SCIENCE CAREER COACHING 9. Ray Optics Ray + Ray Optics - fomal by" Thad) in ing’ fen Soe Pet i tel ah, smi, Ti tS tle uae, the geet Nr, eta iE eee cn cree Reflectlin_of Light - sae pea PGf Bi adaecmene chars Mixror~ A smooth and well pobishl surface whieh each piney moat ey Ree gt ati on a — as ts, igh Yoh Os the nr LM BTL Aad ab and ft einen Ssh, Aare, 2 “og Macey OShese’ oR ts Covenal Fhe iced at 6 Tociclunt vay ais reptectecl along ors ad Zn tent ey, ey) Te i called Yepleedect ray amd! yy Koon a ‘angle ef rejection. # 4 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING senases of reflec Gy Angle ob incidence 4 equal to angle of reptetin, TEEN! st Lee ed norm Ui) Toeietent Sphaical Mirror: ne, akPhCAD, minor sd 8, pan gf 6 hang, ‘cpogue, yecting: Tease. ane 00 ype of spelen! mivors - 2) Concave _mivro cade. the contre of he taphad Sh RLSM itor BOS Fad AS icon hn gale >? tae cones teplectin ee BI a Bind: Photon “in Bake Ce. Some Important Terms- G) Contre of Canvadune (©)- Ta Gethin oh tape Ft eat Fe Teoh eine i) Rains of curvature (RD a, Soi MSP Sc te Tig BE “a. Ear anata come ETSee oraores aes Conon Gey vows m ple we re print ov conte oh te ao re i acer Ta cliameter Mima ob the sphaical minor 4s coutled operhar iinsas apie ab tee winer w apextune - The_argle Mic Ma > Subtenctecl at © by the ly ts, ain a ape ior “eat Gi) Principal axis - contre, of canmnb op aphinicnl thiney extended ov Soin ids EY Uta LR pSP aie ch eo Wid Principal Section- pRTacineh ee plone posta Racha rm eee npsPeetin on cod ee sit a (ii) Principal focus CF)- EEG a pen on de pancpal ele oh sn ge af hae ge inn 2 SN ee pe ae ene F fm cast, of @ Cony wiv, Fla a vighonl pinky ‘oi ysen anal ways affesnejiclon appear 26 dove 4 fm. Gus of & Concave mney F ake real point Site Fen effchion from the wiser Ee ie ae SCIENCE CAREER COACHING. are tn So eee ae ier. uli New Cartesian sign Conventions GAN the clistaneas ane maaaatcl yom pole CF ‘spend ear _ aes een Sane Baie et el aad Se Ce ee cay caer tee eee ee 2a Mide cated wieder peared, ne thoge we sfaae he cLingetion fy incidence ve and fae sab amc “Satna ane Jagat ae Beh | eases) eae nt eTSCIENCE CAREER COACHING wu, SCIENCE CAREER COACHING su, Relation between f ond R Mirror Formula for Concave Mirroy Minor prmula us a Atlodion betuean focal Length op the “minor and. custenees ef eject mel Image JE grt the miner Let P be the pele Fis the pAinelpal fous andl © ia the, Conbve of Counluse ef a cencave minor Osaki aputae: Fue” Pref be the focal Ta Scesaey, EStiNeg i TaT me te | Shatte See na aaill ofetthal oh iner (o> Conver Mirver = ae Let on object a0 du hud peapendiculan do the pend a Ny EEE f= fea Lungth of conngs minor a equal hay SU Gant aaa a 1h uy of Light stating jpom A ond incident om the. mise! pile WB eal Ide. fale pos, = ar fitted pels “miner repay he "heh Oh, reyete Clg bal hy sid. "Znra et Laos or suv Divieling beth sida by UVR, we get (©) Virtual Image - Jee ine (hen, fhe eit a held in frot of a Cocave: bructs Beart ee as petal ae “F] ite eee tone “pangn fied as Showa hey fla a $ mivror formula Sai TET ——— a =SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Mirror Formula for Convex vinnes Ty loops fsa "Os Ses are o Et of Sethe Sa Sat, ty paces! fos Pate nS Let PF fia the focal length amd PC = 9 the, radiut, of cupuatine ap He minted Ae us an object” Rie tol goal Op val "Peapenliocn IE Polat 4 ykt stanting from A ond, Incident on the, migvor aheth iD te, Sana pacatll te the: pincenl Se Spe nory “Son ping en be oom ny TE Pllad Dad BELO ey Me miner es ee a A tind my indilink on jhe me along Ae fen emell gol a Se a