) guanine
Answer: B
Section: 9.1
3) What molecule does a sequence of DNA typically code for?

A) protein
B) lipid
C) monosaccharide
D) nucleotide
Answer: A
Section: 9.1
Skill: Comprehension/Application (Understand/Apply)
4) What determines the structure of a protein?

A) the number of amino acids it contains
B) the sequence of the amino acids it contains
C) the function of the nucleic acids it contains
D) the number of fatty acids it contains
Answer: B
Section: 9.1
1
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
5) What nitrogenous bases are found in a molecule of RNA (ribonucleic acid)?
A) adenine, guanine, thymine, and uracil
B) uracil, adenine, guanine, and adenosine
C) thymine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine
D) adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
Answer: D
Section: 9.1
6) Which molecule remains in the nucleus during protein synthesis?

A) DNA
B) tRNA
C) mRNA
D) rRNA
Answer: A
Section: 9.1
7) What sequence of events usually occurs in the process of protein synthesis?

A) Protein → RNA → DNA
B) RNA → DNA → protein
C) DNA → RNA → protein
D) RNA → protein → DNA
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
8) Which complementary base pairings occur between DNA and RNA?

A) A to T and C to G
B) T to C and A to G
C) G to C and A to U
D) C to U and A to T
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
2
9) What process copies a sequence of DNA nucleotides into a complementary sequence of RNA
nucleotides?
A) translation
B) mutation
C) transcription
D) duplication
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
10) Which RNA molecule carries the sequence of nucleotides that determines the order of amino
acids in a protein?
A) transfer RNA
B) ribosomal RNA
C) messenger RNA
D) translator RNA
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
11) To what does RNA polymerase bind to begin the process of transcription?
A) promoter
B) structural gene
C) codon
D) anticodon
Answer: A
Section: 9.1
12) Which molecule is not directly involved in the process of translation?

A) ribosome
B) tRNA
C) mRNA
D) DNA
Answer: D
Section: 9.1
3
13) What regulates the rate of production of cellular proteins within each cell?
A) redundancy in the genetic code
B) frameshift mutations
C) gene expression
D) ambiguity in the genetic code
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
14) What process resulted in a dramatic increase in milk production in modern dairy cows?
A) the insertion of beta carotene in the cow genome
B) the use of recombinant bovine growth hormone
C) frameshift mutations in the DNA of the cows
D) the use of gene guns to insert new genes into the cow mammary tissues
Answer: B
Section: 9.1
15) Which structure is found in the nucleotides of DNA but not in RNA?
A) a sugar
B) a phosphate group
C) deoxyribose
D) a nitrogen-containing base
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
16) How does RNA differ from DNA?

A) RNA is contained in the nucleus.
B) RNA doesn't contain a sugar.
C) RNA is single-stranded.
D) RNA takes part in transcription.
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
4
17) When genes are copied (in transcription), what form does the resulting copy take?
A) complementary strand of DNA
B) strand of mRNA
C) molecule of tRNA
D) palindrome
Answer: B
Section: 9.1
18) If the process of protein synthesis in a cell is analogous to a politician's speech being written
down by a reporter and then converted into a different language before being published, then to
what does the initial step (being written down by a reporter) correspond?
A) transcription
B) translation
C) genetic recombination
D) cloning
Answer: A
Section: 9.1
Skill: Application/Analysis (Apply/Analyze)
19) What is the nucleotide sequence on a section of DNA where transcription begins?
A) polymerase
B) palindrome
C) promoter
D) codon
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
20) Which molecule serves as the template during transcription?

A) DNA
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) polymerase
Answer: A
Section: 9.1
5
21) Which molecule serves as the template during translation?
A) DNA
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) polymerase
Answer: B
Section: 9.1
22) What structures form the subunits of ribosomes?

A) mRNA and DNA
B) tRNA and mRNA
C) rRNA and proteins
D) DNA and proteins
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
23) What is the function of tRNA molecules during translation?

