3.

3 SHEAR FORCE & BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS

 SHEAR FORCE & BENDING MOMENT

 The external loading results in developing the internal forces and

internal couples that act on cross sections of the beam.
 Internal force is referred as Shear Force (𝑉) and internal couple is
referred as Bending Moment (𝑀).
 Both the shear force and the bending moment act in the plane of the
beam.
 Shear forces and bending moments are the resultants of stresses
distributed over the cross section. Therefore, these quantities are known
collectively as stress resultants.
 For cut section,

෍ 𝐹𝑉 = 0 𝑃 − 𝑉 = 0 or 𝑉 = 𝑃 ෍𝑀 = 0 𝑀 − 𝑃𝑥 = 0 or 𝑀 = 𝑃𝑥
 SIGN CONVENTIONS

 A positive shear force acts clockwise against the

material and a negative shear force acts
counterclockwise against the material.
 A positive bending moment compresses the upper
part of the beam and a negative bending moment
compresses the lower part.
 SHEAR FORCE & BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS

 The variations of shear forces and bending

moments along the length of beam are
represented by graphs. These quantities are
plotted as ordinates and the distance, say x,
along the beam axis is plotted as abscissa
and such graphs are called as shear force
and bending moment diagrams.
EXAMPLE-1
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Step-1
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Step-3
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Step-1

SFD

Step-2

BMD

Step-3
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EXAMPLE-5
 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS

 The maximum positive and negative bending moments in a beam may occur at the following
places:
 A cross section where a concentrated load is applied and the shear force changes sign,
 A cross section where the shear force equals zero,
 A point of support where a vertical reaction is present
 A cross section where a couple is applied