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DILLA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
COMMUNICATION STREAM INTERNSHIP

REPORT
COMPANY: ADDIS MEDIA NETWORK (AMN)
DONE BY
ERMIAS W/AMANUEL WORKU
COMPANY SUPERVISOR: Mr. Tewodros Belete

UNIVERSITY SUPERVISOR: Mr.Musie. F
DILLA, ETHIOPIA
September 9, 2023
APPRENTICESHIP REPORT on
BROADCASTING TECHNOLOGY at AMN
Dilla university 20231
DECLARATION
I Ermias W/ amanuel students of electrical engineering at Dilla University, have completed my internship
training at Addis Media Network. I declare that this document is my original work. All the information is
collected from the place that I have worked in.
I announce and certify that my work is made to be original according to the internship report writing
guide line given by the university industry linkage office of the institute.
Name of students Date Signature
1. Ermias W/amanuel -----/-----/---- ------------
I declared that this final internship report and project is done by the above candidate and it has been
submitted with our approval.
Advisor
Musie .F
Signature:-_____________
I
Acknowledgment
At the very beginning I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Almighty God for giving me the
strength to perform my responsibilities as an intern and complete the report within the stipulated time.
Secondly, I would like to express my gratitude and sincere thanks to our respected advisor.Mr.Muse.F
guidance and support that he has provided throughout my apprenticeship period and project work.
I also would like to thank Mr.Tewodros Belete head of technology department of Addis Media Network
for accepting me in to the company and offering me the opportunity to explore and grasp the real world
experience in the broadcasting, Mr. Mulugeta Sisay, Mr.Habtamu Ms Selam for helping me understand
the work flow of the media network and for answering all my questions about the works I did even the
silly once without getting tired of it. Finally, I am grateful to all other members and workers of Addis
Media Network who have helped me directly or indirectly starting from day one and making things easier
for me to work until the completion of this report and project successfully.
I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
It’s clear and obvious that internship is important for student to upgrade the theoretical knowledge they
gained in the university enable them to practice real world work And Increase confidentiality and
powerlessness. It also allows interns to develop core competencies needed to succeed in a business
environment. During the period I stay in Addis Media Network or Addis Ababa Mass Media Agency I
have get so much knowledge and done some tasks with the workers and also I tried to find some problem
and do projects to solve that.
This report expresses about the internship experiences that I have been under taken during the two
consecutive months. In this report I have tried to list the overall aspects of the internship experience. In
the first unit of the report, it provides general information about the hosting agency. It starts from the brief
history of the agency and from the time it has been established. In second unit of the report it describes
mainly about the material land methodology. It starts by describing the sections I had been working on
and continues to tell the different types of tasks that I had accomplished and assessment of the internship
as a whole. In the third chapter it mainly talks about the main experiences gained during my stay in the
company such as theoretical skill, practical team playing skill, interpersonal skill and leadership skills and
soon. The fourth chapter contains conclusions and recommendation for the university as well as for the
company.
I
Acronyms Expantion
AMN Addis Media Network
DU Dilla university
AAMMA Addis Ababa Mass Media agency
IT Information Technology
DJ Disk Jockey
A/D Analog- to-digital converters
D/A Digital-to-analog converters
FM Frequency Modulation
CD Compact Disk
STL Studio-Transmitter Link
EAS Emergency Alert System
RF Radio Frequency
AES Audio Engineering Society
EBU European Broadcasting Union
dB Decibels
PFL Pre fade Listen
TV Television
MP3 MPEG Audio Layer-3
AC-2 Alternating Current -2
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
VTR Videotape recorders
MCR Master Control Room
FTP File Transfer Protocol
LAN Local Area Network
DMNG Digital Mobile News Gathering

OB Outside Broadcasting
DSNG Digital Satellite News Gathering
HD High definition
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
HPA High Power Amplifier
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
I/Q De- modulator
UHD Ultra High Definition
MATLAB MATrix LABoratory
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
TWT Travelling Wave Tube
AM Amplitude Modulation
PM Phase Modulation
ALC Automatic Level Control
DTH Direct-to-Home
QPSK Quaternary Phase Shift Keying
M-APSK Multilevel Amplitude Phase Shift Keying
PAPR Peak-to-Average Power Ratio
CCSDS Consultative Committee for Space Data

