DOOR SYSTEMS

-What is door ?
-Is this a door or facade?
-Why are we need it or who are
we?
-Where we use it?
-There are how many types of
doors we use ?
DOOR SYSTEMS
-What is door ? :
:DOORS are used to enter a place.
-Is this a door or facade?
:BOTH
-Why are we need it or who are we?
:Not only People…
-Where we use it?
: ALL types of living areas
-There are how many types of doors we
use ?
: may VARY according to material, opening
direction, dimensions or usage.
DOOR SYSTEMS

Door systems can be

explained under 2 main
headings.

1- Exterior Doors

2- Interior Doors
DOOR SYSTEMS

1- EXTERIOR DOORS

The doors differ according to

their opening xxxxxx and xxxxxx.
DOOR SYSTEMS

The most important point to

be considered in detailing is
the elimination of leaking
water in case the joints take
water.
Material should be selected
according to water and
temperature differences.
DOOR SYSTEMS
‘Generally White pine is preferred
for interior doors and finding pine
is preferred for exterior doors.
Hardwoods such as walnut, oak,
olive, cherry, mahogany are
preferred in veneer doors.
It is important that the wood is
dried before processing. ”E.
ERTEN
DOOR SYSTEMS

2- INTERIOR DOORS

The indoor environment

and humidity are the
same, so there may be
functional differences.
 Outward opening

Inward opening
Exterior doors
Sliding doors

DOOR Revolving doors

Normal
Interior doors Accordion doors

Swing doors
DOOR SYSTEMS
Doors in the houses should be
opened in the space. In crowded
places, they should be opened
outwards. Particularly in
classrooms, meeting halls,
cinemas, etc., it in order to
prevent panic during the panic, it
is important to open the doors
outwards.
DOOR SYSTEMS

The placement of doors in large and small spaces may vary.

In large spaces it creates an effective appearance in the middle of the wall, whereas in small
spaces it is preferable to be on the side in order to arrange the placement of the items.
DOOR SYSTEMS
Width and Height Depending on
Functions:
Door dimensions vary according to the
buildings and volumes to which it is connected.

By means of a door intended for direct human

entry and exit, the entrance and exit of vehicles
and animals are selected in different sizes and
sizes, providing comfortable entry and exit. The
finished dimensions of the doors are
determined in a coarse structure. It is shown in
application projects and details.
DOOR SYSTEMS
Width and Height Depending on
Functions:

The correct separation of the cavity to be

left in the coarse structure depends on the
correct determination of the frame
dimensions on the door lintel and on the
sides. Subsequent correction of door
opening constrictive errors causes detail
errors.
The casing must be installed before the
doors can be placed in the wall opening.
DOOR SYSTEMS
Door Widths:

• at the entrance gates of general buildings from

2.00 meters
• not less than 1.50 meters in other buildings (and
doors leading to fire escapes).
• The entrance door width of detached houses can
be reduced to 1.20 meters.
• widths of shops and flats from 1.00 meters
• 0.90 meters in the room and kitchen doors,
• not less than 0.80 meters for other interior doors.
revolving doors, in addition to normal doors to be
made in the specified dimensions.
Door Widths:

The width of the doors is determined

according to the purpose of the
volumes to which they are connected.

For living volumes, the width of the

door should be at least 80 cm. need
to be, so furniture is easier to
transport.

60 cm for shower, WC, pantry.

Finished clearance is considered
sufficient.
Detectable widths for doors:
In single leaf doors;
Average 70 cm.
Normal 80 cm.
The most suitable 90 cm.
Large 100 cm.
For second order
volumes;
Smallest: 55 - 60 cm.
Normal: 70 cm.
For apartment entrance doors;
Normal: 90 cm
Best Available: 100 cm
For Building Entrance Doors:
115 cm
DOOR HEIGHTS IN ZONING
REGULATIONS :

• building entrance and shop entrance

gates from 2.20 meters

• apartments, rooms and service doors

2.10 meters

• 2.00 for interior doors and outbuilding

doors in non-settled basement floors
meters.
Doors according to wing opening
Door Elements:

- A door must have hinges.

-The material to be used in the

door mirror must be light.

-Insulation materials should be

placed in the space between
the two surfaces in terms of
sound and thermal insulation.
Door Elements:

- In addition, the noise, the wind does

not enter the building, through the
door way and the door way, both joints
and surface damage caused by heat
loss must be prevented

-Light systems that may be in an internal

door should not be applied to external
doors.

-Insulation materials should be placed in

the space between the two surfaces in
terms of sound and thermal insulation.
Door Elements:

- Movement of disabled people,

fire exits and similar actions shall
not be taken to prevent actions.

- Bathroom doors shall be provided

with an arrangement that naturally
provides fresh air from the bottom..

-The doors cannot be set to the

threshold.
Threshold:

It is a protection and transition

element between indoor and
outdoor.
It regulates the level
difference between the indoor
and outdoor spaces and the
floor thickness according to
the coating materials.
GLASS
WINDOW SYSTEMS

Windows are the elements

placed in the openings
made on the walls to see the
outside, to get air and light.
It is necessary to protect the
building against external
factors.
*important design element
THE DUTIES OF
WINDOWS

