MIDN. 4CL BARUGO, EMMANUEL C.

RYUJO-A 2026 Mach 2 03 FEBRUARY 2023

HAND TOOLS COMMONLY USED ONBOARD

Files- these are cutting tools used to remove/smooth rough and sharp edges from cut metal.
They are also used to file metal to shape or size. For each type of material there is an ideal tooth
form that gives the most efficient cutting action.
Types of File:
Bastard file/ flat file
Semi-round file
Square file
Triangle file

Scraper tool- used to scrape metal or other materials from a surface. This may be required
where a surface needs to be trued, corrected for fit to a mating part, needs to retain oil (usually on
a freshly ground surface), or to give a decorative finish.

Hacksaw- mainly used for cutting thin metal such as aluminum, brass, steel, or copper.
Hacksaws are also used for cutting plastics such as PVC, PEX, or ABS on pipes or on sheet goods
made of PVC, polystyrene, and more.

Thread Gauge- used to check the dimensions of a specific thread form angle, pitch
and diameter. Plug gauges are used to check internal threads, whereas ring gauges are used
to check external threads. Each gauge comprises of two parts: a GO gauge and a NO GO
gauge. Both parts should be used to check the thread.

Feeler Gauge- measure the gap widths between two parts. Feeler gauge is a precision
measuring tool made from tight tolerance high carbon steel material used to check spacing and
gaps of dies or any machinery during set-up or repair.
MIDN. 4CL BARUGO, EMMANUEL C. RYUJO-A 2026 Mach 2 03 FEBRUARY 2023

Threader tap- threaded tool that cuts or forms threads in the female portion of a mating
pair. Therefore, a tap will create threads in the inside of a hole. On the other hand, a die is a
threaded tool that cuts or forms threads in the male portion of a mating pair.

Die Wrench- to either cut or repair threads onto a bolt or piece of metal. The
metal of these thread cutters exceeds the strength of most sheet metals. With the right
amount of oil and care, you can quickly and consistently cut or repair threads for
machined screws and bolts.

Combination Wrench- have a closed loop on one side (box-end) for hexagonal or
square nuts, while the other end is an open U-shape (open-end). These wrenches are often
used for nuts that are hard to loosen. The closed-end can loosen the nut, while the open end is
then used to unscrew it fully.

Adjustable Wrench- used to turn or loosen a nut or bolt. This wrench has jagged
jaws, one of which you can adjust to get the grip you need.

Open Wrench- fits around a fastener instead of over it, so

you can slip it into an area where there isn't room for a socket. Always make sure the tool you
use is suited for the work you're doing.

Box Wrench- good option for loosening stuck fasteners because

you can apply more torque without risking damage to a ratchet
mechanism. A wrench with an open end fits around a fastener instead of over it, so you can slip
it into an area where there isn't room for a socket.
MIDN. 4CL BARUGO, EMMANUEL C. RYUJO-A 2026 Mach 2 03 FEBRUARY 2023

Hook Spanner- a curved wrench, Toolbox Spanner

usually terminating with a pin or shaped to fit round holes on
hooked nose that locks securely into a the circumference of collars,
groove in a ring nut or bolt head or bearings, and other machine
into a radial hole in a bearing nut. tool components.

Philips Screwdriver- fit screws with Phillips

heads, which have a cross-shaped recess - hence the alternative name of cross
screwdriver. They were invented to cope with higher torsion.

Flat Head Screwdriver- a screwdriver with a wedge-shaped flat tip,

used to tighten or loosen screws that have a straight, linear notch in their heads.
Flat-head screwdrivers are commonly used as visible fixings on window frames,
mirrors and sockets.

Slip-joint Pliers -versatile tools that are used for gripping and bending hardware. They have
two levels of teeth; the fine teeth located near the front are designed for gripping small objects and
nails, while the coarse teeth located toward the back are designed for gripping bulky nuts and
bolts.

