Compact Advanced

Unit Page Headword Part of speech Pronunciation Definition

Unit 1 8 alarmed adjective əˈlɑːmd worried or frightened by something
Unit 1 8 appalled adjective əˈpɔːld very shocked and feeling great disapproval
If news or a story breaks, or if someone breaks it, it becomes known by the public for the
Unit 1 12 break verb breɪk first time.
Unit 1 11 circulation noun ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən the number of people that a newspaper or magazine is regularly sold to
Unit 1 14 contrary to adjective + preposition ˈkɒntrəri tuː opposite to what someone said or thought
Unit 1 14 conversely adverb kənˈvɜːsli in an opposite way
Unit 1 11 cover verb ˈkʌvə to report the news about a particular important event
Unit 1 10 current affairs noun (plural) ˌkʌrənt əˈfeəz political news about events happening now
The demography of an area is the number and characteristics of the people who live in
Unit 1 10 demography noun dɪˈmɒgrəfi an area, in relation to their age, sex, if they are married or not, etc.
Unit 1 8 disgusted adjective dɪsˈgʌstɪd feeling extreme dislike or disapproval of something
Unit 1 8 distressed adjective dɪˈstrest upset or worried
to write down a document for the first time, including the main points but not all the
Unit 1 11 draft verb drɑːft details
Unit 1 8 helpless adjective ˈhelpləs unable to do anything to help yourself or anyone else
unable to control your feelings or behaviour because you are extremely frightened,
Unit 1 8 hysterical adjective hɪˈsterɪkəl angry, excited, etc.
Unit 1 13 imply verb ɪmˈplaɪ to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly
to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you
Unit 1 13 infer verb ɪnˈfɜː have
Unit 1 8 irritated adjective ˈɪrɪteɪtɪd annoyed
Unit 1 8 overwhelmed adjective ˌəʊvəˈwelmd feeling sudden strong emotion
Unit 1 11 phenomenon noun fəˈnɒmɪnən something that exists or happens, especially something unusual or interesting
Unit 1 11 readership noun ˈriːdəʃɪp the group of people who regularly read a particular newspaper, magazine, etc.
Unit 1 11 revenue noun ˈrevənjuː the income that a government or company receives regularly
Unit 1 11 run verb rʌn to publish something in a newspaper or magazine
Unit 1 12 source noun sɔːs someone or something that supplies information
Unit 1 8 speechless adjective ˈspiːtʃləs unable to speak because you are so angry, shocked, surprised, etc.
an amount of money that you pay regularly to receive a product or service or to be a
Unit 1 11 subscription noun səbˈskrɪpʃən member of an organisation
Unit 1 11 tablet noun ˈtæblət a small, flat computer that is controlled by touching the screen or by using a special pen
Unit 1 10 transition noun trænˈzɪʃən a change from one form or type to another, or the process by which this happens
Unit 1 8 unsafe adjective ʌnˈseɪf not safe
Unit 2 17 allude to phrasal verb əˈluːd tuː to mention someone or something without talking about them directly
the sound of people clapping their hands repeatedly to show enjoyment or approval of
Unit 2 20 applause noun əˈplɔːz something such as a performance or speech
(of a person) able to use two languages equally well, or (of a thing) using or involving two
Unit 2 19 bilingual adjective baɪˈlɪŋgwəl languages
Unit 2 23 chilly adjective ˈtʃɪli (of weather, conditions in a room, or parts of the body) cold
Unit 2 17 discourse noun ˈdɪskɔːs a speech or piece of writing about a particular, usually serious, subject
Unit 2 23 edible adjective ˈedɪbl̩ suitable or safe for eating
Unit 2 17 enhanced adjective ɪnˈhɑːnst improved
Unit 2 17 ethically adverb ˈeθɪkli in a way that is morally right
Unit 2 20 feast noun fiːst a day on which a religious event or person is remembered and celebrated
Unit 2 20 gathering noun ˈgæðərɪŋ a party or a meeting when many people come together as a group
Unit 2 17 hence adverb hens that is the reason or explanation for something
Unit 2 19 inevitably adverb ɪnˈevɪtəbli in a way that cannot be avoided
Unit 2 20 itinerary noun aɪˈtɪnərəri a detailed plan or route of a journey
Unit 2 19 luxurious adjective lʌgˈʒʊəriəs very comfortable and expensive
Unit 2 19 mislead verb ˌmɪsˈliːd to cause someone to believe something that is not true
If someone is motivated by a particular desire or belief, that desire or belief causes them
Unit 2 17 motivated adjective ˈməʊtɪˌveɪtɪd to behave in the way that they do.
