NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research, Faisalabad

Department of Electrical Engineering

Course Name: Analog and Digital Communication
Course Code: EE-322L
Complex Engineering Problem (Activity Based)
Session Semester Total Marks CLO PLO Bloom Taxonomy
2020 FALL 25 1 4 P4
2022

Complex Engineering Problem (Activity Based)

Design and implement simple walkie-talkie sets to
operate on ad-hoc based communication.
Objective:
The objective of this complex engineering problem is to carry out research, analysis,
design, and investigation of a real-world complex Electrical Engineering project that
has the following attributes:
Table I
Range of Complex Problem Solving
S. Attribute Assessment Complex Problems
No. Criteria
1 Depth of Design sub Requires research-based knowledge much of which is at, or
knowledge blocks at circuit informed by, the forefront of the professional discipline and
required (WK4, level/IC. which allows a fundamentals-based, first principles
WK5) analytical approach.
2 Range of Low Cost, High Involve wide-ranging or conflicting technical, engineering
conflicting Power, and and other issues.
requirements High SNR.
3 Depth of Select Have no obvious solution and require abstract thinking,
analysis appropriate originality in analysis to formulate suitable models
required Components.
7 Interdependence Show Are high level problems including many component parts or
interdependence sub-problems.
of sub modules
and their
communication.

Table II
Knowledge Profile
WK1 Theory-based natural sciences.
WK2 Conceptually-based mathematics.
WK3 Theory-based engineering fundamentals.
WK4 Forefront specialist knowledge for practice.
WK5 Engineering Design.
WK6 Engineering Practice (technology).
WK7 Engineering in society.
WK8 Research Literature
 Table III
PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOMES (PLOs) FOR CEP

PLO
Description
4 An ability to conduct investigations of broadly-defined problems; locate, search
Investigation and select relevant data from codes, data bases and literature, design and conduct
experiments to provide valid conclusions.
Table III
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOS) MAPPING WITH CEP

CLOs Description PLOs Domain Domain Level

Perform hardware experiments for
CLO1 Analog modulation/ demodulation PLO04 Psychomotor 2. Manipulation
techniques as well as sampling ofAnalog.

Report desired results of Complex

CLO3 PLO10 Affective 2. Responding
Engineering Problem/Lab Assignments

ASSESSMENT RUBRIC AND DELIVERABLES

Mappin Criteria Unacceptab Developing Functional (2 Proficient Advanced
g with le (0 Point) (1 Point) Points) (3-4Points) (5 Points)
CLO
CLO1 Problem Demonstrate Demonstrat Begins to Demonstrat Demonstrat
Definition s an inability es a limited demonstrate es the es the
in ability in the ability to ability to ability to
identifying a identifying construct a construct a construct a
problem a problem problem problem clear and
statement or statement or statement statement insightful
related related with evidence with problem
contextual contextual of most evidence of statement
factors factors relevant most with
contextual relevant evidence of
factors, but contextual all relevant
problem factors, and contextual
statement is problem factors
not complete statement is
adequately
detailed
CLO1 Implement Unsatisfacto Implements Implements Implements Implements
the ry the relevant the relevant the relevant the relevant
Relevant understandin codes codes but codes with codes
Standards/ g of the code incorrectly ignores minor perfectly
procedures procedure relevant mistakes.
contextual
factors
CLO3 Analysis/ Analysis is Analysis is Structural Analysis is Analysis
Results not performed model is adequate performed
performed or but reasonable but with perfectly
 done entirely Structural with mistakes minimal
wrong model is mistakes in
inaccurately defining the
defined structural
model
CLO1 Design/ Design/ Design/ Design/ Design/ Design/
detailing detailing of detailing of detailing of detailing of detailing of
of components components components components components
componen not done or done with done without done with done with
ts wrongly mistakes mistakes but unclear complete
done no sketches/ sketches or
design/detaili drawings drawings
ng sketches
CLO3 Leadership
Student
Student relies
works Student works
role in team on other Student does
independentl independently
and help the members and not
y in team and in team but
other team get help from coordinates
provides help sometimes rely
Team Work members, other group with team at
to other team on other
perform all members, all, does not
members to members to
duties, perform perform any
perform perform few of
assigned team every little duties.
majority of his/her duties.
role. duties.
their duties.
Overview:
A walkie-talkie, more formally known as a handheld transceiver (HT), is a hand-held,
portable, two-way radio transceiver. Typical walkie-talkies resemble a telephone handset,
with a speaker built into one end and a microphone in the other (in some devices the speaker
also is used as the microphone) and an antenna mounted on the top of the unit. They are held
up to the face to talk. A walkie-talkie is a half-duplex ad-hoc communication device. In the
Windows operating system, ad hoc is a communication mode (setting) that allows computers
to directly communicate with each other without a router. Wireless mobile ad hoc networks
are self-configuring, dynamic networks in which nodes are free to move. Multiple walkie-
talkies use a single radio channel, and only one radio on the channel can transmit at a time,
although any number can listen. The transceiver is normally in receive mode; when the user
wants to talk they must press a "push-to talk" (PTT) button that turns off the receiver and
turns on the transmitter.

