1.

U S U R E T C T R
2. F O
3. M O A T
 ATOMIC
STRUCTURE
Atoms

● Atoms are the building

blocks of everything.

● An atom is the smallest unit

of an element.
Molecules
● Molecules are the combinations of two or more atoms
held together by chemical bonds.
Democritus
● Democritus is a Greek
philosopher and was among
the first to suggest the
existence of atoms.

● He believed that atoms were

indivisible and indestructible.
 Aristotle
● Aristotle did not believe that matter
was made up of tiny particles called
atom.

● He thought that all materials on Earth

were not made of atoms, but of the
four elements: Earth, Fire, Water,
and Air.
John Dalton
● Through his Solid Sphere Model, he
suggested that all matter is made up of
atoms, which were indivisible and
indestructible.

● His atomic theory successfully explained the

Law of Conservation of Mass, Law of
Definite Proportion, and Law of Multiple
Proportions.
 Joseph John Thomson
● Through his Cathode Ray Experiment, he
discovered electrons.

● He proposed his Plum-Pudding Model,

where an atom is a big positive sphere
where electrons are scattered throughout.
Ernest Rutherford
● Through his Alpha Scattering
Experiment, he discovered the
nucleus of the atom.

● He proposed his Nuclear Model,

where the nucleus is the center of
the atom.
James Chadwick

James Chadwick found a neutral

particle inside the nucleus and
called this particle neutron.
Niels Bohr
Niels Bohr made an atomic model
similar to the solar system where
electrons are found revolving
around the nucleus. The model is
known as the Planetary Model.
Erwin Schrodinger
He used mathematical equations
to describe the possibility of
finding an electron in a certain
location. He proposed the
Quantum Mechanical Model.
Proton
● A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle.

● The total number of protons in the atoms of an element is

always equal to the atomic number of the element.

● Number of Protons = Atomic Number

Electron
● An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle.

● The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the atomic

number of an element, for neutrally charged particles. This
means that the number of electrons and the number of protons
in an element are equal.

● Number of Electrons = Atomic Number = Number of Protons

Neutron
● Neutron is an electrically neutral particle and carries no
charge.

● To find the number of neutrons, subtract the number of

protons from the atomic mass.

● Number of Neutrons = Atomic Mass - Atomic Number

Formula in finding the subatomic
particles:
● Number of Protons = Atomic Number

● Number of Electrons = Atomic number = Number of Protons

● Number of Neutrons = Atomic Mass - Atomic Number

Isotopes
● Isotopes are atoms of the
same element with
different mass numbers.

● Hydrogen has 3 isotopes:

protium, deuterium, and
tritium.
Let’s summarize what you have learned in our
discussion by supplying the missing term/s in
each item.
1. ____ is the smallest unit of an element.
2. The three basic subatomic particles of an
atom are _______, _________, and ________.
3. ______ is a positively charged subatomic
particle.
4. ________ is a negatively charged subatomic
particle.
5. _______ is an electrically neutral particle and
carries no charge.
Quiz
Directions. Give the number of protons, electrons, and
neutrons of the following elements using your periodic
table. Write your answers on a ¼ sheet of paper.

1. Zinc
2. Tin
3. Barium
Assignment
Directions. Give the number of protons, electrons, and
neutrons of the following elements using your periodic
table. Write your answers on a ¼ sheet of paper.

1. Au
2. Hg
3. Xe