Unit 2 17 negligible adjective ˈneglɪdʒəbl̩ too slight or small in amount to be of importance
Unit 2 19 outnumber verb ˌaʊtˈnʌmbə to be greater in number than someone or something
Unit 2 19 overcrowded adjective ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd containing too many people or things
Unit 2 20 participant noun pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt a person who takes part in or becomes involved in a particular activity
a line of people who are all walking or travelling in the same direction, especially in a
Unit 2 20 procession noun prəˈseʃən formal way as part of a religious ceremony or public celebration
Unit 2 19 redevelop verb ˌriːdɪˈveləp to change an area of a town by replacing old buildings, roads, etc. with new ones
Unit 2 19 refreshed adjective rɪˈfreʃt less hot or tired
Unit 2 17 scenario noun sɪˈnɑːriəʊ a description of possible actions or events
If something bad is symptomatic of something else, it is caused by the other thing and is
Unit 2 17 symptomatic adjective ˌsɪmptəˈmætɪk proof that it exists.
Unit 2 19 unspoilt adjective ʌnˈspɔɪlt not changed or damaged by people
Unit 2 16 voluntary adjective ˈvɒləntəri Voluntary work is done without being paid and usually involves helping people.
Unit 2 17 whilst conjunction waɪlst while
Unit 2 23 workshop noun ˈwɜːkʃɒp a meeting of people to discuss and/or perform practical work in a subject or activity
Unit 3 29 be inclined to expression bi ɪnˈklaɪnd tuː to have an opinion about something, but not a strong opinion
Unit 3 24 close-knit adjective ˌkləʊsˈnɪt describes a group of people in which everyone helps and supports each other
Unit 3 27 come up with phrasal verb kʌm ʌp wɪð to suggest or think of an idea or plan
Unit 3 24 distant relative noun ˌdɪstənt ˈrelətɪv someone in your family who is not closely related
Unit 3 24 dysfunctional adjective dɪsˈfʌŋkʃənəl not behaving or working normally
a family unit that includes grandmothers, grandfathers, aunts and uncles, etc. in addition
Unit 3 24 extended family noun ɪkˌstendɪd ˈfæməli to parents and children
a person who acts as the parent of someone else's child for a limited period, without
Unit 3 24 foster parent noun ˈfɒstə ˌpeərənt becoming their legal parent
Unit 3 28 keep a low profile expression ˌkiːp ə ləʊ ˈprəʊfaɪl to avoid attracting attention to yourself
Unit 3 28 keep a straight face expression ˌkiːp ə streɪt ˈfeɪs to manage to stop yourself from smiling or laughing
Unit 3 28 keep an eye out for expression ˌkiːp ən ˈaɪ aʊt fɔː to watch carefully for someone or something to appear
Unit 3 28 keep someone posted expression ˌkiːp sʌmwʌn ˈpəʊstɪd to make sure that someone always knows what is happening
Unit 3 28 keep track of expression ˌkiːp ˈtræk əv to continue to know about something