A) They unzip double-stranded mRNA.
B) They serve as the starting point for RNA polymerase.
C) They carry amino acids to the ribosome.
D) They encode the instructions for protein synthesis.
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
24) Which structure always contains three nucleotides?

A) tRNA
B) an anticodon
C) mRNA
D) ribosome
Answer: B
Section: 9.1
6
25) What type of bond forms between amino acids at the ribosome during translation?
A) peptide
B) ester
C) phosphodiester
D) hydrogen
Answer: A
Section: 9.1
26) What signal, when present at the ribosome, causes protein synthesis to end?
A) DNA
B) tRNA
C) a stop codon
D) RNA polymerase
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
27) Which amino acid always begins a polypeptide (protein) during translation?
A) valine
B) phenylalanine
C) methionine
D) arginine
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
Learning Outcome: 9.3, 9.4
28) What type of mutation produces no significant change in a functional protein?

A) frameshift mutation
B) substitution mutation
C) normal mutation
D) neutral mutation
Answer: D
Section: 9.1
7
29) What action results when activators present near a gene are "turned on"?
A) increased transcription
B) decreased gene expression
C) unwinding of the DNA double helix
D) a shift in the reading frame
Answer: A
Section: 9.1
30) Which situation would allow gene expression to continue?

A) X-chromosome inactivation
B) an increase in proteases
C) an increase in repressor proteins
D) a reduction in nucleases
Answer: D
Section: 9.1
31) Which nitrogenous base percentage is complementary to the 22% guanine found in a double-
stranded DNA molecule?
A) 22% thymine
B) 22% cytosine
C) 44% adenine
D) 48% thymine
Answer: B
Section: 9.1
32) Imagine that a mutation in a DNA molecule results in the codon CCU being changed to
CCC. Both of these codons code for proline. What characteristic accounts for the fact that more
than one codon can code for the same amino acid?
A) the ambiguity of the genetic code
B) the redundancy of the genetic code
C) the universality of the genetic code
D) mutations in the genetic code
Answer: B
Section: 9.1
8
33) A point mutation results in the incorporation of a new amino acid in a protein. Which
structure(s) would most likely result?
A) an incomplete protein that still functions normally
B) an altered protein, which could result in a genetic disease
C) two proteins produced instead of one
D) a protein with no change in function
Answer: B
Section: 9.1
34) Which structure could be incorporated into a protein?

A) alanine
B) ribonucleic acid
C) thymine
D) uracil
Answer: A
Section: 9.1
35) What does gene regulation in eukaryotic cells include?

A) activators that help RNA polymerase bind to the promoter
B) repressors that prevent DNA polymerase from binding
C) activation of the X chromosome
D) degradation of nucleases by mRNA
Answer: A
Section: 9.1
36) If a DNA sequence of a gene reads, in part, TAACAGGTCA, what is the sequence of the
complementary strand of DNA?
A) ATTGTCCAGT
B) AUUGUCCAGU
C) UUACAGGUCC
D) CTTGTGGACC
Answer: A
Section: 9.1
9
37) According to the figure, what difference is shown between DNA and RNA?
A) the presence of a nitrogen-containing base
B) the presence of a phosphate group
C) the type of sugar present
D) the presence of guanine
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
10
38) Which items are not analogous to each other according to this figure?
A) protein; cake
B) amino acids; flour, sugar, and eggs
C) tRNA; copy of recipe
D) genome in nucleus; cookbook on shelf
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
39) What sequence of mRNA is made from the gene TTACAGGTCC?

A) UUACAGGUCC
B) AATGTCCAGG
C) AAUGUCCAGG
D) GGAGTGGACC
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
40) Which polymer is made of nucleotides?

A) nuclease
B) mRNA
C) proline
D) RNA polymerase
Answer: B
Section: 9.1
11
41) Which structure "unzips" the double helix of DNA?
A) an anticodon
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) RNA polymerase
Answer: D
Section: 9.1
42) What situation results from a frameshift mutation?

