PROJECT ON

GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUE BY

GROUTING
PRESENTATION BY
BATCH NO. 10
J. VINAY
R. SHASHIKANTH
ABHINAV KUMAR

Guided By:
Mr. A SRINIVAS
(Asst.Prof)

Department of Civil Engineering

St. Mary’s Engineering College
Hyderabad
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVES
 TYPES OF GIT
 GROUTING
 GROUTING MATERIALS
 METHODS OF GROUTING
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION
 WHAT IS A GROUND IMPROVEMENT
TECHNIQUE ?

 Ground improvement technique is the process of improving the geo-

technical characteristics of soil used in construction.
 The soil at construction site is not always totally suitable for
supporting structures such as buildings, bridges, highways and dams.
 For example, in granular soils, in-situ soil may be very loose and
indicate large elastic settlement. Under these conditions, soil needs to
be densified to increase its unit weight and shear strength.
OBJECTIVES

 The main objectives of ground improvement is following

below….

 To reduce settlement of structures.

 To reduce shrinkage and swelling of soils.
 To increase shear strength and bearing capacity of soils.
 Also increases durability, stiffness and stability of the soil.
TYPES OF GROUND IMPROVEMENT
TECHNIQUES

 GROUTING
 COMPACTION PILE
 BLASTING
 PRECOMPRESSION STONE COLUMN
 VIBROFLOTATION
 THERMAL TREATMENT
 ELECTRO OSMOSIS
GROUTING
 Grouting is a process where by fluid like material, either in suspension or in
solution form are injected into subsurface soil or rock to achieve a decrease in
permeability and compressibility.
 To improve its strength or to decrease seepage flow. The treatment may be
applied as a preventive measure before construction or as a rehabilitative
treatment for structures suffering post construction distress due to poor soil
condition.
 GROUT MATERIALS
A large variety of materials can be used for grouting, that selection
depends on requirements of durability, penetration, and strength.

Grout materials are classified as follows

 SUSPENSION GROUT
 EMULSION GROUT
 SOLUTION GROUT
 SUSPENSION GROUT

This type comprises of mixture of cement

plus water and other particulate solids such as
clay, fly ash, lime, asphalt emulsion etc. The
suspensions are injected into soil mass to promote
permeation.
One of the most commonly adopted
suspension grout is cement grout.
EMULSION GROUT

These are colloidal solutions, evaluative Newtonian fluids in which

viscosity progressively increasing with the time.
Ex. sodium silicate based
SOLUTION GROUT
The liquid homogeneous molecular mixtures of two or
more substances is solution grout.
 Ex. Organic resins and a wide variety of chemical grouts.
 TYPES OF GROUTING

 PENETRATION/PERMEATION GROUTING

 COMPACTION GROUTING

 HYDROFRACTURE GROUTING

 JET GROUTING
 PENETRATION/PERMEATION GROUTING

 Penetration grouting describes the process

of filling joints or fractures in rock or pore
spaces in soil with a grout without
disturbing the formation.
 Permeation grouting is defined as a means
of impregnating the voids within the soil or
rock mass and thereby displacing water and
air from the voids and replacing it with the
grout, without displacing the soil particles
are widening the existing fissures in the
rock.
ADVANTAGES
 Economical cost
 Non vibratory
 Limited work space required
 Formation is undisturbed

DISADVANTAGES
 Low strength
 High compressibility
 COMPACTION GROUTING
 The basic concept of compaction grouting is that of injecting a growing bulb of
grout that acts as a radial hydraulic Jack, displacing surrounding soil particles and
thus radially compacting the soil from the point of injection.
 This grouting uses controlled displacement to increase the density of soft or loose
soils. It is typically used for settlement control and structural re-leveling.
ADVANTAGES
 Suitable where access is difficult and space is limited.
 No connections to the existing foundation structure.
 Can be installed in very short time.
 No waste soil deposal.

DISADVANTAGES
 Relatively ineffective at shallow depths.
 Prohibitive costs for problem soils at great depth.
 HYDROFRACTURE GROUTING
 It is a grouting technique in which a
low viscosity cement grout is injected
under high pressure.
 The grout will split open the ground
using hydro fracturing and it creates
lenses that would penetrate void spaces
or fractures.
 Soils are also displaced using this
process.
ADVANTAGES

 The control of settlement is carried out from outside the

building and hence there is no disruption to the occupants.
 The process can be repeated allowing continued control of
settlement (if required).
JET GROUTING
The ASCE “Geotechnical Engineering Division Committee “ on grouting defined
Jet grouting as a “technique utilizing a special drill bit with horizontal and vertical
high speed water jets to excavate alluvial soils and produce hard impervious column
by pumping grout through the horizontal nozzles that jets and mixes with
foundation material as the drill bit is with drawn” Can be applied to soils ranging
from gravel to clays.
ADVANTAGES

 No harmful vibrations.
 Maintenance-free.
 Safest method of under pinning construction.
 Much faster than alternative method.

DISADVANTAGES

The method is still under development.

 It is difficult to determine the column that will form in the ground.
 Column diameters may be different depending on the soil type.
APPLICATIONS

 Control of groundwater during construction.

 Void filing to prevent excessive settlement.
 Soil strengthening to reduce lateral support requirements.
 Stabilization of loose sands against liquefaction.
 Foundation underpinning.
CONCLUSION

 Many Engineers still considering this grouting technique as a art

rather than a science.
 Its successful application requires a great deal of experience,
thorough knowledge of geological conditions and awareness of
equipment capabilities and limitations.