Unit 3 28 keep your cool expression ˌkiːp jɔː ˈkuːl to stay calm
Unit 3 28 keep your fingers crossed expression ˌkiːp jɔː ˈfɪŋɡəz ˌkrɒst to hope that things will happen in the way that you want them to
Unit 3 28 keep your word expression ˌkiːp jɔː ˈwɜːd to do what you said you would
Unit 3 24 lifelong adjective ˈlaɪflɒŋ lasting for the whole of a person's life
Unit 3 24 lone parent noun ˌləʊn ˈpeərənt someone who has a child or children, but no partner living with them
Unit 3 27 meet up phrasal verb miːt ʌp to meet another person in order to do something together
(of two or more people or groups) feeling the same emotion, or doing the same thing to
Unit 3 24 mutual adjective ˈmjuːtʃuəl or for each other
Unit 3 30 neutral adjective ˈnjuːtrəl neither formal nor informal
Unit 3 27 spring up phrasal verb sprɪŋ ʌp to appear suddenly
Unit 3 24 stable adjective ˈsteɪbl̩ not likely to change or end suddenly
to defend yourself against a powerful person or organisation when they treat you
Unit 3 28 stand up to phrasal verb stænd ʌp tuː unfairly
used when you mention something in addition to all the other (bad) things that have
Unit 3 31 to cap it all expression tə ˈkæp ɪt ˌɔːl happened
Unit 4 36 affluent adjective ˈæfluənt having a lot of money or owning a lot of things
a usually public sale of goods or property, where people make higher and higher bids
Unit 4 34 auction noun ˈɔːkʃən (=offers of money) for each thing, until the thing is sold to the person who will pay most
Unit 4 33 back out phrasal verb bæk aʊt to decide not to do something that you said you would do
to help a person or organisation that is in difficulty, usually by giving or lending them
Unit 4 33 bail out phrasal verb beɪl aʊt money
Unit 4 36 bankrupt adjective ˈbæŋkrʌpt declared by law as unable to pay what you owe
Unit 4 34 bid noun bɪd an offer of a particular amount of money for something that is for sale
Unit 4 36 break even expression ˌbreɪk ˈiːvən to have no profit or loss at the end of a business activity
Unit 4 35 by and large expression ˌbaɪ ænd ˈlɑːdʒ when everything about a situation is considered together
Unit 4 34 deduct verb dɪˈdʌkt to take away an amount or part from a total
Unit 4 35 first and foremost expression ˌfɜːst ənd ˈfɔːməʊst more than anything else
Unit 4 35 for a start expression ˌfɔːr ə ˈstɑːt first, or as the first in a set of things
Unit 4 35 for good expression fɔː ˈgʊd for ever
a particular period of time for which something has been happening, or that is needed
Unit 4 35 for the time being expression fɔː ðə ˈtaɪm biːɪŋ for something
Unit 4 36 funds noun (plural) fʌndz money needed or available to spend on something
Unit 4 36 gross adjective grəʊs A gross amount of money has not had taxes or other costs taken from it.