Systems
Chapter 1
1. Introduction
1.1 General introduction
In order to achieve my B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering at Dilla university I were

required to complete a semester of industrial apprenticeship. I interned at Addis Media
Network which is a Satellite Broadcasting company.
I have completed my apprenticeship at broadcasting company, most of the share owned by

the Addis Ababa city administration and is a 24-hour news channel. The headquarter is in
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The company was known by the name by Addis Ababa Mass
Media Agency (AAMMA) before it was changed to its current name Addis Media Network
(AMN). AMN is highly known for its use of latest broadcast technology in news gathering
and program production.
In this report, I will first describe about Radio communication system, Satellite TV
system and how a live broadcasting is done.
1.2 Background of Addis Media Network
1.2.1 Brief history of the company
The Addis media network or before the name change known by Addis Ababa Mass Media
Agency (AAMMA) was founded in 1985 by the President of the Ethiopian Press Public
Relations Agency. The company has created various events and opportunities in Addis
Ababa. One of these manifestations is the Addis Ababa City Government Media Agency,
which was established in Proclamation No. 20/2002, and is a board of directors of the
Addis Ababa City Administration. As a result, the Agency has been using the print and
electronic media to monitor the political, social, economic changes and developments of
the city. The company begin with a view to collect, consolidate and disseminate data from
the city administration and provide it for Ethiopians and the international community on
urban, national and international level. It is furthermore managed to make advertising and
related work that will generate revenue at the reasonable price along with the content that
is transmitted.
1.2.2 Main services
There are many services provided by Addis media network. Some of them are listed below.
➢ Prepares and distributes news and news items, programs, descriptions and analyzes that are
relevant to the city's inhabitants.
➢ Establish and organize electronic format broadcasting media and develop a strategy for the
intensification of efficient use of modern technology by qualified technicians and
technicians.
➢ Promote general government policies, strategies and laws. The city will facilitate and
comment on these topics.
➢ Shall actively co-operate with the pertinent bodies of the inhabitants of the city regarding
the constitution of the city, the charter of the city, other laws, and especially human and
democratic rights.
➢ Provide funeral arrangements that will enrich the general public's awareness.
➢ Promote the cultural, historical and natural resources of Addis Ababa City with the
pertinent bodies.
➢ Carry out and present the City's developmental, democratic and good governance issues,
events and agendas.
➢ Provide photographic, advertising, documentation and other Services at a reasonable rate
to a client.
1.2.3 Main customers
At first the main customers of Addis Ababa mass media agency were the people who live
in the Addis Ababa region but now since the service reaches almost everywhere through
satellite broadcasting anyone around the world can use the service by adjusting the
direction of their satellite receivers to the specific degree and direction of the broadcast.
1.2.4 Mission
The mission of Addis Media Network is to establish a modern, efficient and credible
information sharing system through the provision of information service to the national
and urban issues in collaboration with Addis Ababa City Administration and residents. And
to ensure the proper development of good governance in the city.
1.2.5 Vision
The AMN aspires to be one of the five best media outlets in Africa in few years to come
and play a core role in the creation of a democratic society that plays an active role in
promoting rapid and balanced media development.
1.2.6 Objectives
➢ Help to share indigenous knowledge and the culture embedded among the nation since all
sorts of cultures, practices, customs, and experiences are casted through media.
➢ Helps to preserve all languages hence less endangerment.
➢ Working for informed Society that can play an important role in development, democracy
and good governance.
➢ Providing information based on government policies and strategies for inculcating national
consensus.
➢ Working for the realization of the society’s constitutional rights of freedom of expression
in free and democratic manner.
➢ Disseminating the regional nations, nationalities and people’s history, language and
cultural values and natural and manmade heritages.
➢ Providing free, balance and fair news and information.
1.2.7 Institutional Goals

