PERTEMUAN #2

Leadership
What does it mean to be Leader
DEFINITIONS OF LEADERSHIP
Leadership is “the behavior of an individual . . . directing the
activities of a group toward a shared goal” (Hemphill & Coons,
1957, p. 7).
Leadership is “the influential increment over and above
mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the
organization” (Katz & Kahn, 1978, p. 528).
Leadership is “the process of influencing the activities of an
organized group toward goal achievement” (Rauch & Behling,
1984, p. 46).
“Leadership is about articulating visions, embodying values, and
creating the environment within which things can be
accomplished” (Richards & Engle, 1986, p. 206).
DEFINITIONS OF LEADERSHIP
"Leadership is a process of giving purpose (meaningful direction)
to collective effort, and causing willing effort to be expended to
achieve purpose” (Jacobs & Jaques, 1990, p. 281).
Leadership “is the ability to step outside the culture . . . to start
evolutionary change processes that are more adaptive” (Schein,
1992, p. 2).
“Leadership is the process of making sense of what people are
doing together so that people will understand and be committed”
(Drath & Palus, 1994, p. 4).
Leadership is “the ability of an individual to influence, motivate,
and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and
success of the organization . . .” (House et al., 1999, p. 184).
Leadership is the process of influencing others to understand and
agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the
process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to
accomplish shared objectives.
(Gary Yukl)

Leadership is not a place; it is a process.

(James Kouzes and Barry Posner)

One measure of leadership is the caliber of people who choose to

follow you.
(Dennis A. Peer)
"A forceful and dynamic personality who really leads from the
front; an architect and implementer of strategy; a mediator in conflict situations;
an integrator who assures the climate of the organization; a person able to
motivate subordinates and who, by persuasion, compulsion or example to others;
succeeds in getting others to follow the leader’s wishes"
(Sorenson & Epps)

“leaders are just ordinary people with extraordinary determination.”

(Seaman Garns)

“the art of mastering change . . . the ability to mobilize others’ efforts in new
directions.”
(Harvard Professor Rosabeth Ross Kanter)
WHAT LEADERS CAN INFLUENCE?

The choice of objectives and strategies to pursue.

The motivation of members to achieve the objectives.
The mutual trust and cooperation of members.
The organization and coordination of work activities.
The allocation of resources to activities and objectives.
The development of member skills and confidence.
The learning and sharing of new knowledge by
members.
The enlistment of support and cooperation from
outsiders.
The design of formal structure, programs, and systems.
The shared beliefs and values of members.
It’s not what you’ve been given, but what you do with it
that matters.

The test of a leader lies in the reaction and response of his

followers. He should not have to impose authority. Bossiness
in itself never made a leader. He must make his influence felt
by example and the instilling of confidence in his followers.
The greatness of a leader is measured by the achievements
of the led. This is the ultimate test of his effectiveness.
(General Omar Bradley)
Leadership:
Born to It or Nurtured?

Leaders are made, they are not born. They are made
by hard effort, which is the price which all of us must
pay to achieve any goal that is worthwhile. Vince
Lombardi
Pendekatan 1. Pendekatan Sifat (Trait);
2. Pendekatan Keahlian (Skill);
Kepemimpinan 3. Pendekatan Gaya (Style);
4. Pendekatan Situasional;
5. Pendekatan Kontijensi;
6. Pendekatan Transaksional;
7. Pendekatan Visioner
8. Pendekatan Transformasional;
9. Pendekatan Otentik;
10. Pendekatan Tim;
11. Pendekatan Psikodinamik.
Pendekatan
Kepemimpinan
TERIMA KASIH

DILANJUT
PERTEMUAN #3