Unit 4 36 interest noun ˈɪntrəst money that is charged by a bank or other financial organisation for borrowing money
used after a negative statement to emphasise how unlikely a situation is because
Unit 4 35 let alone expression ˌlet əˈləʊn something much more likely has never happened
Unit 4 34 make a loss expression ˌmeɪk ə ˈlɒs to lose more money than you make
Unit 4 36 make ends meet expression ˌmeɪk endz ˈmiːt to have just enough money to pay for the things that you need
Unit 4 35 other than expression ˈʌðə ðæn in a negative sentence, used to mean 'except'
having taken more money out of your bank account than the account contained, or (of a
Unit 4 36 overdrawn adjective ˌəʊvəˈdrɔːn bank account) having had more money taken from it than was originally in it
describes a system in which you pay for a service before you use it and you cannot use
Unit 4 34 pay-as-you-go adjective ˌpeɪəzjəˈgəʊ more than you have paid for
Unit 4 34 procedure noun prəˈsiːdʒə a set of actions that is the official or accepted way of doing something
Unit 4 36 prosperous adjective ˈprɒspərəs successful, usually by earning a lot of money
Unit 4 36 rip-off noun (informal) ˈrɪpɒf something that is not worth what you pay for it
to spend a lot of money on buying things, especially on things that are pleasant to have
Unit 4 33 splash out on phrasal verb splæʃ aʊt ɒn but that you do not need
Unit 4 35 subject to expression ˈsʌbdʒekt tuː to have or experience a particular thing, especially something unpleasant
an occasion when someone buys or sells something, or when money is exchanged or the
Unit 4 34 transaction noun trænˈzækʃən activity of buying or selling something
Unit 4 36 unaffordable adjective ˌʌnəˈfɔːdəbl̩ too expensive for people to be able to buy or pay for
Unit 4 36 well-off adjective ˌwelˈɒf rich
Unit 4 35 with a view to doing something expression wɪð ə ˈvjuː tu duːɪŋ sʌmθɪŋ with the aim of doing something

a painful swelling on the skin that contains liquid, caused usually by continuous rubbing,
Unit 5 42 blister noun ˈblɪstə especially on your foot, or by burning
describes medical work or teaching that relates to the examination and treatment of ill
Unit 5 40 clinical adjective ˈklɪnɪkəl people
Unit 5 44 comparable adjective ˈkɒmpərəbl̩ similar in size, amount, or quality to something else
Unit 5 44 competence noun ˈkɒmpɪtəns the ability to do something well
Unit 5 40 conscious adjective ˈkɒnʃəs awake, thinking, and knowing what is happening around you
Unit 5 43 conventional wisdom noun kənˈvenʃənəl ˌwɪzdəm beliefs or opinions that have existed for a long time and that most people agree with
Unit 5 42 dislocate verb ˈdɪsləkeɪt to force a bone suddenly out of its correct position
Unit 5 45 first-rate adjective ˌfɜːstˈreɪt extremely good
Unit 5 42 fracture verb ˈfræktʃə If a bone fractures or is fractured, it breaks or cracks.
to pass a disease to a person, animal, or plant; If a place, wound, or substance is
Unit 5 40 infect verb ɪnˈfekt infected, it contains bacteria or other things that can cause disease.
Unit 5 43 make a point of expression meɪk ə ˈpɔɪnt əv to always do something or to take particular care to do something
as you would expect; added to, or used to introduce, a remark giving information that is
Unit 5 43 needless to say expression ˈniːdləs tə seɪ expected and not surprising
Unit 5 43 on the grounds that expression ɒn ðə ˈɡraʊndz ðæt a reason for what you do or say, or for being allowed to say or do something
a person who is trained to do medical work, especially in an emergency, but who is not a
Unit 5 41 paramedic noun ˌpærəˈmedɪk doctor or nurse
Unit 5 44 pointless adjective ˈpɔɪntləs Something that is pointless has no purpose and it is a waste of time doing it
Unit 5 43 relief noun rɪˈliːf rest from something difficult
Unit 5 44 skilful adjective ˈskɪlfəl good at doing something, especially because you have practised doing it
Unit 5 44 specific adjective spəˈsɪfɪk relating to one thing and not others; clear and exact
to cause an injury to a joint (= place where two bones are connected) by a sudden
Unit 5 42 sprain verb spreɪn movement
Unit 5 44 statistical adjective stəˈtɪstɪkəl relating to statistics
If you strike a balance between two things, you accept parts of both things in order to
satisfy some of the demands of both sides in an argument, rather than all the demands
Unit 5 43 strike a balance expression straɪk ə ˈbæləns of just one side
Unit 5 44 summarise verb ˈsʌməraɪz to express the most important facts or ideas in a short and clear form
Unit 5 40 surgeon noun ˈsɜːdʒən a doctor who is specially trained to perform medical operations
Unit 5 40 surgical adjective ˈsɜːdʒɪkəl connected with or used for medical operations
Unit 5 42 swelling noun ˈswelɪŋ a part of your body that has become bigger because of illness or injury
Unit 5 43 take issue with expression ˌteɪk ˈɪʃ.uː wɪð to disagree with strongly
Unit 5 43 take note of expression ˌteɪk nəʊt əv to give attention to something, especially because it is important
Unit 6 48 acclaimed adjective əˈkleɪmd praised and approved of
to give something to someone as their share of a total amount, for them to use in a
unit 6 51 allocate verb ˈæləkeɪt particular way
Unit 6 48 anticipate verb ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt to imagine or expect that something will happen
Unit 6 48 appalling adjective əˈpɔːlɪŋ shocking and very bad
Unit 6 51 assign verb əˈsaɪn If you assign a time for a job or activity, you decide it will be done during that time.