Vice Grip- used for just about anything you can think of. For house projects they can be
used to temporarily hold a long straight edge on plywood so you can mark a line. They can
also be used to remove stripped bolt heads if they are not too tight.

Circlip Pliers- used for removing and installing retaining rings or

fasteners. These fasteners are open ended and require this specialized tool to add
or remove. These can also be known as snap rings or retaining rings.

Long-nose Pliers- Use to grip small objects, reach awkward places, holding
wires, bend loops, and attach wires. Work involving smaller gauge wire.
MIDN. 4CL BARUGO, EMMANUEL C. RYUJO-A 2026 Mach 2 03 FEBRUARY 2023

Side Cutting Pliers - many applications including electrical, communications and

construction work. Use to grip, splice or cut wires, and strip insulation.

Linesmen Pliers - used in the electrical trade to cut, straighten,

and bend wire, and also to twist wires together when making splices.

C- Clamp -is a type of clamp device typically

used to hold a wood or metal workpiece, and often used in, but are not
limited to, carpentry and welding.

Vernier Caliper- for measuring the distance between two opposite

sides of a surface. We can measure the internal and external dimensions and
even the height of an object with accuracy. It can measure up to one-hundredth of a millimeter.

Outside Micrometer Caliper- used for measuring the thickness or outside diameter of
small parts. They are industry standard measuring tools because of their high accuracy/resolution
and ease of use.

Inside Micrometer Caliper- provides the ability to measure inside dimensions with
high accuracy using the precision of the micrometer. Its caliper-type jaws are constructed of
hardened tool steel for lasting durability and accuracy.

Inside Caliper- caliper whose legs turn outward so that it can

accurately measure inside dimensions, as the inside diameter of a pipe.

Outside Caliper- measure thicknesses and outside diameters of

objects; inside calipers measure hole diameters and distances between surfaces. To check the
dimensions of a machined part, the calipers are first adjusted to the required dimension on a
ruler or a standard plug or hole gauge.
MIDN. 4CL BARUGO, EMMANUEL C. RYUJO-A 2026 Mach 2 03 FEBRUARY 2023

L- Square- square your work, as well as measure perfect 90 degree angles and straight
lines. Ideal for pattern drafting, cutting, and measuring.

Steel Divider- geometrical operations such as scribing

circles but also for taking off and transferring dimensions. They
have therefore been a tool not only of mathematicians and designers but also of craftsmen,
and these different uses have given rise to their manufacture in different sizes and
materials.

Sheet Metal Gauge- indicates the standard thickness of

sheet metal for a specific material. As the gauge number increases, the material thickness
decreases. Sheet metal thickness gauges for steel are based on a weight of 41.82 pounds per
square foot per inch of thickness.

Chuck Key- designed to use a key to loosen or tighten the grip

on a tool. When slippage is an issue during heavy-duty operations, keyed chucks have the
benefit of delivering additional torque to the bit. They can rotate in either a clockwise or a
counterclockwise direction.

Scribers - type of hand tool used to mark or scriber various materials such as wood, steel,
metal, and plastic prior to being machined.

Adjustable Tap Wrench- used to clamp and operate tools

with square shank. They are called adjustable or adjustable because the movable jaw can be
adjusted to the specific size of the square by turning the handle. The length of the handles
creates a leverage effect which minimises the effort required for actuation.

Vernier Bevel Angle Protractors- an angle measuring micrometers used to

layout or check an angle of up to 5 minutes precision. Its design consists of a fixed stock and an
adjustable blade with a graduated dial. Graduations are made from 0 ° to 90 ° or 0 ° to 180 °.
MIDN. 4CL BARUGO, EMMANUEL C. RYUJO-A 2026 Mach 2 03 FEBRUARY 2023

Dial Indicator- used primarily for measuring gauges and fixtures. Alternatively, the dial
test indicator is most often used for surface plate layout work or indicating measurements
during machine setup.

