GROUND

IMPROVEMENT
Grout
 What is Grout ?
Grout
Typically, a grout mixture consists of :
sand, cement ( a micro-fine cement) , and water.

This dense fluid is used to fill gaps or used as reinforcement in existing

structures
Why do we use Grout?
Injection grouting :

Injection grouting is a ground improvement technique that

involves injecting a fluid material (usually a cement-based
grout) into the ground to fill voids, strengthen soil, and improve
its load-bearing capacity
LITREUER REVIEW ABOUT GROUTING IN
SOIL:
◦ LITREUER REVIEW ABOUT GROUTING IN SOIL
◦ A study by Jafari and Nikudel (2021) evaluated the effectiveness of grouting in improving the
performance of shallow foundations on weak soil. The study found that grouting can significantly
improve the load-bearing capacity of shallow foundations on weak soil, reducing the risk of settlement
and failure

◦ A review of literature on grouting in soil by Wang et al. (2019) concluded that grouting can improve the
engineering properties of soil by filling voids, increasing soil strength, and reducing permeability. The
authors noted that grouting can be effective in stabilizing soil and preventing settlement of structures
built on or in the ground
◦ Overall, the literature suggests that grouting can be an effective and
useful ground improvement technique for improving soil properties
and ensuring the stability of structures built on or in the ground.
However, it is important to carefully plan and execute the grouting
process to achieve the desired results and avoid any unexpected
results.
 Types of grouting materials:
◦ 1.Un-sanded Grouting:
◦ It is used for wall tiles where the grout joint is lower than 1/8” wide.
◦ 2.Finely Sanded Grouting:
◦ It is used for flooring tiles, where the joints are 1/8” to 3/8” wide.
◦ 3.Cementations grouting:
◦ It is used for mass placement in caustic environments.
◦ 4.Chemical grouting:
◦ It is used to control seepage, shut-off seepage, and soil stabilization.
◦ 5.Epoxy Grouting:
◦ It contains an epoxy resin and hardener.
◦ Epoxy grout for ceramic tile is very resistant to stains and chemicals, it has amazing bond energy.
Which type should be used ?
◦ Each type of ground grouting has its own advantages and
limitations, and the selection of the appropriate grouting
technique depends on the specific soil conditions, site
constraints, and project requirements .
 Testing and specification :
◦ Testing and specification of grouting in soil are important steps to ensure that the grouting process is effective
and meets the criteria .

◦ Here are some common tests and specifications used for grouting in soil:
◦ -Pre-grouting site investigation
◦ Grout properties
◦ Injection pressure and rate
◦ Injection pattern and spacing
◦ Verification testing: Verification testing, such as pressure testing or load testing, should be carried out after the
grouting process to confirm that the desired results have been achieved.
◦ Monitoring and documentation
Advantages of Grouting:

◦ Increased stability.
◦ Increase soil property and bearing capacity
◦ Cost-effective
◦ Durability
◦ Environmental benefits
Application of Grouting:
Grouting is a versatile soil improvement technique that can be used in a wide
range of applications, including:

◦ 1-Stabilization of foundation structures. (Decrease settlement ).

◦ 2-New foundation construction (to increase the B.C under the foundation).

◦ 3-Tunnelling: Grouting can be used to stabilize soil and prevent water ingress during tunnelling
operations.

◦ 4-Liquefaction mitigation
Uses :
Grout machine
Project :
◦ Location : Arab potash company
◦ Job : grout ground to stop Water leakage in dike .