Unit 6 54 brutal adjective ˈbruːtəl cruel, violent, and completely without feelings
Unit 6 48 distinctive adjective dɪˈstɪŋktɪv Something that is distinctive is easy to recognise because it is different from other things.
Unit 6 51 evaluate verb ɪˈvæljueɪt to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount, or value of something
Unit 6 51 exhibit noun ɪgˈzɪbɪt an object that is shown to the public in a museum, etc.
Unit 6 51 exposure noun ɪkˈspəʊʒə the fact of something bad that someone has done being made public
Unit 6 54 far-fetched adjective ˌfɑːˈfetʃt very unlikely to be true, and difficult to believe
Unit 6 54 gloomy adjective ˈgluːmi unhappy and without hope
describes something that is so interesting or exciting that it holds your attention
Unit 6 54 gripping adjective ˈgrɪpɪŋ completely
Unit 6 48 hilarious adjective hɪˈleəriəs extremely funny and causing a lot of laughter
Unit 6 48 imaginative adjective ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv new, original, and clever; good at thinking of new, original, and clever ideas
Unit 6 51 outdated adjective ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd old-fashioned and therefore not as good or as fashionable as something modern
If something or someone is overrated, they are considered to be better or more
Unit 6 48 overrated adjective ˌəʊvəˈreɪtɪd important than they really are.
Unit 6 54 predictable adjective prɪˈdɪktəbl̩ happening or behaving in a way that you expect and not unusual or interesting
trying to appear or sound more important or clever than you are, especially in matters of
Unit 6 54 pretentious adjective prɪˈtenʃəs art and literature
Unit 6 51 renovate verb ˈrenəveɪt to repair and improve something, especially a building
achieved in a quiet way that does not attract attention to itself and is therefore good or
Unit 6 54 subtle adjective ˈsʌtəl clever
Unit 6 48 tedious adjective ˈtiːdiəs boring
Unit 6 48 unconventional adjective ˌʌnkənˈvenʃənəl different from what is usual or from the way most people do things
Unit 6 54 unconvincing adjective ˌʌnkənˈvɪnsɪŋ If an explanation or story is unconvincing, it does not sound or seem true or real.
