Mapua University

Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila

Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

Common ToolsCommon
& Measuring
Tools Use in 123 Labdevices in Shop I

SAMBRANO, Dave V.

ME-2

ME123L / A4

2015110907

Engr. Jose V. Hernandez

Instructor
Tools:

1. Claw Hammer
- A tool with a face, claw, and a grip. Strike a hammer blow squarely with the striking
face parallel to the surface being struck.
- Use to blows to a target, causing it to move or deform, remove nails using claws.

2. Backsaw
- A saw with a thick steel or brass spine, has handle and sawplate. the back saw has a
TPI (teeth per inch) of 10 TPI.
- Used for joinery or with a miterbox for accurate cutting.

3. Crosscut Saw

- The teeth of a saw were traditionally offset from each other along the toothline, one
being offset to the left and one to the right and this offset is called the pinch. This was
so that they could be sharpened when needed.
- Designed for cutting wood perpendicular to (across) the wood grain.
4. Circular Saw
- A power-saw using a toothed or abrasive disc or blade. It can cut different materials
such as wood, masonry, plastic, or metal and may be hand-held or mounted to a
machine
- Used to cut different materials using a rotary motion spinning around an arbor.

5. Coping Saw
- It is widely used to cut moldings to create coped rather than miter joints. It is
occasionally used to create fretwork though it is not able to match a fretsaw in
intricacy of cut, particularly in thin materials.
- Used to cut intricate external shapes and interior cut-outs in woodworking or
carpentry.

6. Spokeshave
- It consists of a metal blade in a wooden or, more often, a metal frame. Spokeshaves
can be made from flat-bottom, concave, or convex soles, depending on the type of job
to be performed.
- Used for straightening and smoothing wooden rods or shafts.
7. Try-Square
- A try square is a woodworking or a metalworking tool used for marking and
measuring a piece of wood. The square refers to the tool's primary use of measuring
the accuracy of a right angle.

8. Steel Square
- The steel square is a tool used in carpentry. The name steel square refers to a specific
long-armed square that has additional uses for measurement, especially of various
angles. Today the steel square is more commonly referred to as the framing square or
carpenters’ square. It consists of a long arm and a shorter arm, which meet at an angle
of 90 degrees (a right angle). It can also be made of aluminum or polymers, which are
light and resistant to rust.

9. Combination Square
- A combination square is a tool used for multiple purposes in woodworking,
stonemasonry and metalworking. It is composed of a ruler and one or more
interchangeable heads that may be affixed to it.
10. Carpenter level
- A level is an instrument designed to indicate whether a surface is horizontal or
vertical. They are useful on a screening level for ensuring the tool is being used
accurately to apply flat flooring.

11. Wood Chisel

- A chisel is a tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge (such that wood chisels
have lent part of their name to a particular grind) of blade on its end. The handle and
blade of some types of chisel are made of metal or of wood with a sharp edge in it.
- Used for carving or cutting a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal by hand,
struck with a mallet, or mechanical power.

12. Smooth Plane

- a type of bench plane used in woodworking. The smoothing plane is typically the last
plane used on a wood surface. When used properly, it produces a finish that equals or
surpasses that made by sandpaper. The smooth finish is the result of planing the wood
off in strips, rather than by successive buffing and scratching.
13. Sledge hammer
- A tool with a large, flat, often metal head, attached to a lever (or handle). The size of
its head allows a sledgehammer to apply more force than other hammers of similar
size. Along with the mallet, it shares the ability to distribute force over a wide area.

14. Tin Snip

- Tin snips (also known as tin snips, tinner snips and shears) are hand tools specifically
designed to cut sheet metal. Tin snips usually have extra wide jaws to help make
cutting easier and more precise.

15. Auger Bit

- Auger bits are capable of drilling deep, neat holes in wood up to 600mm (31"). This
suits them not only to most woodworking and furniture making applications, but also
to construction and garden-based woodworking, such as drilling through decking.
16. Marking Gage
- The marking Gauge is used in woodworking and metalworking to mark out lines for
cutting or other operations. The purpose of the gauge is to scribe a line parallel to a
reference edge or surface. It is used in joinery and sheet metal operations.

