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EXPERIMENT NO. 2
2 J Vernier Caliper
AIM
To measure the dimensions of a given specimen using Vernier
caliper.
APPARATUs
Vernier caliper, micrometre and
rectangular object.
THEORY
A measuring instrument is any device that may be used to obtain a linear
(dimension) or angular measurement. Measurement systems are mainly
used in industries for
quality control management. Often
engineers are applying some the measuring systems suchquality
control
as linear and
angular measurements. These measurements ,are very much useful to
compare the actual measurements\ with already
measurements.
existing standard
The linear measurement includes the measurement of lengths, width,
diameters, heights and thickness. The basic principle of linear
measurement is that of comparison with standard dimensions on a
Suitably engraved instrument or device The various devices used for
measuring the linear measurements are:
KA) Non-precision instruments
Steel rule
Calipers
Dividers
Telescopic gauge
Depth gauge
B) Precision instruments
Micrometres (screw gauge)
Vernier calipers
Vernier depth gauges
Vernier height gauges
Slip gauges
C) Comparators
(D) Coordinate measuring machines

VERNIER CALIPERS

Description of the Vernier caliper

A Vernier caliper is an instrument for making very accurate
measurements, introduced in 1631 by Pierre Vernier of France. When a
component has to be measured to the second place of decimal, Vernier
Calipers and micrometres are employed.

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Engineering [BT-203] 13
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Vemier caliper is one of the common instruments in which the small

measured distance is magnified oy an auxiliary (vernier) scale. Oneonscale
(main soale) is fixed and the other scale (Vernier Scale) is the
main scale., When the zero on the Vernier Scale coincides with the zero
sliding
on the nmain scale, the number of divisions on the Vernier Scalee is one
more or one less than the number of divisions on main scale with which
it
coineides exactly.
It uses two scales one fixed and the other movable, then the difference
of
between these two seales can be utilized, to enhance the accuracy
measurement.

ntemal juws Main scale

(fixecl)
a Look nut

BO 100 110 120 120

yulalaiu (ludhukanhriolumknknospkunl

Vernlor Fine
6oule (movatble) adustment

Aw Movabla
FIxed- Extemal Jaw
aws
Figure 2.1 Vernier Caliper
named
It consists of two scales which
can slide along each other,
as main scale and vernier scale.
is engraved on solid L-shaped
Main scale is the scale which
20 parts with centimetre system
frame. This scale is divided into
0.05 cm.
that small division equals to
so
movable jaw
main scale and has a
Vernier scale slides over the nut, the
slide over the frame. With the help of locking
which can
position.
movable jaw can be locked at any required
measured is kept between the external jaws
The component to be
between the internal jaws for
for measuring outer dimensions and
measuring inner dimensions.
on main scale are
obtain the reading, the number of divisions
To determine
and then the vernier scale is examined to
first read off with a division
division coincides or most coincident
which of the
on a main scale.
screw.
.The fine adjustment can be done by using adjustment

Principle one main scale

division (M.S.D.) and
of
The difference in the magnitude of the
division (V.S.D.) is called the least count
one vernier scale measured using the
smallest distance that can be
instrument, as it is the
instrument. M.S.D.
n V.S.D.=(n- 1)
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L1c6ES

Formulas used
Least count of vernier calipers=
themagitude of the smallest division on the main scale
the total number of small divisions on the vernier scale

and 0.1 mm are also

Verniers with least count of 0.02 mm, 0.05 mm

available as per the requirement.

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(MP
LNC Lakshmi NarainCollege of

OBSERVATIONS
Constant)
count of Vernier Calipers (Vernier =0.1 cmn
L.east =1 mm
I main scale division (MSD) -50 (say)
divisions, N divisions
Number of vernier scale 4 9 main scale
divisions scale division
50 vernier scale 0.98 main
division division
vernier scale
IVemier constant d i v i s i o n - I vernier scale
m a i n scale
divisions
scale
(1-0.98) main
division
=0.02 main scale
0.02mm =0.092cm
Vernier constant (Vc)=
MSD/N=1mm/50-0.02mm-0.002cm
Alternatively,
Vemier constant (Vc)= 1
OBSERVATION TABLE

Number Vernier
Measured
Main scale
of dimension
Scale
coinciding reading,
=M +V
S. V =Nx
Dimensions reading, vernier
No. Vc (cm/mm)
M division,
(cm/mm) N (cm/mm)
Ll=

wwwwwwwwwwwwwww wa
L2
Length
L3=
(L) 3
B1=

B2
Breadth
B3
(B)
Hl=

H2-
Height 2
H3
(H) 3

CALCULATIONS
= [L1+L2+L3]/3=
Mean measured length

Mean measured breadth

=[B1+B2+B3]/3
C n

=[HI+H2+H3]/3=
Mean measured height
..Cm

Mechanical Engineering [BT-2031 16

t m e n t

I Lab Manual | Basic

LNCI Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (LNCT)
Bhopal(MP)

RESULTS
Dimensions of the given rectangular block are:
Length, L ..cm

Breadth, B

Height, H ...Cm

PRECAUTIONS
l t the vernier scale is not sliding smoothly over the main scal
apply machine oil/grease.
to
2. Screw the vernier tightly without exerting undue pressure
avoid any damage to the threads of the screw.
3. Keep the eye directly over the division mark to avoid any error
due to parallax
and
Note down each observation with correct significant figures
units