Unit 6 54 uninspired adjective ˌʌnɪnˈspaɪəd not exciting or interesting
Unit 6 51 urge verb ɜːdʒ to strongly advise or try to persuade someone to do a particular thing
Unit 6 48 utterly adverb ˈʌtəli completely
Unit 6 49 view verb vjuː to look at or watch something
 someone or something that is new and different and makes everything seem more
Unit 7 61 a breath of fresh air expression ə ˌbreθ əv freʃ ˈeə exciting
Unit 7 61 a drop in the ocean expression ə ˌdrɒp ɪn ðiː ˈəʊʃən a very small amount compared to the amount needed
Unit 7 58 commuter noun kəˈmjuːtə someone who regularly travels between work and home
Unit 7 58 congestion noun kənˈdʒestʃən traffic on roads or in towns, making movement difficult
Unit 7 58 consumption noun kənˈsʌmpʃən the amount used or eaten
Unit 7 57 designated adjective ˈdezɪɡneɪtɪd officially having the stated purpose
Unit 7 61 down to earth expression ˌdaʊn tuː ˈɜːθ sensible and practical
Unit 7 56 drought noun draʊt a long period when there is little or no rain
Unit 7 56 emission noun ɪˈmɪʃən an amount of gas, heat, light, etc. that is sent out
Unit 7 58 exhaust fumes noun (plural) ɪgˈzɔːst ˌfjuːmz the waste gas from an engine, especially a car's
Unit 7 56 extinct adjective ɪkˈstɪŋkt not now existing
fuels, such as gas, coal and oil, that were formed underground from plant and animal
Unit 7 56 fossil fuel noun ˈfɒsəl ˌfjʊəl remains millions of years ago
a situation where roads in a town become so blocked by cars that it is impossible for any
Unit 7 58 gridlock noun ˈgrɪdlɒk traffic to move
Unit 7 56 habitat noun ˈhæbɪtæt the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually lives
Unit 7 56 ice cap noun ˈaɪs ˌkæp a thick layer of ice that permanently covers an area of land
Unit 7 61 keep your head above water expression ˌkiːp jɔː ˌhed əbʌv ˈwɔːtə to just be able to manage, especially when you have financial difficulties
Unit 7 63 legislation noun ˌledʒɪˈsleɪʃən a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament
Unit 7 62 mysteriously adverb mɪˈstɪəriəsli in a way that is strange and cannot be understood
Unit 7 58 occupancy noun ˈɒkjʊpənsi someone's use of a room, building or vehicle
Unit 7 61 out of the blue expression ˌaʊt əv ðə ˈbluː If something happens out of the blue, it is completely unexpected.
Unit 7 61 over the moon expression ˌəʊvə ðə ˈmuːn delighted about something
Unit 7 61 play with fire expression ˌpleɪ wɪð ˈfaɪə to act in a way that is very dangerous and to take risks
a mixture of smoke, gases and chemicals, especially in cities, that makes the atmosphere
Unit 7 58 smog noun smɒg difficult to breathe and harmful for health
Unit 7 61 tip of the iceberg expression ˌtɪp əv ðiː ˈaɪsbɜːg a small, noticeable part of a problem, the total size of which is really much greater
Unit 7 62 unsurprisingly adverb ʌnsəˈpraɪzɪŋli in a way that does not make you feel surprised
Unit 8 65 adopt a low profile expression əˌdɒpt ə ləʊ ˈprəʊfaɪl to avoid attracting attention to yourself
Unit 8 68 appoint verb əˈpɔɪnt to choose someone officially for a job or responsibility
Unit 8 65 be what counts expression biː wɒt ˈkaʊnts to have most importance or value
Unit 8 65 brim with expression ˈbrɪm wɪð If someone is brimming with a good quality or thing, they have a lot of it.
Unit 8 65 come to a conclusion expression ˌkʌm tuː ə kənˈkluːʒən to decide what to think about something
Unit 8 65 die down phrasal verb daɪ daʊn to gradually decrease
Unit 8 68 dismiss verb dɪˈsmɪs to remove someone from their job, especially because they have done something wrong
to put yourself or someone else onto the official list of members of a course, college, or
Unit 8 64 enrol verb ɪnˈrəʊl group
Unit 8 68 fill a position expression ˌfɪl ə pəˈzɪʃən to find someone to do a job
Unit 8 65 get the drift expression ˌget ðə ˈdrɪft to understand the general meaning of what someone is saying
Unit 8 65 go round in circles expression ˌgəʊ raʊnd ɪn ˈsɜːkəlz to keep doing or talking about the same thing, without achieving anything
Unit 8 68 hold down a job expression ˌhəʊld daʊn ə ˈdʒɒb to manage to keep a job for a period of time
Unit 8 68 lay off phrasal verb leɪ ɒf to stop employing someone, usually because there is no work for them to do
Unit 8 68 let go expression let ˈgəʊ to stop employing someone, usually because there is no work for them to do
Unit 8 68 make redundant expression ˌmeɪk rɪˈdʌndənt to stop employing someone, usually because there is no work for them to do
An open-ended activity or situation does not have a planned ending, so it may develop in
Unit 8 65 open-ended adjective ˌəʊpənˈendɪd several ways.
