OPENING IN HOTEL

BUILDINGS

UNIT V
 OPENING IN HOTEL BUILDINGS

Arch:

 Early architects discovered they could span larger areas by

placing a round arch made of stone on top of two supports,

 Barrel Vault several arches placed front to back to enclose

space,

 Made it possible to construct buildings with stone roofs that

could span a wide space,
ARCH
ARCH
 OPENING IN HOTEL BUILDINGS

Openings:

 Provided for physical, visual & light penetration into the

building interior,

 Enclose interior spaces

 Provide Thermal Comfort to Built environment

 Building Aesthetic
 OPENING IN HOTEL BUILDINGS

Proper Planning – Type, Size, Proportion, Material and Location

Proper Design to ensure Functionality and Maintenance Factor

 OPENING IN HOTEL BUILDINGS

Doors:

 A movable barrier used to cover an opening,

 Universal in buildings of all kinds,

 Acts as a barrier to noise,

 Provides security,
OPENING IN HOTEL BUILDINGS
 OPENING IN HOTEL BUILDINGS

Doors:

 Fixed in walls or partitions of buildings,

 Significant in preventing the spread of fire,

 Screen areas of a building for aesthetic purposes,

 Keeps formal and utility areas separate.

 OPENING IN HOTEL BUILDINGS

Doors:

 Basically consists of two parts:

i. Door frame

ii. Door shutter

 The door shutter is held in position by the door frame which

in turn is fixed in the opening of the wall by means of
holdfasts.
 OPENING IN HOTEL BUILDINGS

SIZE OF DIFFERENT DOORS

S.No. Type of building Size in mm

1. Doors of residential building

a. External Doors 1000x2000

b. Internal Doors 900x2000

c. Door for bath, WC 800x2000

2. Public buildings like school, library, hospitals 1200x2000

1200x2100

1200x2250

3. Doors for Garage for cars 2250x2250

 OPENING IN HOTEL BUILDINGS

Classification of Doors :
• Classification Based On the Arrangement of
Components
• Classification Based On Method/Manner of
Construction
• Classification On The Basis Of Working
Operation
• Metal Doors
 DOORS

Classification Based On the Arrangement of Components

• Foundation is the lowest part

of the building or the civil
structure that is in direct contact
with the soil which transfers loads
from the structure to the soil safely,
• The construction of the
foundation can be done with
concrete, steel, stones, bricks etc.,
• The material and the type of
foundation selected for the desired
structure depends on the design
loads and the type of underlying
soil.
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Classification Based On the Arrangement of Components

1. Battened and Ledged Door

• The simplest form of doors used for narrow openings,

• Consists of series of vertical battens fixed together with

horizontal support known as ledges,

• Doors consists of three ledges fixed at top, bottom and

middle of shutter,

• The topmost ledge is called as the top ledge, bottom ledge is

termed as the bottom ledge/rail and the middle ledge is
known as lock ledge or lock rail.
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Battens: 100-150 mm wide Ledges: 100-200 mm wide

20 mm -30 mm thick 25-30 mm thick
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2. Battened, Ledged & Braced Doors

• Improved version of battened and ledged doors,

• Consists of two additional members provided in form of

inclined braces between the ledges,

• These braces act as strut and increase the strength &

rigidity of door,

• These types of doors are used for wider opening.

 DOORS

Battens : 100-175 mm wide and 20mm thick

Ledges : 175-225 mm wide and 25-30mm thick
Braces : 125-175mm wide and 25-30mm thick
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3. Battened, Ledged , Braced and Framed Doors

• Improved version of Braced & ledged doors,

• Considered to be superior in strength, durability and

appearance,

• The door framework consists of: two vertical members -

stiles, three horizontal members known - ledges or rails,
vertical battens and two inclined braces.
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• The rails positioned near the top, bottom and middle of the
shutter are tenoned into the stiles.
• The battens are tongued & grooved & V jointed.
DOORS
 DOORS

Classification Based On method of Construction

1. Framed and Paneled Door

• Consists of framework of members called stiles and

horizontal members called rails,

• Stiles and rails form the framework into which panels are
inserted,

• Additional vertical and horizontal members called mullions

are used to divide the door into any number of panels.
 DOORS

• Panels may be solid wood,

plywood, particleboard or
louvered or have glass inserts
• Strong and give better
appearance than batten doors
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2. Glazed or Sash Doors

• Provided where additional light is required to be admitted

through the door or the visibility of the interior of the
room is required from the adjacent room,

• Used in residential as well as public buildings like hospitals,

schools,

• May be glazed fully or partly and paneled partly.