17. Drill Bit

- Drill bits are cutting tools used to remove material to create holes, almost always of
circular cross-section. Drill bits come in many sizes and shapes and can create
different kinds of holes in many different materials. In order to create holes drill bits
are usually attached to a drill, which powers them to cut through the workpiece,
typically by rotation. The drill will grasp the upper end of a bit called the shank in the
chuck.

18. Goggles
- They are forms of protective eyewear that usually enclose or protect the area
surrounding the eye in order to prevent particulates, water or chemicals from striking
the eyes. They are used in chemistry laboratories and in woodworking.
19. C-Clamp
- A C-clamp or G-clamp is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or
metal workpiece. C-clamps or G-clamps are typically made of steel or cast iron,
though smaller clamps may be made of pot metal.

20. Hand Drill

- A hand powered drill with bits was used for boring holes in various materials or
fastening various materials together.

21. Round File

- Round in cross-section and gradually tapered over their length. They are used for
enlarging round holes or cutting scalloped edges.

22. Triangular File

- Triangular in cross-section, which may taper gradually, often to a point on smaller
files. The sides may be equal in cross-section, or have two long and one short surface.
23. Square File
- Square files are machinist's files that can be used in slots and key ways. As the name
suggests, square files have a square cross section. They are also used for roughing
(removing material quickly) when turning round drill holes into square slots.

24. Flat File

- The flat file’s steel shaft has sharp, parallel ridges cut into it before the steel is
hardened. They do not cut as quickly as rasps, they give a finer finish. Also used for
smoothing the surface.

25. Half Round File

- It has one flat and one convex surface, and either tapering slightly or maintaining an
even thickness, width, or both over their length.
26. Rasp File
- A type of file that they have individually raised triangular-shaped teeth. They cut
more quickly than other file but leave a coarser finish. Useful for removing large
amount of material quickly.

27. Center Punch

- A center punch is used to mark the center of a point. It is usually used to mark the
center of a hole when drilling holes. A drill has the tendency to "wander" if it does
not start in a recess. A center punch forms a large enough dimple to "guide" the tip of
the drill.

28. Nail
- a nail is a pin-shaped object of metal (or wood, called a treenail or "trunnel") which is
used as a fastener, as a peg to hang something, or sometimes as a decoration.
Generally, nails have a sharp point on one end and a flattened head on the other.
29. Wood Glue
- Wood glue is an adhesive used to tightly bond pieces of wood together.

30. Measuring Tape

- A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible ruler. It consists of a ribbon of cloth,
plastic, fibre glass, or metal strip with linear-measurement markings. It is a common
measuring tool. Its design allows for a measure of great length to be easily carried in
pocket or toolkit and permits one to measure around curves or corners.

31. Plier (Mechanical)

- Also Called Lineman’s Plies or Combination Pliers. They are heavy pliers that have
the ability to both cut and twist wire. Designed with a large, strong head and big jaw
areas that typically have serrations or teeth, make these ideal for holding on to things.
The built in wire cutter is also very robust because of the strong hinge design. Longer
handles on these pliers also typically allow a lot of grip strength.
32. Plier (Long Nose)
- Long-nose Pliers are very handy for grabbing small items in hard to reach places.
They are also very handy for working with small objects and are very useful for
bending wire. Many models of these types of pliers have built in wire cutters at the
base of the jaw.

33. Plier (Side Cutter)

- Side Cutting Pliers or Dikes are different than all the other types of pliers because
their jaws do not have gripping surfaces. Equipped with just cutting edges, they have
the ability to cut wire and remove small nails. These types of pliers are not normally
used for cutting steel or extremely hard materials since these materials will damage
the cutting surfaces.

34. Caliper
A. (Outside)
- Outside calipers are used to measure the external size of an object. They are
especially useful when measuring over very large distances, consider if the calipers
are used to measure a large diameter pipe.
 B. (Inside)
- The inside calipers are used to measure the internal size of an object.
- The upper caliper in the image (at the right) requires manual adjustment prior to
fitting.
- The lower caliper in the image has an adjusting screw that permits it to be carefully
adjusted without removal of the tool from the workpiece.

35. Wood Turning Chisel

- Woodturning chisels are a group of tools used in conjunction with a lathe. A
woodturning chisel typically has a long metal blade with a sharp, shaped cutting edge
connected to a long wooden handle. A woodturning lathe is designed to cut and shape
pieces of wood that are turned on a lathe, including table legs, stair spindles, pepper
mills, bowls and dishes.