✓ Working for informed Society that can play an important role in development, democracy
and good governance.
✓ Providing information based on government policies and strategies.
✓ Working for the realization of the society’s constitutional right like freedom of expression in free
and democratic manner.
✓ Disseminating the regional nations, nationalities and people’s history, language and
cultural values and natural and manmade heritages.
✓ Providing free, balanced and fair news and information.
1.2.8 Institutional Values

❖ High Quality and Creativity
❖ Team spirit
❖ Pluralism
❖ Participatory
❖ Honesty
❖ Balanced variability
❖ Professional ethics
❖ Providing corruption free service.
1.2.7 Overall organization and work flow
The overall organization management hierarchy of Addis Media Network consists of

several departments.Organization structure, every department are drafted below as an
work flow status.
Figure 1-1 Organizational structure of Addis Media Network
This figure is given by Mr Tewedros Belete my advisor in company

Chapter 2
2. Over all work experience
2.1 How we got in AMN
After the end of the fourth year courses in electrical engineering department in Dilla
University the industrial apprenticeship program starts which lasts for two months. So, I
submitted the paper work for the company that was given from my campus requesting for
internship and AMN technology department gave me acceptance letter. Then I submitted
the acceptance letter to my campus. I received the documentation needed to log my day-
to-day work and evaluation paper to be submitted to the company I got accepted in.
finally after I submitted those papers to AMN I started our work as apprentice.
2.2 The section I worked in
I work in the electrical and IT department section. Mainly with the maintenance and
engineering crew. This crew work on the maintenance of different sections of the
broadcasting equipment and also carry out the installation from simple of new devices to a
whole new studio. The team also install system needed to broadcast live scene from
anywhere if the event is outside the main studio in AMN building.
2.3 The work flow in the section
2.3.1 AMN Engineering and IT department structure

Figure 2-1 AMN Engineering and IT department structure
2.4 Studios and Production facilities

