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LNCT Lokshm! Naraln College of Technology (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

EXPERIMENT NO. 3
3 Micrometre/ Screw Gauge

Micrometre/
Serew
Gauge AIM
Tomeasure the diameter of a given wire specimen using micrometre.
4PPARATUS
Micrometre and wire specimen.
THEORY
A measuring instrument any device that may be used to obtain a linear
(dimension) or angular measurement. Measurement systems are mainly
used in industries for quality control management. Often quality control
engineerS are applying some the measuring systems such as linear and
angular measurements. These measurements are very much useful to
compare the actual measurements with already existing standard
measurements.
The linear measurement includes the measurement of lengths, width,
diameters, heights and thickness. The basic principle of linear
measurement is that of comparison with standard dimensions on a
suitably engraved instrument or device. The various devices used for
measuring the linear measurements are:
(A)Non-precision instruments
Steel rule
Calipers
Dividers
Telescopic gauge
Depth gauge
(B) Precision instruments
Micrometres (screw gauge)
Vernier calipers
Vernier depth gauges
Vernier height gauges
Slip gauges
(C) Comparators
(D)Coordinate measuring machines
MKCROMETRE/ SCREW GAUGE
Description of the Micrometre/ Serew Gauge
With Vernier Callipers we are usually able to measure length
up to 0.l mm, More accurate measurement of accurately
length, up to 0.01 mmn or
0.005 mm, may be made by using a sorew gauge. As such a Screw Gauge
is an instrument of higher precision than a Vernier Callipers.

Mechanlcal Engineering Departmeut | Lab Manual | Baslc Mechanical Engineering [BT-203)

23
N22020
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LNCT
SGROUP OF CC
EGES Lakshmi Naratn College of Technology (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

Dimension Lock nut

lo be messured
Barrel -Ralchet

45
H35
25

Micrometre/
Screw
Gauge Anvil.

Splhdle
Thimble with suxiliary scale

Main scale

U shape frame

Figure 3.1 Micrometre/ Serew Gauge

A micrometre (Fig. 3.1) mainly consists of following parts:
U-shape frame: It is made of steel or cast iron and holds all parts of
micrometre. The gap between the two ends of U-shape frame allows
maximum size of a component to be measured.
Anvil and spindle; The one end of spindle is attached to thimble and
another end constitutes the movable anvil. Anvil is rigidly fixed to the
one end of frame. As the spindle touch the anvil, thimble cannot be
rotated further in forward direction. When anvil and spindle ends are
brought together the micrometre reads zero.
Thimble: The movement of spindle in forward or backward direction is
controlled by the rotation of thimble. It has 50 equal divisions around its
circumference.
Barrel: It is accurately divided and clearly marked in 0.5 mm division
along its length which acts as a main scale.
Ratchet: It is provided at the end of spindle. It controls the pressure
applied on a component for accurate measurement. When the spindle
reaches near the component, the operator uses the ratchet screw to tighten
the thimble. When the correct pressure is applied, the ratchet
automatically slips and prevents the application of too much pressure.
Lock nut: It is provided on the spindle to lock it when the micrometre is
at its correct reading.
D R
B 0.5

ST 95
LS CS

U-FRAME
Figure 3.2 Micrometre/ screw gauge

Mechanical Engineering Department|Lab Manual| Basic Mechanical Engineering BT-2031 20

PRINCIPLE
Micrometre works on the principle of screw and nut. The linear distance
moved by the screw is directly proportional to the rotation given to it. The
linear distance moved by the screw when it is rotated by one division of
the circular scale, is the least distance that can be measured accurately by
the instrument. It is called the least count of the instrument.
Least count =pitch/No. of divisions on circular scale
For example, for a screw gauge with a pitch of lmm and 100
the circular scale. The least count is divisions on
1mm/100 =0.01 mm
This is the smallest length one can measure with this
screw gauge.
In another type of screw gauge, pitch is 0.5 mm and therè are S0 divisions
on the circular scale. The least count of this screw gauge is 0.5
mm/50 =
0.01 mnm.
Note that here two rotations of the circular scale make the screw to
advance through a distance of l mm. Some screw gauge has a least count
of 0.00l mm (i.e. 10 m) and therefore are called micrometre screw.
Micrometre/
Screw
Gauge
The length of the smallest division on the linear scale
*oo0ss. Imm

Distance moved by the screw when it is rotated through x complete

rotations,
mm
Pitch of the screw gauge
=y/x=.
Number of divisions on the circular scale,
n=
Least Count (L.C.)of screw gauge
=pitch/No. of divisions on the circular scale
.mm

OBSERVATION TABLE
Reading along one dircction Reading along perpendicular
direction
(d,)
(da)
S. Measured
Linear Cireular Diameter Linear diameter
No. Scale Scale d Seale
Circular
Scale
Diameter
d2 D=(drtdaj/2
reading, reading,=MtnxLC rcading, readíng, -M+nxLC
M (mm) (mm) M (mm) (mm)

1D=

2D

3D
3

4D

VeALCULATIONS
Mean measured diameter =[1D+2D+3D+4D]/4

.mm
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PRECAUTIONS

Rachet arrangement in screw gauge must be utilised to avoid

undue pressure on the wire as this may change the diameter.
2. Move the screw in one direction else the screw may develop

Gauge "play".
3. Screw should move freely without friction.
4. Reading should be taken at least at four different points along the
length of the wire.
5. View all the reading keeping the eye perpendicular to the scale to
avoid error due to parallax.