ie i pepensienen to paca! pi reftelN at AD chide mite” OF As AAac and A Ae ane cimilor, £0 thal - [SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Again as A nap and Alsip ane Aiwilan $0 - ae * rer —® fom 24D ond @ we 7t- iezniing the lt caters frm the ple Pe con cos re ee Sobyg@- P8e ee st _ fen Pa * re Using Neto Cartesian sign Conventions Pl uy pols +¥ amd pe = +R Se pom en @D we get Tusa. a aoe OW or VR +uR = auy ctivioling both sides by uve, we get corre aaa ona TETSCIENCE CAREER COACHING eae SCIENCE CAREER COACHING sume Cones Wier (2) When object i placed between inie and centre of Oyek a i camvture (Le u> 2) Falta | siee ——[ Ratoe a Image fu] at = [ar eas | Point | Real | fronted Baan rand | evepa| basen | ani erred - gesare| bese: | ccninitad | raat | srveet = eed [ere [ ote | =e | amt | tunted meni lef estore] Stern | wageset| eet | zene 1) Whence epee tems cate t= mage sje [ee | see] ne | on whe : me ae = ke SSE P [PET fe] coe [ed poor ter eps Smet a aera (0) When aj load btinen cate of cistron jee er focu (ie feu Obeet he Tee | Ovetatin| le feu<2p a] ar [at feu | Pont | Virtunl | Orch afecero| Extasen | amistad | virtuat | erect Tmage Formation by sphusieal Mins Very small in sie Magnification m << ~1 WLLLE (6) When object is placed at focus (he. u Image — Ate — Real — Inverted — Very larae in size mae a oem a CTE)SCIENCE CAREER COACHING suis. (6) When object is placed between focus and pote (Le. u =f) a Behind the mirror Convex mirror + Image formed by convex mitror 1 always (2) When object ie placed at infinite (Le. u = =) = Virtwat — Erect | (2) When object is placed any where on the principal axis Between Pand F = Magniicationm <4 Linon. magnifitation ax simply meqnifitin hag poh oe tie ed pd. eTe Thege fim oRe atieee tthe ae ofthe deck Te a vepuucated by m oh me CET sina op eel Co) AB Magehfec bent Ca) Sei bONES OE aa ave Cio rage te erect) ond ma willbe negative Se ts asset Ce Image it invetca For beth Concave and Convex minor we Knots that As. pal ae Pa PSSA SE mE he eae evel Using news Cantesion sign Conventions Al = -2, aest0 + the petitive ev negative sign oh m sk ditermineel fon SS oegie om obSCIENCE CAREER COACHING uu shen lang Retest Mees, Senta fie ol eer y ae Tn cous of Conve minty as shen sing, mero Cakesion ign Cemverdions = ald ott, Aasve Som a positive Nete= CD when m4, image jprmed is enlargeet Giy conem med, Image formed ib citinishedl Ga) bohen mn Gs positive, image mast be evech (Le vinta) Wv> when mm is neguive image must be ined (ce el) pale oy aetna stat on is of cee mle Fragyigieation® Ls positive. Cwy Practical Applications of Spherical Mi (OA. convex minor i usecl as a reftecter in “eteeat Compe - Aa a haul the Ligtt Geo the noe ges eee Perera ae me more ‘ae the "Eo al cal ce fg ee ey ee SEE Bane cee BD Sete casemate neon crear irs eons ts Cee ee Pea era eee roateicl Tnawge Oct et by Pk dear wh Re Conwek GS concaed’? Sy SER. Fe PERSE sof My As ffeal lungth ia positive, the mirwor must be Gover. The image 6 virhials €vCCh omd smaller in shee inc RE Af = aneiK = foagem a ana omee TT]SCIENCE CAREER COACHING A pall eavdlle 9 Gm im shay i pled 27m D, Gigs gate ae 5 tens Geechee Sect Oe Tee te SeiTe tee lng? ‘Sesebe"thd a” alia Se ages ee, red Sind tebe Seeale meh Sel: Size of candle (0) Been pS yee eikem shade, ss tep-t fru Se the screen Shou be plattal at su con from the minrey on the seme stele lan the object Th oT sa siee of image than an te image a veal - Cae ee ze * Sy 7 Minus sign indlicales tad image ut >If or For Genre miner feo, Lao Hence by mirror formila th edo obs hoon fee ( <1E] se thet ToT? OT > gre 