Grout - composite material generally consisting of water, cement, and sand.

- It is typically used for filling voids under machines or other structural elements, sealing joints
and opening in surfaces

Grouting - the process of placing a material into cavities in concrete or masonry structure for the
purpose of increasing the load bearing capacity of a structure filling voids around precast
connections steel base plates, providing fire stops, stopping leakages, placing adhesives, and soil
stabilization.
Functions

- They are used in repairing concrete cracks, filling seams and gaps in files, gaps for sealing and
waterproofing.
- It is also used to give additional strength to the foundations of load-bearing structures.

Different types and techniques of Grouting

CEMENT GROUTING

is used to seal wide cracks particularly in gravity dams, canal linings, foundations, and thick concrete
walls and it is also used for enhancing strength to machine foundations, base plate, or anchor bolts.
CHEMICAL GROUTING

Consists of polymers such as acrylic, polyurethane, sodium silicate, epoxy, or any other suitable
polymer. Chemical grouts are an emulsion of water and liquid resin.

 Chemical grouting requires injection of specially formulated chemical grouts into finer cracks
that cannot be possible by cement grouts. They can be be applied in moist environments and
can fill very fine cracks.
 Compaction Grouting:

This type of grouting involves injecting a thick consistency of soil-cement grout under pressure into
the soil mass, consolidating and thereby stabilizing surrounding soils.

The grout mix is designed in a way so that it does not permeate the soil voids or mix with the soil.
Instead, it displaces the soil into which it is injected.

Jet Grouting

In this type of grouting, high-velocity fluid jet is used to physically disrupt the ground. The soil is
eroded and grout is mixed with the soil during the process and thereby improving it. It is more costly
than permeation grouting.
Rock / Fissure Grouting

Rock grouting is fully or partly filling fissures, fractures, or joints in a rock mass by grout injection
without creating new or opening existing fractures.

The grout is injected under pressure through a gap drilled into the rock mass for treatment. This
type of grouting is normally done in fissured rock to reduce the flow of water along the joints.
Compensation Grouting

In compensation or fracture grouting, cement slurry grout is injected into the soil with excessive
pressure to form root-like or skinny lenses within the soil mass.

The root-like lenses compact the nearby soil and help to lift the overlying soil and structures. It
considerably increases the density of soil mass and its macroscopic strength.