Detection of Partial Discharge on Power

Transformer Using
Acoustic Emission Technique

Supervised by: Presented by:

Bishal Silwal Abhinav Bhattarai
Brijesh Adilkari MEEPE Student
DoEEE, KU DoEEE, KU

Detection of Partial Discharge on Power Transformer Using Acoustic

November 20 2023 Emission Technique
Abhinav Bhattarai
1
 INTRODUCTION
❑ The most essential component of the power system
utilities are the power transformers and has a direct
impact on the efficiency and reliability of the power
system.
❑ Insulation issues brought on by PDs are the most
prevalent defects in power transformers.
❑ This is why proper maintenance should be
essentially focused on the tracking of the variables
that define the condition of these components.
Detection of Partial Discharge on Power Transformer Using Acoustic Emission Technique
Abhinav Bhattarai
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 OBJECTIVE
❑ The objective of this study is, to detect the PD on a
power transformer using an acoustic emission
technique.
❑ The objectives can be divided into:
▪ To detect partial discharge in empty transformer
tank using acoustic emission technique.
▪ To detect partial discharge in transformer with
core and winding using acoustic emission
technique.
Detection of Partial Discharge on Power Transformer Using Acoustic Emission Technique
Abhinav Bhattarai
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 METHODOLOGY

𝝏𝝆
+ 𝛁 𝝆𝒗 = 𝟎
𝝏𝒕

𝟐 𝒇𝟐 𝒕−𝝉 𝟐 )
𝑸 = 𝑨 𝒆(𝝅
𝟏 𝝏𝟐 𝒑 𝟏 𝟐 𝝏𝑸
+ 𝛁 − 𝛁 𝒑 − 𝒒𝒅 =
𝝆𝒄𝟐 𝝏𝒕𝟐 𝝆 𝝏𝒕

Detection of Partial Discharge on Power Transformer Using Acoustic Emission Technique

Abhinav Bhattarai
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 RESULTS ON EMPTY TANK

Table: ToA of signals at four sensors for different discharge

S3
S2 PD t1(𝝁𝒔) t2(𝝁𝒔) t3(𝝁𝒔) t4(𝝁𝒔)
D1 390 221 605 562
D2 685 392 219 540
D3 454 228 237 321
D4 479 288 175 280
S4 D5 431 233 213 280
D6 407 300 269 185
S1 D7 465 306 183 241

Animation: Propagation of acoustic wave on empty transformer tank for D7

Detection of Partial Discharge on Power Transformer Using Acoustic Emission Technique

Abhinav Bhattarai
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 RESULTS ON EMPTY TANK
Table: Actual location vs calculated location
Rejected solutions Accepted solutions Reason for
X1 Y1 Z1 T1 X2 Y2 Z2 T2 rejecting
74.33 484.88 593.17 352.15 52.47 298.96 797.41 387.26 Y1 large than 325
788.98 297.34 807.41 689.63 786.74 298.8 803.35 686.98 T1 not close to t1
538.18 280.13 492.29 431.09 549.46 173.42 595.87 452.06 T1 not close to t1
631.04 165.16 504.44 479.51 629.26 173.82 496.51 477.23 T1 not close to t1
574.4 91.56 620.41 473.22 549.49 299.38 426.01 430.19 T1 not close to t1
542.35 151.3 361.24 394.39 550.01 71.79 424.52 406.21 T1 not close to t1
644.25 97.44 486.02 482.43 629.35 176.54 419.19 464.09 T1 not close to t1
Figure: Actual location vs calculated location
Accepted solutions Actual location Location Percentage
PD X2 Y2 Z2 Xd Yd Zd error (mm) error
D1 52.47 298.96 797.41 50 300 800 3.73 0.2923
D2 786.74 298.8 803.35 785 300 800 3.97 0.3111
D3 549.46 173.42 595.87 550 170 600 5.39 0.4224
D4 629.26 173.82 496.51 630 170 500 5.23 0.4099
D5 549.49 299.38 426.01 550 300 425 1.3 0.1019
Figure: Actual location vs calculated location
D6 550.01 71.79 424.52 550 70 425 1.86 0.1458
D7 629.35 176.54 419.19 630 170 425 8.78 0.6881
Detection of Partial Discharge on Power Transformer Using Acoustic Emission Technique
Abhinav Bhattarai
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 RESULTS ON TRANSFORMER WITH CORE AND WINDING
Table: ToA of signals at four sensors for different discharge
PD t1(𝝁𝒔) t2(𝝁𝒔) t3(𝝁𝒔) t4(𝝁𝒔)
D1 377 215 601 551
D2 674 381 234 535
D3 444 209 246 326
D4 451 282 202 248
D5 345 159 303 268
D6 381 271 284 187
D7 431 277 215 225

Table: Accepted solution, rejected solution and error in calculation Figure: Actual location vs calculated location
Actual location of
Rejected solutions Accepted solutions Reason for rejecting PD
X1 Y1 Z1 T1 X2 Y2 Z2 Xd Yd Zd Location error Percentage error
73.25 472.91 583.69 341.18 52.47 298.96 797.41Y1 large than 325 50 300 800 18.9 1.48
704.17 352.94 678.16 603.13 786.74 298.8 803.35Y1 large than 325 785 300 800 37.25 2.92
520.09 295.67 498.77 424.58 549.46 173.42 595.87T1 not close to t1 550 170 600 25.66 2.01
597.30 167.32 454.74 446.53 629.26 173.82 496.51T1 not close to t1 630 170 500 46.54 3.65
424.57 131.53 579.01 366.2 549.49 299.38 426.01T1 not close to t1 550 300 425 131.93 10.34
505.01 152.80 383.29 370.18 550.01 71.79 424.52T1 not close to t1 550 70 425 47.29 3.71
584.60 -129.87 460.38 436.65 629.35 176.54 419.19Y1 being negative 630 170 425 51.27 4.02
Detection of Partial Discharge on Power Transformer Using Acoustic Emission Technique
Abhinav Bhattarai
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 CONCLUSION
❑ A 3D model of a transformer with the acoustic sensor and PD source was
developed using COMSOL Multiphysics software.
❑ The minimum location error of 18.9 mm and the minimum % error of % was
found while locating D5, while the maximum location error of 8.78 mm and
maximum % error of 0.6881% was found while locating D7 in empty tank.
❑ The time of arrival was calculated using % cumulative energy in the case of
transformer with core and winding.
❑ The minimum location error of 18.9 mm and the minimum % error of 1.48%
was found while locating D1, while the maximum location error of 131.93 mm
and maximum % error of 10.34% was found while locating D5 in transformer
with core and winding.
❑ The accuracy of result can be considered of practical interest.

Detection of Partial Discharge on Power Transformer Using Acoustic Emission Technique

Abhinav Bhattarai
8