a student who has already got one degree and is studying at a university for a more
Unit 8 64 postgraduate noun ˌpəʊstˈgrædʒuət advanced qualification
Unit 8 64 prospectus noun prəˈspektəs a document giving details of a college, school, or business and its activities
to persuade someone to work for a company or become a new member of an
Unit 8 68 recruit verb rɪˈkruːt organisation, especially the army
an amount of money given by a school, college, university, or other organisation to pay
Unit 8 64 scholarship noun ˈskɒləʃɪp for the studies of a person with great ability but little money
Unit 8 68 step down phrasal verb step daʊn to leave an important job or position, especially to allow someone else to take your place
(a plan showing) the subjects or books to be studied in a particular course, especially a
Unit 8 64 syllabus noun ˈsɪləbəs course that leads to an exam
Unit 8 65 take a back seat expression ˌteɪk ə bæk ˈsiːt to choose not to be in a position of responsibility in an organisation or activity
Unit 8 65 the matter in hand expression ðə ˌmætər ɪn ˈhænd the subject or situation being considered
Unit 8 64 tutorial noun tjuːˈtɔːriəl a period of study with a tutor involving one student or a small group
Unit 8 64 undergraduate noun ˌʌndəˈgrædjuət a student who is studying for their first degree at college or university
Unit 9 76 biased adjective ˈbaɪəst showing an unreasonable like or dislike for a person based on personal opinions
Unit 9 76 compatible adjective kəmˈpætəbl̩ able to exist, live together, or work successfully with something or someone else
Unit 9 72 criteria noun (plural) kraɪˈtɪəriə standards by which you judge, decide about, or deal with something
the process of reaching a decision or answer by thinking about the known facts, or the
Unit 9 72 deduction noun dɪˈdʌkʃən decision that is reached
not having the things that are necessary for a pleasant life, such as enough money, food,
Unit 9 76 deprived adjective dɪˈpraɪvd or good living conditions
to make something simpler and easier to understand, especially in order to make it more
Unit 9 74 dumb down phrasal verb dʌm daʊn popular
Unit 9 76 eligible adjective ˈelɪdʒəbl̩ having the necessary qualities or satisfying the necessary conditions
Unit 9 76 equivalent adjective ɪˈkwɪvələnt having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc. as something else
Unit 9 76 hostile adjective ˈhɒstaɪl unfriendly and not liking or agreeing with something
an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been
Unit 9 72 hypothesis noun haɪˈpɒθəsɪs proved
Unit 9 76 ignorant adjective ˈɪgnərənt not having enough knowledge, understanding, or information about something
Unit 9 75 in a sense expression ɪn ə ˈsens thinking about something in one way, but not in every way
Unit 9 76 inadequate adjective ɪˈnædɪkwət not good enough or too low in quality
If something is a matter of doing a particular thing, that is what you need to do in order
Unit 9 75 be a matter of expression biː ə ˈmætər əv to achieve it.
Unit 9 74 journal noun ˈdʒɜːnəl a serious magazine or newspaper that is published regularly about a particular subject
Unit 9 76 knowledgeable adjective ˈnɒlɪdʒəbl̩ knowing a lot
Unit 9 76 notorious adjective nəʊˈtɔːriəs famous for something bad
Unit 9 76 prejudiced adjective ˈpredʒʊdɪst showing an unreasonable dislike for something or someone
Unit 9 72 principle noun ˈprɪnsɪpl̩ a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works
wanting to protect someone from criticism, hurt, danger, etc. because you like them very
Unit 9 76 protective (toward) adjective prəˈtektɪv much
Unit 9 76 renowned adjective rɪˈnaʊnd famous for something
Unit 9 76 restricted adjective rɪˈstrɪktɪd limited, especially by official rules, laws, etc.