2.3.2 Radio studios
This section explains the facilities used for making radio programs, from the microphone
in the studio to the link that takes the program to the transmitter.
The Radio studio in AMN is a special room where audio programs or contributions are
produced for broadcasting. Apart from its technical facilities, the important thing about
the studio is that its designed or adapted to be isolated from outside sounds, so there is no
background noise interference with a program. Inside it has special acoustic treatment
on the walls and ceilings to control the amount of reverberation (the persistence of sound
due to multiple reflections after the sound source has stopped), so it does not sound as
though a speaker is in a very live environment like a bathroom.
Figure 2-2 Acoustic Studio figure
The AMN Local radio stations have more than one studio. There are several varieties,
depending on the type of programming and whether they are primarily for on-air use or for
recording. A major distinction between the studios is whether the studio has a separate
control room or whether there is a combined, combo, studio and control room.
In a combo, the control board operator is also the presenter or disk jockey (DJ), who does
both tasks simultaneously whenever that’s needed. The combined arrangement is
extremely common for on-air studios.
But in case of AMN a studio with separate control room is used. A studio with a separate
control room is used primarily for more complex productions. The presenters and guests,
or artists (known as talent) are in the studio, and one or more technical operators, often
with other production staff, are in the control room with the technical equipment. There is
a soundproof window between the two areas, for visual communications. Since the AMN
is a very large radio station and broadcasting center, it has larger studio intended for live
music or other performances, with more space in both the studio and control room and
more equipment.
Figure 2-3 studio control room
Figure 2-4 Radio studio
I Studio Operations
Sometimes the radio station produces on-air programs with one or more live presenters and
guests in a studio at the station, playing music and other program segments from various
devices, and taking phone calls on the air. When needed, the on-air studio operator also
selects another studio in the building (e.g., associated with a newsroom), or selects a feed
from a remote source, such as a network or remote sports venue, and integrates that source
into the on-air program. Depending on the station, in some cases whole programs may
also come from a network or program syndication source, with a live feed or recorded
medium.
II Remote Voice-Tracking
Remote voice-tracking takes the process one step further. In this case, a presenter
or DJ at a remote location (maybe his or her home) records all of the voice segments that
link a program together, and stores them as audio files on an audio workstation
or computer. These files are then transferred (over the Internet, a private network,
or a phone line) to the hard drive storage at the local station.
The segments are identified in the automation playlist and are played out on-air seamlessly
with the music, just as though the DJ was in the studio.
Similar techniques allow station group to share programming among different stations, and
in some cases, to control and monitor operations from centralized remote locations.
This is known as central casting.
III Ingest
Ingest involves receiving program material from outside sources and preparing it for use
by the station. Feeds from networks frequently come in on satellite links, and live feeds
may be fed to the on-air mixing console, as shown in Figure below. Other material may be
fed to a recording device for integrating into later programs. Material may also be moved
as audio files between workstations or computers within the radio station, so in AMN the
ingest workstation is separated from the on-air studio. Program segments may be produced
at a different geographic location, different studio or different ingest room and transferred
to the station over a private data network.
Figure 2-5 Radio production room
IV Editing
All editing is carried out using hard disk–based audio workstations. AMN has a unit
dedicated for this purpose. Most types of hard disk recorders are provided with editing
software.
Figure 2-6 Radio edit room
V Audio Storage
The radio AMN stations have much of their prerecorded music, commercials, and other
material stored on computer hard drives and also in the deep archive. The continually
increasing size of this type of storage and continually decreasing cost per megabyte have
made this possible.
Advantages of hard disk storage and playout systems, compared to previous analog
systems, include the following:
➢ Increase in audio quality
➢ Much reduced wear and tear and increased reliability
➢ Easy automation with a single computer program on a single machine
➢ Automatic creation of the program log
➢ More efficient use of station personnel
VI System Considerations
a) Stereo or Mono
In AMN most of the audio equipment and studios are designed to work in two-channel
stereo mode, and virtually produce stereo programming. But the station may combine the
left and right channels to a mono signal at the output of the studio chain.
b) Analog or Digital
The aim of AMN radio broadcasting is to replace equipment based on analog signal
processing with digital equipment. There are many advantages to this change, including
those noted above for hard disk–based storage and a general increase in capabilities.
However, the station still uses analog audio mixing consoles and analog interconnections
because they have serviceable legacy installations. Most items of digital audio equipment
in are used as digital “islands” in an overall analog system, using analog- to-digital and
digital-to-analog converters. Every A/D and D/A conversion introduces a small quality
loss, so the number of conversions backward and forward is kept to a minimum wherever
possible.
VII Audio Mixing Consoles
The audio mixing console is a device that allows several program sources to be mixed,
monitored, and fed to the transmitter. It is often referred to as a mixing board, control board,
or just a mixer board.
Figure 2-7 Radio mixer
The mixing board has multiple signals fed into it from different program sources, such as
microphones, CD players, or a hard disk recorder. It has controls that allow the operator to
select each source and feed one or more simultaneously to a mixed program output called
a bus (from “bus bar,” a metal junction bar joining two or more electrical circuits). Each
input has a level (volume) control known as a fader (also known as a pot from the name
potentiometer, the variable resistor component used in most mixing boards). Faders often
used to be rotary controls; today, sliding linear faders are universal, and the control moves
in a straight line. Other input channel controls usually include a pan-pot (to adjust where a
mono sound source appears to be located when heard on a stereo system), balance for stereo
channels, and, in some cases, equalization to adjust the sound for treble, bass, and so on.
a) Inputs
Board inputs are of two main types: microphone and line inputs. Each feeds a channel on
the mixer (not to be confused with RF channels used for transmission). Microphones have
very small signal outputs and require sensitive channel inputs, which are always analog;
most other equipment and distribution systems provide audio at a much higher line level.
Audio levels are usually quoted in decibels(dB), which is a ratio compared to a standard
level.The mixing boards, whether operating as analog or digital systems internally, are
equipped to accept both analog and AES/EBU digital line level inputs.
b) Outputs
As well as the main program output, the board produces a mix-minus version of the
program to send back to telephone callers. This contains the complete program but without
the contributor’s own audio. If their own voice is returned over the telephone, it may get
fed back into the input channel again, creating a feedback loop.
Mix-minus may also be used on occasions as a cue feed for other live contributions. Boards
usually have other auxiliary outputs, including a feed to recording devices that may be
different from the on-air program.
VIII. microphone
Microphones are a type of transducer - a device which converts energy from one form to another.
Microphones convert acoustical energy (sound waves) into electrical energy (the audio signal).
Figure 2-8
When the diaphragm vibrates, it causes other components in the microphone to vibrate. These vibrations
are converted into an electrical current, which becomes the audio signal.
Diaphragm: The diaphragm is a component found in microphones and loudspeakers. It is a thin, flexible
material that vibrates in response to sound waves. In microphones, the diaphragm converts sound waves
into electrical signals, while in loud speakers it converts electrical signals into sound waves.
2.3.3 Television Studios
This section explains the facilities used for making television programs, from the cameras
and microphones in the studio to the link that takes the program to the transmitter. We will
cover the major parts of the production and distribution chain, and then discuss particular
studio systems and equipment.
Studio Control Rooms
One studio control room multiple house staff and equipment for the purposes listed below
are combined in one room due to the space available at the AMN.
➢ Lighting control
➢ Vision (camera) control
➢ Sound control
➢ Production control
Figure 2-9 Studio B of AMN
Figure 2-10 Studio B of AMN
The lighting control section houses the lighting console with memories for different
settings of light intensities, cross-fades, and so on.The lighting director uses the lighting
console to remotely control each lamp in the studio to achieve the desired effect. The
studio action is viewed on picture monitors in the control room, showing the output of
each camera.
The vision engineer also looks at the picture monitors and the waveform monitors for each
camera, and adjusts remote camera controls to produce good-looking pictures that are also
technically correct.The audio control area of AMN has an audio mixing console and
associated equipment, where the sound supervisor is responsible for producing the audio mix
from the studio microphones and other sound sources.
Figure 2-11 Audio mixer area of studio
Production control contains desk with control panel for the video switcher, operated by the
technical director, and other equipment such as a character generator and graphics system. This
is also where the producer and other production staff sit. A bank of picture monitors, often
mounted in a monitor wall, shows the output of each studio camera and other video sources,
with two larger monitors for the Program and Preview outputs.
Figure 2-12 CG control
Figure 2-13 Control room monitor