7 vee Hone the Tage da formed on aus of mhwer TES SE tage 7 Alsoky wom FS 2 We me Hence Image is enlangent orm aeamma—OTSCIENCE CAREER COACHING SCIENCE CAREER COACHING sau REFRACTION sromspanint” attain yb, Sit notte. intake, Loerie ee Er nc DTS ah Pela SS ee eefeesitn, te es a aaa cee eee fence Ba ae ler eal pis aaa TT On tae eo OT pen gee pe para pees eerie sae cnatnaan ad, LON, ete fore reste Ld Goth veapeet to medium Louis sonitten ax fly anal da Callie relative refractive index Ty, ae oe Se, ie eT NE sped bgt A medium with Aighen. refractive jnelix ip sal to be "Op He iad ona 46 ets itn Clee edymetive inde Ee agit Js @_shodoatesic prope Oe ieee elcome Core iat Caer gee aaien gee tera addlengen of? gta Laws of Refraction - hava ee ace graces ih Se Bay Eye ne Soe nas toe ene oc ica ie ie rte tat tra aca ea ee i consent Hsin ye Mysiniy © Absini = Sry then oA olay here ly as vefnctive fre of mudi a. arith vp ned tS $ : FTA Law sh ake calli Snell's Law BD Re ae alle of ages of Iodine Ee Ot ee maectnaly Sn hich mole sald Ba Weed oh Lgth be iment 38b Fem snell’s Law SF vasing for gin i see soiey Sy Bid Se ateees fy malt 0 DS CERN ee ‘ma bo ar Sar aa CETSCIENCE GAREER COACHING aa SCIENCE CAREER COACHING un, Scie Sogo ee a nee A SoS : I tl nt in Hence, D ond ® we ya Sei, ai Be edie oe a eee seu 2 one eg oar tf 3 ere 7 From gene - sivis > sine lg dn a, lin on gel LS Pe ee ee Sh BSG) fron the real a Applying. svell’s Law at L- Ag sin ty = Agim x ee i Again applying srell's Law at Ay Sinig = tesinn, @ ESR —@ hectng do the minnow oUt cate ah thay Seer cna feet Sate ae cama CE Hence from: 94 @ - Hence the emeagente ray mA) la patallit to the incident vey Expression for Lateral — Feo Ms ciaes new peptic ty ee ped sao pu aad, penn OF pany ce Tega Se curiae at eny om ping clevicdion on frat vepvection, 5 umsine -o Pickness of flare slab Se fem 4D we gt mnt opto sing tam cha Ths lk He expraition gor LAtewal oltaplocement, % Laban! ptuugmeat ay propentionsl de the this Op ee “sie Sngie of Treideme LySCIENCE CAREER COACHING eal Depth ancl apparint Depth of a Tank A water tank appeant [eas leap than hed 2 actualy Sn phen as OS se tefieelion op lige Pree - pete 0 Uk a point cbjech at an actin cept on Tieton the sunfire tater XY ina tonk: A ray of Light incident on xy, normally aleng on pastes “atraifint Baw anien Zi on wien elong al lich Gwby foam ther novel GES fected NS” along "el Ee elng ty FF SED Leen’ Hire wabens 0 ppeonn at I Thinefore sppancet clepty = Ax (Leta than 08) Lace = conn Load Lara = inee = + PAS Ua Ee deetting fromm senses madi (abe) SCIENCE CAREER COACHING aw. % for aly ond wale lig = Wa ae Gas Gen PRL arly Ge ee ee Total Internal Reflection Set creer tee mats GTS pon SSS, alters AS, SO a.m nt in the, ty, eo deg tod en Oy pees airy Aaiint ~ apts, ee a omc wy thon ta groin them Bee orgie of taal. de it Boe beens ts ant engl: of ictus Foe pectena vclus oh tes the cithent mples tha meant agp aes Seiad AF PB Sag teeta hy EE phe vauPMAD ade a,Oh O05, ey inchlyot ay, os Inenfade 8c. Tad phenderman ia &: sd icin Batten Tota) Tuternod Reffection ~ ea * peed to TH ab the pheroinenon af reflection eb Light Into clensen medium fromm an initeljack of this clever madivey ema a ve mative. er ar cai REE]SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Essential Conditions fo total Intearal (> Light shoal Havel frm a Basen meckive, ix madliue to LH) Angie of inciclnce in, clenser medium sheule be "Srentel than the critical angie for the pair Of Baia in Conteh: mae Sor the pes Critical Angle - Le) Thee of cide, te semen lin Seocorencin ctype eosin im ane SA