Unit 9 76 sceptical adjective ˈskeptɪkəl doubting that something is true or useful
Unit 9 72 significance noun sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns important because it affects other things
Unit 9 76 superior adjective suːˈpɪəriə better than average or better than other people or things of the same type
Unit 9 74 take a dim view expression teɪk ə ˌdɪm ˈvjuː to disapprove of something
Unit 9 74 the former expression ðə ˈfɔːmə the first of two people, things, or groups previously mentioned
Unit 9 75 the odd expression ðiː ɒd the occasional sparkle
Unit 9 75 the status quo expression ðə ˌsteɪtəsˈkwəʊ the present situation
Unit 9 72 variable noun ˈveəriəbl̩ a number, amount, or situation that can change
Unit 10 84 antisocial adjective ˌæntiˈsəʊʃəl often avoiding spending time with other people
Unit 10 83 brush up on phrasal verb brʌʃ ʌp ɒn to improve your knowledge of something already learned but partly forgotten
to try to discover what someone is doing in order to be certain that they are doing what
Unit 10 83 check up on phrasal verb tʃek ʌp ɒn they should be doing
Unit 10 80 classification noun ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən the act or process of dividing things into groups according to their type
Unit 10 83 come up against phrasal verb kʌm ʌp əˈgenst to have to deal with a problem
Unit 10 84 conscientious adjective ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəs putting a lot of effort into your work
Unit 10 80 consistently adverb kənˈsɪstəntli continuing or developing steadily in the same way
Unit 10 80 constitute verb ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt to be or be considered as something
Unit 10 83 do away with phrasal verb du əˈweɪ wɪð to get rid of something, or stop using something
Unit 10 80 extrovert noun ˈekstrəvɜːt an energetic happy person who enjoys being with other people
Unit 10 83 get back to phrasal verb get bæk tuː to talk to someone again, usually on the phone
Unit 10 83 get through to phrasal verb get θruː tuː to succeed in making someone believe or understand something
believing that very good things can be achieved, often when this does not seem likely to
Unit 10 84 idealistic adjective ˌaɪdɪəˈlɪstɪk others
Insecure people have little confidence and are uncertain about their own abilities or if
Unit 10 84 insecure adjective ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə other people really like them.
Unit 10 80 introvert noun ˈɪntrəvɜːt someone who is shy, quiet, and unable to make friends easily
Unit 10 80 merit noun ˈmerɪt the quality of being good and deserving praise
Unit 10 84 modest adjective ˈmɒdɪst not usually talking about or making obvious your own abilities and achievements
If you are naïve, you are too willing to believe that someone is telling the truth, that
people's intentions in general are good, or that life is simple and fair. People are often
Unit 10 84 naive adjective naɪˈiːv naive because they are young and/or have not had much experience of life.
Unit 10 84 narrow-minded adjective ˌnærəʊˈmaɪndɪd not willing to accept ideas or ways of behaving that are different from your own
Unit 10 81 outgoing adjective ˌaʊtˈgəʊɪŋ friendly and energetic and finding it easy and enjoyable to be with other people
Unit 10 80 perception noun pəˈsepʃən a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem
Unit 10 81 play down phrasal verb pleɪ daʊn to make something seem less important or less bad than it really is
Unit 10 80 proposition noun ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃən an idea or opinion
Unit 10 80 questionable adjective ˈkwestʃənəbl̩ not certain, or wrong in some way
Unit 10 83 read up on phrasal verb riːd ʌp ɒn to spend time reading in order to find out information about something
Unit 10 84 self-centred adjective ˌselfˈsentəd only interested in yourself and your own activities
nervous or uncomfortable because you know what people think about you or your
Unit 10 84 self-conscious adjective ˌselfˈkɒnʃəs actions
Unit 10 84 talkative adjective ˈtɔːkətɪv talking a lot
Unit 10 84 trustworthy adjective ˈtrʌstˌwɜːði able to be trusted