Master control room
The master control room in AMN is able to accept video material in any format and store
the associated metadata in an easy and reliable way at the archive and deep archive in the
server room. First traditional videotape ingests were done using VTRs controlled remotely
but with manual supervision if required. Now file-based ingest is done as the MCR is able
to connect to remote FTPs as well as corporate LANs.
Figure 2-14 Master control room of AMN
System Considerations
It will be apparent from the previous description that having to deal with vision as well as
sound produces a major increase in complexity for a television studio. This extends all the
way through the system. As with radio, some basic considerations apply to all tele-vision
systems, including the following points.
a) Standard or High Definition
Addis Media Network programming is produced and distributed both in high definition
(HD) format and standard definition (SD) format.
b) Analog or Digital
The aim of Addis Media Network television broadcasting is to replace nearly all analog
equipment with digital. Not only for recording and editing video signals easily, but also
throughout the program chain, and is virtually obligatory for high-definition systems.
As with audio, some digital video equipment, such as a digital server, used as a digital
“island” in an analog system, using analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters on
the unit’s input and output.
c) Compressed or Uncompressed Signal Distribution
There are alternative methods for distributing and recording digital signals within the
broadcast plant, involving compressed bit streams in place of base band signals.
File Transfer or Real-Time Video and Audio Distribution in both the Video Servers and
Ingest and Conversion, there is an increasing use of data files for moving program material
about. AMN uses computer networks instead of standard video and audio distribution.
Studio System
Much-simplified block diagram of a TV production studio system of AMN, showing a