Pointed Chisel- used primarily on concrete. Having a

sharp tip rather than a sharp edge means that this chisel is
better suited to cutting through concrete. A flat chisel may sometimes be used in order
to outline any channels beforehand. Chisels can also be used to help when sealing cracks
in concrete.

Cold Chisel- to cut through hard materials like metal or

masonry. They are often used to cut or shape metal when the stock is thick and where other tools,
like a hacksaw or tin snips, would be unsuitable.

Ball peen Hammer- was originally designed for peening, or shaping

metal materials by hammering. One end of the head is ball-shaped for this purpose. The other
end is flat and is used for driving.

Sledge Hammer- heavy-duty hammer used for demolition jobs

where high force is required. It has a large, flat metal head attached
to a long wooden handle. The length of the handle allows the tool to gain momentum while
swinging, and the heavy metal head results in amplified force compared to a usual hammer.

Rubber Mallet- are lighter and cheaper than mallets made of

metal. They are most commonly used for striking an object that a
normal hammer would leave a mark in. The rubber mallet has many uses but is most
commonly used for forcing tight fitting applications together, wood working and evening out
dents in metal.

Ratchet and Socket Wrench- lets you turn a nut or bolt

without repositioning the tool on the fastener — like you need to do with a wrench when
there isn't enough room to turn it in a full circle. This can make the work quicker.
MIDN. 4CL BARUGO, EMMANUEL C. RYUJO-A 2026 Mach 2 03 FEBRUARY 2023

Steel Brush- can be used for weld cleaning, deburring, rust and oxide removal, surface
preparation, and surface finishing. Steel wire brushes are a common and essential tool in any
metal fabrication shop.

Center Punch- used to mark the center of a point to show

the center of a hole when drilling for example. A center punch forms a dimple large
enough to direct the tip of the drill to the proper location.

Pipe Threader- cut threads at the ends of a pipe so attachments, couplings and connectors
can be fastened. They're among a plumber's most reliable tools.

Pipe Reamer- allows for replacing or upsizing an existing pipe

without the need for an excavated open trench. It is used to remove
underground sewer pipes while simultaneously installing new pipes. Pipe Reaming is similar
to Pipe Bursting.

Pipe Wrench- to grip and turn galvanized steel pipes, and black
pipes. Just like a regular wrench, these have two serrated jaws that are used to tighten and dig
into the pipe for grip. The top serrated jaw can be adjusted to the size of the pipe and it will only
grip when the pipe wrench is turned in one direction.

Pipe Cutter- used for slicing or cutting pipes. They are commonly
used by plumbers due to their reliability and efficiency. In addition to providing clean,
professional-quality cuts, pipe cutters are often more convenient, fast, and easy to use than
alternatives such as hacksaws.
MIDN. 4CL BARUGO, EMMANUEL C. RYUJO-A 2026 Mach 2 03 FEBRUARY 2023

Tube Cutter- for cutting tubes to a certain length. Tube cutters and pipe cutters are often
used interchangeably on tubes and pipes.

POWERED TOOLS COMMONLY USED ONBOARD

Power Drill- used for drilling circular holes in material, or for inserting screws and other
threaded fasteners into material. Drills are also available in the impact driver configuration, high-
torque tools primarily used for driving screws and tightening nuts.

Angle Grinder- for grinding, polishing, sharpening, cutting, and

much more. With their rapidly rotating discs, angle grinders are versatile
power tools that can cut, grind, polish, sharpen, and clean a variety of difficult materials,
including iron, copper, brass, brick, tile, stone, or mortar.

Jigsaw- used for cutting shapes and curves in wood with its narrow
blade, which is attached to the tool's body by a spring-loaded clamp at the front. The blade's
sharp teeth are measured in TPI, or teeth per inch. A higher TPI gives a smoother cut that
requires less sanding.

Nibbler- a sheet metal cutting tool that rapidly reciprocates a

punch to cut, or 'nibble' away small pieces of metal.