3.

The most remarkable revolution in the Philippine government is the EDSARevolution, which ended
the term of former president Ferdinand Marcos, andshowcases the people's power. It means that
mutiny works as an advantage for thepeople or to the mutineers.

Lesson 1 Making Sense of the Past : Historical

Interpretation

Geoffry Barraclough - the attempt to discover on the basis of fragmentary evidence, the significant
things about the past. “The history we read through based on facts, is strictly speaking, not factual at all
but a series of accepted judgements.”

The code of Kalantiaw - mythical legal code in the epic history Maragtas. “ a non historian interpreting a
primary source may do more harm than good.

Sa aking mga Kabata (published in 1906 - 10 years after his death) - purportedly Written by Rizal when 8
years old but no evidence to support the claim. - First Published at Hermenegildo Book Cruz , claimed
that it was from Gabriel Beato Francisco, who claim that it was from friend of Rizal Saturnino Raselis

Teodora Alonso - mother of rizal

There is a controversy that the Author of “ Sa Aking Mga Kabata” isnot Rizal’s work. It is because there is
evidence that showed that he was unlikely to write it. The first evidence was the poem published after
his death but throughout his life, he nevermentioned it. Second, there is no original manuscript which
proves that it was written by Rizal. Third, the poem was written in Tagalog which Rizal finds difficult to
express in his writing using the Filipino language, and the poem has the word “kalayaan” which
contradicts the fact that he doesn’t know that word until he encountered this word in Marcelo H. Del
Pilar’s Letter. Last, Saturnino Raselis who released this poem was never mentioned by Rizal as his close
friend.

Multiperspectivity is looking back at history with multiple points of view in historical events,
personalities, developments, cultures, and societies.

It applies to historical writings in such a way that different historians interpret the historic events with
their own views of perspective. Different historians have different points of view and can deliver
different interpretations of the same subject matter. Multiprepectivity can create complex information
but it will dig deeper understanding if we look into different perspectives of historians in the same
event.

For example: If there is someone who will write about my life. The understanding of my life will depend
on how the author narrates and presents my life to the readers. It's up to him on how he will highlight
the events and how he will reject some truths in my story.

Lesson 2 The site of First Mass of the Philippines

LIMASAWA ACCOUNTS

Account/Version of Chronological Event

Similarities Differences

Francisco Albo Logbook / Firstmate of Magellan in Trinidad Ship (1521-)

His account stated that Mazaua was one of the islands they landed.

Mentioned different islands that they landed like Gada,Seilani, & Baibai on his account.

Antonio Pigafetta / Magellan’s Assistant (

In his journal, they celebrated the first mass in shore of Mazaua

Describes how Filipinos welcomed and treated them. He also mentioned the rich culture they
experienced during their stay.
Miguel Lopez De Legazpi / Spanish Navigator (1564)

Caught sight of the Philippines and entered the same point as where Magellan’s set foot first which is
the Samar Island.

The term use is Mazagua instead of Mazaua.

Jose Arcilla / Author of Introduction to the Philippines (1999)

Magellan reached Limasawa Island

He emphasized that Magellan did not go to Butuan.

BUTUAN ACCOUNTS

Account/Version of Chronological Event

Similarities Differences

Arguments : (Use these statements when you are assigned to be on the PRO/Govt/

Affirmative side)

There are events in history that will prove that mutinies are used by the government

to exercise power. The first event was the 1872 Cavite Mutiny which the
Governor-general Rafael de Izquierdo and the Friars used as their advantage. They used this event to
implicate the three Filipino Catholic Priests namely Father Mariano

Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA), and other notable Filipino is

known for their liberal learnings.

The Philippine Revolution in 1892-1896 is another example of how the government

uses mutiny as their advantage. When the Spaniards discover that Andres Bonifacio

organized the secret society Katipunan, they find ways to arrest Dr. Jose Rizal. He was

executed in the public to serve as a warning to every Filipinos who want to rebel against the Spanish
government. That was how they showed their superiority in the Filipinos.

Another supporting event to this claim is the First Quarter Storm of 1970. It was the

period of Philippine civil unrest under the regime of former President Ferdinand Marcos.

A series of demonstration, protest, and marches against his administration which

resulted in the proclamation of martial law. It is undeniable that martial law shows how

powerful our government is. The government cut back the press freedom, controls the media, orders
the arrest of opposition leaders and military activists, and lets the political

opponent go into exile.

Counter Arguments: (Use these statements when you are assigned to be on the

Opposition/Negative side)

Mutiny started because of the people who want justification, equality, and good governance. These are
the reasons why it does not serve any advantages to the

government. A good example is the 1872 Cavite Mutiny. The result of the 1872 Cavite

Mutiny angers more Filipinos. It gave more power and eagerness to pursue the rebellion

and reform the government for the people’s advantage.

Another good example to oppose this statement is the Philippine Revolution in

1892-1896. This revolution resulted in the proclamation of the independence of the

Philippines from the Spaniard Colonies. See how this mutiny works against the government? It can lead
to government reform.

The most remarkable revolution in the Philippine government is the EDSA

Revolution, which ended the term of former president Ferdinand Marcos, and

showcases the people's power. It means that mutiny works as an advantage for the

people or to the mutineers.