CONSTRUCTION TERMS

Foundation: The lowest part of a building, typically below ground level, that provides
support and stability.

Framework: The basic structure or skeleton of a building before the walls and roof
are added.

Concrete: A construction material composed of cement, water, and aggregates

(such as sand or gravel) that hardens over time.

Masonry: The construction of structures using individual units like bricks, stones, or
concrete blocks, usually bound together with mortar.

Roofing: The process of installing the covering on the top of a building to protect it
from weather elements.

Wall: The vertical barrier that encloses or divides a space; it supports the roof and
can carry structural loads.

Flooring: The material used to cover the floor of a building, providing a walking
surface.

Plumbing: The system of pipes, tanks, fittings, and other apparatus used to supply
water and remove waste from a building.

Electrical Installation: The setup of electrical wiring, devices, and systems in a

building for lighting, power, and other electrical needs.

HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning): The systems that control
temperature, humidity, and air quality in a building.

Renovation: The process of improving, repairing, or upgrading an existing structure.

Prefab/Prefabricated: Construction components (such as walls, roofs, or entire

buildings) that are manufactured off-site and then assembled on-site.

Site Preparation: The activities undertaken to ready a construction site for building,
including clearing, grading, and excavation.

Project Management: The planning, coordination, and control of a project from

beginning to completion.
Safety Equipment: Protective gear and devices used to ensure the safety of
workers on a construction site.

Structural Analysis: Examination and assessment of the load-carrying capability of

a structure.

Insulation: Material used to prevent heat, sound, or electricity from being

transmitted.

Demolition: The process of tearing down or dismantling a structure.

Design Study: The investigation and planning phase focused on creating an

effective and aesthetically pleasing design.

Space Planning: The organization and arrangement of interior spaces to optimize

functionality and flow.