video switcher with various program sources, including cameras, video recorders and video
servers, graphics system, character generator, and possibly other local and remote sources.
It is apparent that the general arrangement is similar to the radio studio system.
Where a source, such as a video server, provides an audio feed as well as video, then the audio
is fed to a separate audio mixer, which is controlled separately from the video switcher, and
which also takes audio-only sources such as the studio microphones, music, and sound effects
and produce a program output.
As shown in the figure, there are several outputs from the switcher to feed picture monitors,
the video recorder or server, and the program distribution. Not shown on the figure are the
picture monitors that are provided for all program sources, or additional outputs for
technical monitoring positions such as vision, lighting, and sound operators.
Television Cameras
AMN are currently using best-performing CCD color cameras, as used for broadcasting,
actually use three CCDs—one each to scan the electric charge image created by the red, green,
and blue light coming through the lens. The light from the lens passes through an optical beam
splitter, based on glass prisms, which splits the incoming optical image into three different
color beams (red, green, and blue). The beams then pass-through additional filters, which
remove any remaining unwanted colors, and the purified individual color images fall onto
their own individual CCDs, where they are scanned.
Figure 2-15
Videotape Recorders
Videotape recorders (VTRs) use magnetic tape as the media on which the program material
is stored.
VTR uses both analog or digital recording. The VTRs at AMN are currently used for
different purposes rather than recording programs. They are used as
➢ Embedder and Dis-embedder
They embed audio and video signals from different sources for transmission purpose
Also dis-embed embedded signals in to separate audio and video signals; this is do-
mainly for editing purpose separately.
➢ Encoder and Decoder
They are used to encode and decode signals they receive as needed for transmission
purpose.
VTR ( video tape recorder ) Server room
Figure 2-17 AMN server room

Figure 2-16 VTR
2,4.5 Live broadcasting

DSNG
Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) system is used as mobile earth station. To
perform live broadcasting from a remote place where any physical link like optical fiber,
transmission wire, radio link is not available, then the satellite link is the only way to send
the raw footage to the TV station.
Figure 2-18A MN DSN

After transmitting the raw footage by DSNG, main station receives that signal. It comes to
the base band section, processed and then made ready for final on-air through the main up-link
antenna.
DMNG
DMNG stands for Digital Mobile News Gathering. DMNG is basically a mobile app. AMN
sometimes use this system Where cable connection is unavailable and satellite link is
unnecessary.
OB Van
A television production truck or OB van is a small mobile production control room to

allow filming of events and video production at locations outside a regular television
studio. AMN uses it for remote broadcasts and outside broadcasting(OB). Sometimes
the OB require a crew of as many as 20 people, with additional trucks for additional
equipment like a power generator and BMC cables as well as a satellite truck(DSNG),
which transmits video back to the studio by sending it up through a
communications satellite using a satellite dish, which then transmits it back down to the
studio
Figure 2-19 OB Van of AMN

APPRENTICESHIP-REPORT-on
2.4.5 microwave adjustment
Figure - 20 figure - 21 microwave propagation
f igure - 22
Here it shows the the earth station and the uplink station of the satellite .
Adjustment of the microwave components involves optimizing the performance and alignment of various
elements such as microwave antennas, transmitters, receivers, and amplifiers. This ensures that the
microwave signals are transmitted efficiently, with minimal loss and distortion, resulting in reliable and
high-quality TV reception. Microwave adjustment is essential to maintain the proper functioning of TV
satellite systems, as any misalignment or improper settings can lead to signal degradation, loss of picture
quality, or even complete signal failure. Skilled technicians or engineers typically perform these
adjustments using specialized equipment and knowledge of microwave technology.
2.4.6 ICT department
The ICT case team is responsible to fix and maintain computer and networking problems in the company.
Untwisting of wire pairs must be kept to an absolute minimum to reduce crosstalk of data or noise signals
from an adjacent wire pair and to ensure reliable LAN communications.
29
figure - 23
Good connector – wires are untwisted to the extent necessary to attach the connector.
Hub
A hub connects individual devices on an Ethernet network so that they can communicate with one
another. The hub operates by gathering the signals from individual network devices, optionally
amplifying the signals, and then sending them onto all other connected devices.
Switch
Like a hub, switch a device that connects individual devices on an Ethernet network so that
they can communicate with one another. But a switch also has an additional capability; it momentarily
connects the sending and receiving devices so that they can use the entire bandwidth of the network
without interference.
Router
Router used to connect two or more networks However; routers are much more powerful than switch
Routers can filter traffic so that only authorized personnel can enter restricted areas.
They can permit or deny network communications with a particular Web site. They can
recommend the best route for information to travel. As network traffic changes during the day,
routers can redirect information to take less congested routes.
30
Hub switch router
Figure-24 figure- 25 figure- 26
Chapter 3
3.0 Benefits gained from the industrial apprenticeship
Introduction
An internship at AMN was a good introduction to the career I may want to pursue after I
complete our BSc. Despite the main purpose of the apprenticeship being for the intern to
gain experience in the field of work, this internship allowed me to receive university
credit upon completion. Working as an intern at AMN has helped me gain valuable work
experience, fulfill our college requirement and gave me a material to add to my resume.
They introduced me to many aspects of full-time employment while allowing me to
explore my interests and form my personal career goals.
3.1 Benefits of internships
Some of the benefits of working as an apprentice at the AMN are listed below.
➢ Job experience
I have gained valuable exposure to how the system of TV broadcasting is carried out. I
took part in meetings and performed assigned tasks for the company whenever I were
required.
➢ Research experience
31
I had a chance to test the research skills I learned in our college courses in a practical
setting and meaningfully contribute to the important work the company does.
➢ Access to a variety of tasks and departments
The AMN company enabled me to get exposure to people in various departments and
jobs like the engineering department as well as the ICT department. The company
management made me work almost in every possible department where I got to see how
each department works and this will help me to decide what kind of job in the
broadcasting industry I might like to pursue.
➢ Mentorship
Although most valuable mentor relationships often start with a personal connection that
enhances the experience for both the mentor and working as an intern in AMN may
allowed me to meet a potential mentor naturally and I believe that I have established a
relationship that helps guide my career path.
➢ Help guide career goals
During my education in Dilla university , I have studied a variety of subjects to