A) One or two nucleotides are added or deleted in a DNA strand.
B) Amino acids are assembled into normal, functional proteins.
C) The DNA is always modified in such a way that protein synthesis is prevented.
D) An amino acid is substituted with a similar one that has no effect on protein synthesis.
Answer: A
Section: 9.1
43) How are proteins changed to become recombinant proteins?

A) from chemicals in the lab
B) by genetically modified bacteria
C) more potent or more highly concentrated before their use
D) directly from deoxyribonucleic acids, thus bypassing transcription and translation
Answer: B
Section: 9.2
44) What term describes all the genes in an organism?

A) palindrome
B) genome
C) genetic code
D) reading frame
Answer: B
Section: 9.2
12
45) Which foods or food ingredients are regulated by the FDA to ensure food safety?
A) vitamin tablets
B) cheese
C) sirloin steaks
D) chicken wings
Answer: B
Section: 9.2
46) What are the "highly specific molecular scissors" that cut DNA?
A) plasmids
B) anticodons
C) codons
D) restriction enzymes
Answer: D
Section: 9.2
47) In genetics, what are palindromes?

A) the types of DNA sequences that are cut out by restriction enzymes
B) the A-T complementary bases of DNA
C) the C-G complementary bases of DNA
D) the A-U base pairing between DNA and mRNA
Answer: A
Section: 9.2
48) What molecular structure is used by geneticists to insert foreign DNA into a recipient
bacterial cell that will replicate the foreign DNA?
A) codon
B) anticodon
C) genome
D) plasmid
Answer: D
Section: 9.2
13
49) Which food item is least likely to be considered genetically modified?
A) microwave popcorn
B) potato chips
C) a candy bar
D) a head of broccoli
Answer: D
Section: 9.3
50) Why might crop plants be genetically modified?

A) to decrease pesticide resistance in the plants
B) to make the plants more resistant to freezing
C) to reduce the amount of fat in the plants
D) to increase the incidence of galls in the plants
Answer: B
Section: 9.3
51) Which situation may result from genetically modifying foods?

A) rice that allows greater synthesis of vitamin A
B) calorie-free potato chips
C) a tomato that tastes like a melon
D) lettuce that doesn't require water to grow
Answer: A
Section: 9.3
52) What possible harmful environmental effects are of concern regarding GM crops?
A) the decreased use of herbicides when GM crops are herbicide-resistant
B) the transfer of genetically modified genes to weedy relatives
C) the reduction of genetic diversity in all crops
D) an increase in allergic reactions in sensitive humans
Answer: B
Section: 9.3
14
53) Why have tomatoes been genetically modified?
A) to improve absorption of vitamins in the human body
B) to grow rapidly before temperatures fall below freezing
C) to kill insect pests on contact
D) to have a longer shelf life in grocery stores
Answer: D
Section: 9.3
54) Why was β-carotene inserted into GM golden rice?

A) to better synthesize proteins in the body
B) to see better under low light conditions
C) to more efficiently digest his or her starchy diet
D) to better synthesize vitamin A in the body
Answer: D
Section: 9.3
55) What are genetically modified organisms (GMOs) also called?

A) artificial crop plants
B) artificially selected organisms
C) transgenic organisms
D) mutant crop plants
Answer: C
Section: 9.3
56) Which is an example of gene therapy?

