Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study used a descriptive correlational research design. Quantitative research

methods will focus on measurements that are objective which represents facts, with

statistical analysis or collecting numerical data. In gathering the data of the Junior High

School students of Wright I District, the researcher used a survey questionnaire.

Correlational research design is best suited in this study because it seeks to

answer the relationship between the attitude and the performance of the students on

problem-based. The dependent and independent variable of this study will be the main

focus in gathering data.

To determine whether the two variables are correlated, Spearman’s returns a

value from -1 to 1, where: +1 = a perfect positive correlation between ranks, -1 is a

perfect negative correlation between ranks and 0 has no correlation between ranks.

Instrumentation

The researchers used a survey-questionnaire to gather the data needed for

the study. This questionnaire is designed to seek the perspectives and opinions in
knowing if there is a relationship between the attitude and the performance of the
students on problem-based.
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Instrument Validation

The questionnaire that is used in this study will be subjected to validation by

means of content validation. Content validation, which plays a primary role in the

development of any new instrument, provides evidence about the validity of an

instrument by assessing the degree to which the instrument measures the targeted

construct (Anastasia, 1988). This enables the instrument to be used to make meaningful

and appropriate inferences and/or decisions from the instrument scores given the

assessment purpose (Messick, 1989). All elements of the instrument (e.g., items, stimuli,

codes, instructions, response formats, scoring) that can potentially impact the scores

obtained and the interpretations made should be subjected to content validation. In the

process of the instrument validation for this study, the survey-questionnaire will be sent

to experts on the field of research. The experts will give their insights and opinion about

the survey questionnaire. The researcher will consider the suggestions of the expert in

order to ensure that their survey-questionnaire will be able to answer the research

problems and to establish the credibility of the instrument.

Sampling Procedure

The target population of this study are Junior High School students in Wright I

District which consists of Tenani Integrated School, Pequit Integrated School, Apolonia

Integrated School, Wright National high School, minarog Integrated School and

Lokilokon Integrated School. The researcher will use the stratified random sampling to

identify the respondents. (Appendix E)

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Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher will gather the data using survey-questionnaire in which it will be

utilized to collect, analyze and interpret the different views of a group of people from a

particular population. With this survey method, it will utilize the specific target

population that is involved which are the Junior High School students of Wright I

District. It will give the researchers a good response rate because students can easily

answer the questions and there are choices given in answering a certain question.

For the research instrument to be validated, the researcher will submit a copy of

the survey-questionnaire to an expert in this field for content analysis and further

expert validation. After the expert validation along with the corrections and suggestions

given by the Research Teacher, the survey-questionnaire will be prepared for actual

data gathering.

The researcher will go to the Science class schedules of the Junior High School

students of each school of Wright I District. Then, the researcher must have the

opportunity to establish relationship with the respondents and will explain the purpose

of the study.

The data collection will be completed during the vacant and convenient time and

day of the respondents. After the researcher gathered the data, it will be tabulated,

computed, interpreted, and be analyzed.

Statistical Treatment
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After gathering the relevant information in the study, the researcher will use

descriptive and inferential statistics in data analysis. Descriptive statistics help describe

and understand the features of a specific data set by giving short summaries about the

sample and measures of the data. The following are the descriptive statistical tools that

will be employed:

Frequency Distribution Table. It is a chart that summarizes values and their frequency.

It’s a useful way to organize data if you have a list of numbers that represent the

frequency of a certain outcome in a sample.

Inferential statistics, unlike descriptive statistics, is the attempt to apply the

conclusions that have been obtained from one experimental study to more general

populations. This means inferential statistics tries to answer questions about

populations and samples that have not been tested in the given experiment.

The researcher will analyze the data using the Spearman Rank Correlation.

Spearman rank correlation is a non-parametric test that is used to measure the degree of

association between two variables. The Spearman rank correlation test does not carry

any assumptions about the distribution of the data and is the appropriate correlation

analysis when the variables are measured on a scale that is at least ordinal. In our

study, this Spearman Rank Correlation will help to measure degree of association

between the two variables namely, the attitude and the performance of the students.