The functions expected from a window are

generally as follows;

a-enough light in the interior

b-adequate ventilation of the interior
c-visual connection with the external environment
d-protection of the interior against external factors
A-
Getting enough light from the interior
The window provides light,
visibility and air and requires
protection from unwanted external
factors. However, the window may
not always provide this protection.
In such cases it is necessary to
refer to the use of auxiliary
elements (roller shutters, etc.
A-
Getting enough light from the interior
It is very important to benefit
from natural light in interior
arrangement. Adequate
illumination of the place with
natural light will benefit both in
terms of healthy living
conditions, comfort and
economy.
A-
Getting enough light from the interior
Nowadays, the regulations that
determine the window dimensions
are applied. This practice provides
the required quality to a certain
extent, but it is not entirely sufficient.
The architect's decisions and
approaches in the formation of the
façade may sometimes put the need
for space light in the second place.
B-
Adequate ventilation of the interior
Ventilation should be
arranged in the windows to
allow cold air to enter from
the bottom and hot air to
exit from the top. The
ventilation factor should
also take into account the
rain factor.
B-
Adequate ventilation of the interior
Ventilation is provided by
the pressure difference
caused by the wind on
the two surfaces of the
building or by the
temperature difference
between the outdoor and
indoor environments.
B-
Adequate ventilation of the interior
C-
Providing visual connection with the external environment
The visual connection with the
external environment is the perception
of the external environment from the
internal environment. There are
physical and psychological factors in
this relationship.
In terms of physical factors, the
window sash length should be suitable
for this action in cases of people
bending out or jumping out in a fire.
C-
Providing visual connection with the external environment

From a psychological
perspective, people's mental
states and environmental
factors are important. Very
transparent surfaces give a
sense of protection and a
sense of distance and
independence.
C-
Providing visual connection with the external environment
A windowless volume gives a
sense of security and can also
provoke a sense of arrest. The
appropriate dimension, which
eliminates unrest, is considered
the ‘valid dimension, taking into
account environmental factors and
expectations from the structure
between these two conditions.
D-
Protection of the interior against external factors
1- Heat conservation:
In the heated and cooled spaces,
windows are the most difficult points to
maintain heat. Protection is even more
difficult, especially in metal windows
because of the higher heat conduction.
The window area should be kept to a
minimum in order to minimize heat
permeability. In addition, the heat losses
in the windows are mostly from the joint
points in the opened sashes.
D-
Protection of the interior against external factors
1- Heat conservation:
Particularly in windy areas, heat loss
consists of joint gaps that do not
close very well from the conductivity
of the material. In order to prevent
wind entry at these points, it is
necessary to close the wings well, to
use elastic insulating profiles or to
arrange fixed glasses.
D-
Protection of the interior against external factors
2- Rain protection:
In a closed window, rain
water should not leak
between the casing and sash
as much as possible. In case
of leakage, it should be
collected in a channel without
damaging the chopping and
detailed to be thrown out.
D-
Protection of the interior against external factors
3- Sun protection:
Sun rays can be uncomfortable enough to
require protection from time to time. If the
sun's rays come to the window between
90 and 45, the rays are 90% effective,
reducing the intensity at smaller angles.
80% of the infrared rays enter through the
normal glass window. These rays can save
fuel in winter and may require protection
in summer.
D-
Protection of the interior against external factors
3- Sun protection:
Protection can be provided with light-
retaining glasses. The light-retaining
glasses are obtained by adding a third
sheet of glass fibers between the two
glasses. This layer reduces light
intensity and gives diffuse light. Heat
retaining glasses are iron oxide or other
metal doped glasses. They may look
green, blue, red, yellow. They cut the
heat by 68% and the light by 38% and
prevent it from being seen from
outside.
D-
Protection of the interior against external factors
4- Noise protection:
The sound protection provided
by a wall is 35-56 dB, while the
protection of a single surface
window is 20 dB. Noise can
enter the interior through the
window in two ways.
joinery and vibration of glass
casing wing, casing wall
openings.
D-
Protection of the interior against external factors
4- Noise protection:
Double glazing of the same
thickness becomes the
resonance source of one
another at certain
frequencies. Therefore, in
double glazed windows
arranged for sound insulation,
glass thicknesses should be
chosen differently.
D-
Protection of the interior
against external factors -
Example
PLACING JOINERY ON THE WALL -
EXAMPLE

OUTSIDE INSIDE

Window sill Window trade

PLACING JOINERY ON THE WALL -
EXAMPLE
1- In case the joinery is
placed inside;
- joinery is protected from
external influences
- wind can be installed in OUTSIDE INSIDE

window openings
- windowsill surface is
growing Window sill
-shadows of wall thickness are
felt more
PLACING JOINERY ON THE WALL -
EXAMPLE
2- In case the joinery
is placed in the
middle of the wall;
- windowsill is partially OUTSIDE INSIDE
protected from
external influences
- Sill surface decreases Window sill Window trade
PLACING JOINERY ON THE WALL -
EXAMPLE
3- In case the joinery is
placed on the outer face of
the wall;
- joinery cannot be protected
from external influences OUTSIDE INSIDE

- the sills disappear or become

too small
Window trade
- one surface is detected in the
facade view
- the inner tray is expanded.
PROFILE JOINERY -
FREQUENTLY USED MATERIALS

Today, joinery is a technology

subject that requires expertise.
Profiles are produced in factories
for joinery and joinery profiles
are assembled and assembled.
Materials such as wood, PVC
and aluminum are produced as
profiles, but wooden profile
production is not widespread in
our country.
TIMBER WINDOW SYSTEM

Because wood production and

crafting is rarely done and the
material is expensive.
METAL PROFILES

They are made especially by

assembling prefabricated
parts which are not produced
for joinery.
There is insulation problem
between the case and the
wing. Additions are provided
by welding.
PLASTIC WINDOW
The plastic used in the joinery is
hard PVC with special additives
resistant to ultraviolet rays, cold,
heat, chemicals and fire.
Metal profiles are placed in
them to increase their strength.
Air flap is prevented by using
rubber gasket in wing-frame
connections.
2- WINDOW SYSTEM
DRAWING - EXAMPLE