A) replacing a failing heart with a new heart from a genetically matched donor
B) injecting human factor VIII protein into hemophiliacs with a defective factor VIII gene
C) infecting a cystic fibrosis patient with a virus carrying a working copy of the cystic fibrosis
gene
D) providing therapeutic drugs to a patient experiencing high blood pressure
Answer: C
Section: 9.4
15
57) Which type of disease condition could be successfully treated by gene therapy?
A) a disease caused by a nonfunctional enzyme in the body
B) a disease caused by excess fat intake
C) a disease caused by bacterial infection
D) a cancer caused by uncontrolled cell division
Answer: A
Section: 9.4
58) What are the undifferentiated cells that can be used in therapeutic cloning?
A) plasmid cells
B) stem cells
C) somatic cells
D) transgenic cells
Answer: B
Section: 9.4
59) What changes should result from using stem cells in therapeutic cloning?
A) healthy tissues
B) new genomes
C) model organisms
D) reproductive clones
Answer: A
Section: 9.4
Learning Outcome: 9.11, 9.12
60) What process is used to clone animals like the famous sheep "Dolly"?
A) gene therapy
B) using a gene gun
C) stem cell research
D) nuclear transfer
Answer: D
Section: 9.4
16
61) What is pharming?
A) the use of genetically modified crops with organic pesticides
B) the use of genetically modified organisms to produce medical treatments
C) the use of gene guns to produce genetically modified fish species
D) the use of genetically modified organisms that are photosynthetic
Answer: B
Section: 9.3
62) How have Alaskan salmon been genetically modified?

A) Bacterial genes have been inserted to resist invasive diseases.
B) Genes from freshwater algae have been inserted for an internal energy source.
C) Growth hormone genes from a faster growing fish species have been inserted.
D) Genes for the overproduction of essential fatty acids have been inserted.
Answer: C
Section: 9.3
63) Why are the sterile transgenic salmon of concern for local streams?
A) Transgenic salmon may introduce resistant bacteria to the ecosystem.
B) Transgenic salmon may cause eutrophication of the local streams.
C) Transgenic salmon may spread cancer-causing genes in the fish population.
D) Transgenic salmon may still reproduce with wild species and disrupt the food web.
Answer: D
Section: 9.3
64) How have goats been used in pharming?

A) to produce human clotting factor in their milk
B) to produce human insulin in their pancreas
C) to produce skin cells for burn patients in their epidermis
D) to produce antimicrobial fibers in their hair
Answer: A
Section: 9.3
17
Test Bank for Biology: Science for Life with Physiology, 5/E Colleen M. Belk, Virginia Borde
65) In what tissues can adult stem cells be found?

A) Stem cells are found only in embryonic tissues.
B) Adult stem cells can be found in bone marrow and the liver.
C) Stem cells can be found in any tissue that reproduces.
D) Adult stem cells are found in hair and fingernail tissues.
Answer: A
Section: 9.4
66) What ability is found in stem cells that are totipotent?

A) Totipotent cells can only develop into blood cells.
B) Totipotent cells can develop into any cell type.
C) Totipotent cells can transform skin into muscle cells.
D) Totipotent cells can change the genetic code of an organism.
Answer: B
Section: 9.4
18
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1) What building blocks form a DNA molecule?

2) Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in a DNA molecule?

3) What molecule does a sequence of DNA typically code for?

4) What determines the structure of a protein?

6) Which molecule remains in the nucleus during protein synthesis?

7) What sequence of events usually occurs in the process of protein synthesis?

8) Which complementary base pairings occur between DNA and RNA?

12) Which molecule is not directly involved in the process of translation?

16) How does RNA differ from DNA?

20) Which molecule serves as the template during transcription?

22) What structures form the subunits of ribosomes?

23) What is the function of tRNA molecules during translation?

24) Which structure always contains three nucleotides?

28) What type of mutation produces no significant change in a functional protein?

30) Which situation would allow gene expression to continue?

34) Which structure could be incorporated into a protein?

35) What does gene regulation in eukaryotic cells include?

39) What sequence of mRNA is made from the gene TTACAGGTCC?

40) Which polymer is made of nucleotides?

42) What situation results from a frameshift mutation?

43) How are proteins changed to become recombinant proteins?

44) What term describes all the genes in an organism?

47) In genetics, what are palindromes?

50) Why might crop plants be genetically modified?

51) Which situation may result from genetically modifying foods?

54) Why was β-carotene inserted into GM golden rice?

55) What are genetically modified organisms (GMOs) also called?

56) Which is an example of gene therapy?

62) How have Alaskan salmon been genetically modified?

64) How have goats been used in pharming?

65) In what tissues can adult stem cells be found?

66) What ability is found in stem cells that are totipotent?

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