a eh dh tepeierdad ty "e' od ihe, vole depends ee ne a Relation between Refractive index & Critical Angle then is cy re ae Aeplying Snell's Lao Qt Any AwSme = Hy Sin se Me = ane b= lense, ee ee of. Acer on erat ames ie TE Sale ote Applications of Total Internal Reflection G) The brilliance of ctiamondl = Tha, builiance of liamone) 38 clue 4o total internal reflection of ight! Iu for ciamond. ir aux, Seathat coibeal angle 0 lismoac ai Taface a ee eee Ta ba Sar ama a TEST SCIENCE CAREER COACHING sau. ita ne pico ia cat gutably 20 thal centes ‘amonel ppurn. amy foce ne Opies gan mene gles matte 1 Unteanal’ vejechons at wahicus” facts and "vemin icthin Fhe Lament ered des Yet tow tah. Hence the clmnd spanks (@) Mivage- Mirege: ix an optical tihaien sohich Scat septtaain Sees tet games a FS ae te el vont see afenitents say remrectn a Ce th ci hare ctl ect” tract Tretating idhaig” wind height core tke alefacs i ner taaingy ty ght oO__ SCIENCE CAREER COACHING wee ae BT oeP recs Behaing leay Wr pete layers wha ong. rade erat Dt eds Srl Tne Weslly Pelcted aaa en Eco oi Maa cyte th ee ee a DY erg one rn Rn (3) Totally reflecting glass prisms - These ake ight omgld prisms whieh oan na i oy eel Sen Gu Tied inn 1 eps oF ten ap fr ihe A ee es teisad Ryethion. Moe Ua BeySaSis re fea if wlte ° ° (u) optical Fibers = areal fens cenit oh eel td heheh eed pie ‘Sra ae Da Vepictve Enter et Of He oratory ts! SCIENCE CAREER COACHING marelict FPS Geeta ee oii StS fen. —— Light Incident jon one end, of the ides af @ small ‘Snient the floes cFion and it a a trated 5 ite rap eB SPrend Seh ed * et Sepa pg oa rds Bess Est Oa Py Applications of optical Fibers - C1) optical fee he used in transmission ancl sbtien pth tt ya tye Cente Sham Ft ee gi pee 2) A bundle a Oke: och stint Ee test Tene Et tic Pere eal prrerta fp ra rae nie et Pet Dalits ob ac (5) optical fikers ane teal in telephone amd other, ehaiting “each each fen “am Cae ap ote Hicphone "Bersages without Imuch Less of Enteney: cor ae ae aos TETSCIENCE CAREER COACHIN ‘Sphevicad Refrecting Surfaces - A eefactog Sey, on fur 9 pa a sphate SPH Sen SE & SARE pain sects Trane ate fh Lypes ob phi eect safe Ui) Convex Spherical refracting Surnes Tt ay convex temaids raver mecliuem sick. Gi) Concave spherical refracting Sunfoce - TE concave frome He rarer meatium side © Teportant Terms G> Pole aiead ve enslad plbeeSiNtVe ob tPhaeal rejmeting suf Gi) Centre of curvature Ce) The Centye of the Sphune of which the sphgical repmeting Senjech, "a pant, a calla th Wii) Raclius of Cunvatune CR)- Radius of the Speke of which the Spherical vefracting Suajoce Pisa palette acinus | of chotoa SARS as AS Salad ty SER COACHING sau: Gv) Principal axis Tre sine pouting shah the olor the cerave of cunsatunn of Sphintad, refmeting Soafute + extended an eithan oh Oa ARENT ee New Centesion sign Convention: GD All alistamces ade muasursal He pole op the Spheuical vefrackrg suxface 2) The stances muatudtd in the ativection of Inchance op Light ane taxen al positive emnel ake dusterca? melauned in a clivecton opposite to TRE GNCENOy SP heat Sapa ane Pleas os nagekive Assumptions - G) Tee abject consitte only off 6 paint layira on ee eh ca pei Gy Mae arate repocting sean ta) ‘Mee, incidend nel refnctecl rays, ome sel CR Been ce rotnal and | siny # od oe ET a REEDSCIENCE CAREER COACHING tan, SCIENCE CAREER COACHING “Refraction from Rarey to Denser Medium at According te sels tow a conven Spherical Refracting surface - Biting = asin t UD When the image is Real- eae (aegis me arm) Using 4D we gee Te @ Spraeal Vefmcting sutface XY A ON) = Ae (=p) foe a cegdel