DOORS
DOORS
 DOORS

3. i) Solid Core Type Flush Doors

• Consist of the wooden frame consisting of stiles and top

and bottom rails used for holding the core,

• The core consists either of core strips of timber glued

together under great pressure and faced on each side by
plywood sheets,
DOORS
DOORS
 DOORS

3. ii) Hollow Core Type Flush Doors

• Consists of stiles , top rail, bottom rail and two

intermediate rails not less than 75mm in width,

• The Space between the stiles and rails is divided by fixing

wooden battens not less than 25mm in width such that voids
are equally distributed,

• These are light duty doors where skeleton core occupies 30-
40% of door core,

• Medium duty door of this types are also available where the
skeleton core occupies 50-60 % of door core.
DOORS
 DOORS

4. Fly Proof/Wire Gauge Doors

• Used to check the entry of flies & insects and allow free
circulation of air,

• Wire mesh is provided in the panels which permit free

passage of air,

• Consists of timber frame with stiles & horizontal rails & the
opening of panels are fixed with fine mesh galvanized wire
gauge, fixed with nails and timber beading.
 DOORS

• The Shutter opening inside is fully paneled

whereas the opening outside is fly proof.
• This type of doors is used in used in kitchens,
canteens, food storage, cupboards etc.
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 DOORS

Classification Based on Working Operation

1. Revolving Door

• Provide entrance to one and exit to other person

simultaneously and close automatically when not in use,

• Consists of centrally placed mullion to which four radiating

shutters are attached,

• The shutters may be glazed, paneled, partly glazed or partly

paneled,
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1. Revolving Door
• Vertical rubber pieces provided
at the rubbing ends of the
shutters to prevent draught of
air,
• Can be used as an airlock to
minimize a building's heating
and air conditioning losses,
• Provided only in public buildings
such as libraries, museums,
banks, hotels etc.
DOORS
 DOORS

2. Sliding Doors

• Shutters slides on the sides with the help of runners and

guide rails

• No. of shutter depends upon the design and size of opening

available.

• Basically two Types:

i. Top hung sliding doors

ii. Bottom rolling door gear

DOORS
 DOORS

i. Top hung sliding door

• The door is hung by
trolley hangers at the
top of the door
running in a concealed
track,
• All the weight is
taken by the hangers,
making the door easy
to move
 DOORS

ii. Bottom rolling sliding doors

• When weight of the door is
immense, bottom rolling system
is used,
• Consists of rollers at the
bottom of the door running on a
track and two guides at the top
running in a guide channel,
• As all the weight of the door is
concentrated on the two bottom
wheels, more force is needed to
move the door than on a top
hung system.
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3. Swing Doors

• Doors has its leaf attached to the door frame by means of

special double action spring hinges so that the shutter can
move both inward or outward as desired,

• Generally doors have single leaf but two leaves can also be
provided,

• The action of spring brings the shutter in closed position,

DOORS
 DOORS

4. Collapsible Steel Doors

• Used for shops, garages, godown where width of opening is

large & provision of hinged shutter is difficult,

• Used where light and ventilation are desired even when the
opening is closed & also used for safety purpose,

• Depending upon the size of the opening the doors may have
single or double shutters,

• Consists of vertical double channels each 20 x 10 x 2mm in

size spaced at 10-12cm apart,
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4. Collapsible Steel Doors

• The door shutter
slides over roller
mounted at its bottom
and are held in
position by the rails,
• The door is provided
with locking
arrangements,
handles, and stoppers
and can be opened or
closed manually by
slight push or pull.
 DOORS

5. Rolling steel shutter doors

• Used for stores, shop fronts, godown etc,

• Door shutter acts like steel curtain and provides adequate

protection and safety against burglars and fire,

• Consists of thin steel slabs called as laths or slates about

1.25mm thick interlocked to each other and coiled upon
specially designed shaft known as drum mounted on top of
opening,

• The door shutter travels on two vertical steel guide

channels installed at either end of the opening.
DOORS
 DOORS

6. Fire Check Doors

• Special Design Doors to Block Spread of fire & Smoke in

case of fire hazard,

• Considerations: Materials, Location and Construction

Technology,

• Use of High thermal resistive materials like fire rated

Plywood, Metals, Ceramic fiber Boards, Calsium Silicate,
Gypsum etc,

• Use of Fire proof accessories.

 DOORS
• Doors shutters: min. 44-55mm thick
• Design: Mostly flush type.