Problem Statement:
Design and implement simple walkie-talkie sets to operate on ad-hoc based communication.
You can implement using any available resource in market like capacitors, resistors and
transistor etc. You have to build 2 sets half duplex communication devices.

Objectives of problem:
 To understand the transmitter and receiver using half duplex ad-hoc based
communication device.
 To understand the simple analog modulation techniques i.e. AM and FM.
 To investigate the hardware consisting of different active and passive devices.

Transmitter:
A transmitter is an electronic device used in telecommunications to produce radio waves in
order to transmit or send data with the aid of an antenna.

Receiver:
A receiver is a device that selects a signal from among all the signals received from a
communication channel, recovers the base band signal and delivers it to the user.

Apparatus:
Soldering Iron
Pliers
Connecting Wires
Vero Board
Bread Board
Components of Transmitter:
1 Battery (9v)

Capacitors
Capacitor 1 (0.001 µF)
Capacitor 2(50 or 100 pF)
Capacitor 3(100 pF)

Resistors
Resistor 1(4.7 kΩ)
Resistor 2(4.7 kΩ)
Resistor3 (2.2 kΩ)

Inductor
Inductor 1(0.1 µH)

Transistor
BC 547 (Transistor)
Antenna

Components of Receiver:
Transistor
Transistor (C547 NPN)

Capacitor
Trim Capacitor (100pF)
Capacitor 1 (0.001µF)
Capacitor 2 (22pF)

Inductor
Inductor (0.1µH)

Resistor
Resistor 1 (4.7kΩ)
Resistor 2 (330Ω)
Aerial antenna or single stranded wire
Circuit Diagram:

FM Transmitter Circuitd

FM Receiver Circuit
Procedure:
First of all we took the required components (capacitor,inductor,antenna,transistor).
Then we took board and connect the concerned components according to the circuit
diagram(Transmitter & Receiver) displayed above.
After we connected the circuit of Transmitter.
Then we connect the Trim Capacitor and changed the Capacitance to Receive signal on the
receiver from the transmitter
Then we set the frequency of the Receiver related to the transmitterby variable capacitor.
Then we confirmed that both circuits are working on the breadboard and confirmed that we
are receiving signal from the Transmitter.
Then we disassemble the circuit form breadboard and soldered it on Veroboard.

Project Pictures:

Transmitter
 Transmitter& Receiver

Conclusion:
I have concluded from this CEP that by using specific capacitor, inductor, antenna, transistor
and resistor we have created FM signal Transmitter and Receiver. we used the variable
capacitor to define the frequency range while receiver’s frequency is fixed due to LC tank
oscillations .So we vary transmitting frequency by trim capacitor and get audio output at
speaker of receiver.