rote op “befits Se gate Som mart mary oni hrc ee fe” eran rt men a Ey SSE id, Ole nacre fame sn (Sh + BIE) a(n a8) SAE wcibe “be ike rll” op eurehae ae sncty 2B lt Or foal na redh Placa pees re eat tee ta dn pce ege ener etieet ter eee Bore te oe i Ae opel a iy Fiem A; draw AM perperdiculon +0 02 — -- Sh eh Et CLL, indtined oppente Mimi 3 Reore tin Mane" F ter te oe ere _ ian sone oe ie a am =a el PEM gp TM phil sua ia sry mie Using aio cartesian Sign Conventions 5 we gh Poz>-u , pr>4v 4 Pere Bo ae ia jhe pene veafion Repel, Sasa sen crema Sint ar ome omeSCIENCE CAREER COACHING. G) token the image is Virtual The pein eject o Im thu cam Hes on festa ats INE ne pg a fctng peechiac! oF Tab celal, foistacks? FP reer Souris cers! iter. re. of Light on alli vor om tne petit Salat 28, sete coral, Tae refpechiol maf aw tnt Bee owt Saucd achelly af Bop, pes, bed bpp came foams pata 2 Theat ee or Mis Mar —@ Draw AM perpendicular tp or amd Let “ams Ky Lagm =p md Lame In Aone Leyte nd in OTR = YH bby putting the vals of Lond rin in 29.0, we ah. aurea) 2 snr 0) is ongles he small, using oxtone > we gle a cameo GT Ege tafe] + Ae Eke te ns apertura is dnl, Md One. P Ek + pe) ble +) Using meso Canteen sign Cement Note trad thas velation ig the come as euodion,, [okon hwnge formed Ls real Refraction from Raver to Denser medium at a Concave Spherical Refracting Surface - a, ob 4 fore, pe bya gs eae nas Sie Sire ate ee safest” at al, eg? tecinda hDotra! tan oe shasta ke ence sae op sate on, falling rand wx tne eh itch Eats feline cute Ses Be een at er age Soh fe eS PS ‘image of the pemt object en ‘Sori pananrpemm CEFa pone 5 totem ond in athe rete Putting these values oh bal y inthe. relekion — or a) = a 8) hs anghs ane Ammll, using Oxtend, we ge aula 25] = a GRE BE) o anGle-de) = [de - a As ms Cue to p beemue. of tall apodit fete ree ec ries contin sgn, Comeatons — _ SCIENCE CAREER COACHING a, Refraction From Denser to Rarer Meclium CD At @ Convex Sphuical suafau — Let P be tha pele. orl © be the Cenhe cuntabive of aphinleal refracting suajace This Aunface 3h pnt bh ie, nap AeA Fo eT aes ane then toy of pst on, fll navy te sat, lM, moe eee eae eee re on: sree pene oe ers ee ee ee ao eet gee eee ie fa Ceol Gian dell io inlal wo tne Tn fone, i Tn tac, r +e rma Eom noe a EY{CENCE CAREER COACHING = oy Asin = Misiny fe Cond y ame demall 50 1 oomd sinvey se ant = ane Tn Aone, i Tn a tac, So that = An (ya) From A haw an peypendiculas te 02 fs orgies ake small, Se using O=tan >ue get 40 Gre “te ] = 4 [feat or ae Gods] © Ee de since gpertae, ob the sefrocing suafece is small eG] Dee] ae ie eke emcee ratty at joier median “ada cofbex TEE, Pe, faa SRS ing on The pital axis of 9 Sphnieal “véfracting’ sunfacd sy wil Soncavl. Foul “Fhe” Lover nase A ray ob ight) om falling neva on the ssunface bad Bo aa ovlother ray Gn Cert aiamig frown the miamal md procanls aloe! Re after sepdeibr P ¢ mest ar ota cetiested Pe aml Aa ao not: ac at any. point bat appeat 0 tome from a point 1 Thus 1 inline virked image of the poink chject 6 To a ene b= rte and tn A zac ye rep Putting these valus of Lond yin the relation we ge Aa (yea) Aa onples one Amal 5 [RE +e] 4 (148) wing Owtone 5 we et or aa[e + de] = Since apestune in amall, mb close te P se thet Me Ge te] = Ud) hee Rewer os ane Sha "covacine- eae somes CSE) ‘nea emg an Se Comat oR ONE4+ Ad Using new £19 conventions we gu Ten: setts i ae ERR, PSE RT ap Eager ate vege 0 Comets Sen CEE ee kien as shiose Roe eres ae peace ( i) Cmeme ov Biverging Lenses - ° A cqeemee, Coe Sa thinner fn the riddle ond SuiSEce tage Thete Unies axe of thee types LJ)