determine my interests. This internship gave me job experience by introducing me to daily
rigors and tasks without a firm commitment to this precise career track. It helped me
decide if certain jobs at the broadcasting industry fit our individual personality and my
talents and allowed me to meet people who gave me career advice and guidance.
➢ Create a professional network
The Internship at AMN was practical way to expand my job network. I have mate many
professionals I hope that might be the most valuable connection to my future jobs.
3.2 Theoretical Knowledge

I have been able to gain a great deal of knowledge in this internship. Among them I will try to mention
32
some of them. They are:-
❖ Learning the different studio equipment’s and their application in the studio.
❖ Learning and reading different manuals that were used as guidance.
❖ Learning different kinds of electronics devise and their use in real life. Example, mixer, hybrid
phone, transmitter, receiver, different mic .
3.3 Practical Skill
Almost all the time I have spent in campus was theoretical knowledge. To change this theoretical
knowledge to practical skill there should be a chance like internship program. Using this opportunity I
was practically performed the following field of study.
❖ Television production process
❖ video editing
❖ sound recording
❖ photo editing
❖ cabling
3. 4 Team Playing Skill

It is a skill of a person to work with other people co-cooperatively. This skill was developed easily and
rapidly. It begins when I am in campus. Some assignments and projects are done in groups.
3.5 Leadership Skills

At the company I have been able to see different workers in hierarchy work and lead the company in
straight way. During these times I have been able to observe that one should have great skills to be a
leader.
Among them:
❖ Good speaking ability.
❖ To have the ability to listen to others.
❖ To be decisive.
❖ Good management skills.
❖ To know the subject one is working on thoroughly.
I personaly were a representative of intern students who were from GONDAR ,
ADAMA, and Dilla university.
3.6 Work Ethics

33
My supervisor was always advising me that I should be an ethical and responsible professional for the
future. He has been showing how to develop this good behavior during my stay on the company with him.
And also he told me lots of practical cases that related to work ethic that he could see when he was
working in different company. On my stay in the company I was very punctual, daily attendant of the
work & responsible to my profession. During this program I had developed my work ethics.
3.6 Entrepreneurship Skill

I have got some chances to see the business in other means and how to make money in our profession the
only thing that you need is best communication with professionals in communication and electronics
department to involve in project. But this time beyond this I couldn’t share other thing because of i have
challenges faced. But, now a day there is a great opportunity to make money because in our country
networking developing company is newly coming so I can work on more on this company in order to
make money and to develop technological achievements in our country. Networking is very essential
subject of everything in our world, and in our country so this internship program makes me very
motivated to participate in networking field to expand my experience to others by making groups as a
business group.
Chapter 4
4.Conclusion and Recommendation
3.1 Conclusion
I can generalize that the overall apprenticeship program was very fruitful in terms of
helping us gain experience of the real-world working environment. During the time of my
work as interns at AMN we have developed different skill including learning how to work
in group and develop team spirit, leadership skills, identifying problems and trying to
produce solutions to them and also improve my communication skills with the staff of the
company as well as with each other.
So, I can conclude that my internship period was a rewarding experience and provided
us with new perspectives of the work environment before we even didn’t get in yet.
3.2 Limitation and recommendation
3.2.1 Limitation
34
Even though I had an overall good experience throughout the internship, there were some
hardships I faced that can be improved to make the apprenticeship at the company more
efficient. Here is the list of limitations I faced from both sides.
a) Limitations of AMN
➢ During our apprenticeship period in the company, there were times where the
coordination of interns could have been handled better.
b) Limitations of the university
➢ The university and specifically our department should have arranged a proper
communication with companies on our behalf to make the acceptance process much
easier.
➢ If our department was not able to do the point mentioned above, at least it could
have given me some time to look for companies for the apprenticeship
➢ I also had faced financial difficulty during the internship program as the required
body didn’t make me internship payment on time.
4.3 Recommendation
I really appreciate the whole working environment at AMN, which is really good and
inspired me to do more during my stay there. But there are some shortcomings in every
good thing so I recommend few changes at AMN to make it easier for interns like me
adjust quickly with the works I do.
➢ Well planned schedule of the key works to be done for the apprenticeship period
by the company.
➢ And office for the interns to carry out some of the works
➢ The university should be more worry about the internship companies and payment
beforehand to reduce the difficulties faced by the interns.
35

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DILLA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

COMMUNICATION STREAM INTERNSHIP

ERMIAS W/AMANUEL WORKU

COMPANY SUPERVISOR: Mr. Tewodros Belete

Name of students Date Signature

1. Ermias W/amanuel -----/-----/---- ------------

AMN Addis Media Network

AAMMA Addis Ababa Mass Media agency

A/D Analog- to-digital converters

D/A Digital-to-analog converters

STL Studio-Transmitter Link

EAS Emergency Alert System

AES Audio Engineering Society

EBU European Broadcasting Union

PFL Pre fade Listen

MP3 MPEG Audio Layer-3

AC-2 Alternating Current -2

MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group

VTR Videotape recorders

MCR Master Control Room

FTP File Transfer Protocol

LAN Local Area Network

DMNG Digital Mobile News Gathering

DSNG Digital Satellite News Gathering

HPA High Power Amplifier

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

I/Q De- modulator

UHD Ultra High Definition

MATLAB MATrix LABoratory

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

TWT Travelling Wave Tube

ALC Automatic Level Control

QPSK Quaternary Phase Shift Keying

M-APSK Multilevel Amplitude Phase Shift Keying

PAPR Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

CCSDS Consultative Committee for Space Data

1.1 General introduction

In order to achieve my B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering at Dilla university I were

I have completed my apprenticeship at broadcasting company, most of the share owned by

1.2 Background of Addis Media Network

1.2.1 Brief history of the company

1.2.2 Main services

1.2.3 Main customers

1.2.7 Institutional Goals

1.2.8 Institutional Values

❖ Providing corruption free service.

1.2.7 Overall organization and work flow

The overall organization management hierarchy of Addis Media Network consists of

Figure 1-1 Organizational structure of Addis Media Network

This figure is given by Mr Tewedros Belete my advisor in company

2. Over all work experience

2.1 How we got in AMN

2.2 The section I worked in

2.3 The work flow in the section

2.3.1 AMN Engineering and IT department structure

Figure 2-1 AMN Engineering and IT department structure

2.4 Studios and Production facilities

2.3.2 Radio studios

Figure 2-2 Acoustic Studio figure

Figure 2-3 studio control room