Art or “Sining” is defined as the different manners of expressing human skills and imagination in the creation of aesthetic

conditions, objects and presentations. Art is not confined only to what is seen. Art involves the use of all the physical
senses in order to appreciate it. Arts play a significant role in the abundant cultural identity of the Philippines.

Characteristic
Tradition s/Features Various Art Forms from The Regions

Angono Petroglyphs The Angono

Art forms are Petroglyphs is situated in Binangonan,
primarily Rizal. It was discovered by the
influenced by the National Artist, Carlos “Botong”
geographical Francisco, in 1965. There are 127
location and human and animal figures engraved on
the experiences of the rock wall and dated back
https://upload.wikimedia.org
the Filipinos /wikipedia/commons/7/7b/ to circa late Neolithic.
(Luzviminda & Angono-Petroglyphs-1.jpg
Ethnic Manunggul Jar
Tradition Sayseng, 2016).
In this time, the Manunggul jar is found in Manunggul
purpose of arts Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan in the
is integral to life. early 1960s.
Arts Manunggul jar is a burial jar which
reflected the signifies the belief of early Filipino in
pagan beliefs life after death.
https://upload.wikimedi
and practices,
a.org/wikipedia/commo
everyday ns/e/eb/Manunggul_Jar
.jpg

activity such as Banga

fishing and Banga literally means pots. The Banga or pot
farming, and dance is a performance of Kalinga of the
specific Mountain Province of the Philippines. This
dance shows the elegant grace of Igorot tribe
decorative art
and the skill and strength of women.
pattern to the https://www.flickr.com/photos
/kostastrovas/5586665289/in/
community. photolist-9vF7Xk -aqxtt6

Langit, lupa, at Impyerno by Josef

Luciano Dans
This wall painting by Josef Luciano Dans will be found in St. James
the Apostle Church in Paete, Laguna. This painting was dated 1850
Art forms were and depicts the heaven, crucifixion of Christ; earth, Adan and Eve;
primarily and hell, sinners with different transgressions.
influenced by https://commons.wikimedia.org/
wiki/File:Allan_Jay_Quesada-
religion and _DSC_0465_St._Paul_Metropolitan
Spanish
secularization. In _Cathedral,_Vigan_City.jpg
Colonial
Tradition this time,
Spaniards used
arts to
propagate the
St. Paul Metropolitan
Catholic faith.
Cathedral
St. Paul Metropolitan Cathedral is located in Burgos, Vigan City,
Ilocos Sur. The original structure
was built in 1574 and replaced as a church in 1641. The cathedral
follows a Baroque architectural design.
 The Making of the Philippine Flag
by Fernando Amorsolo
This painting was made by Fernando
Amorsolo, “Grand Old
Man of Philippine Art” and born https://www.flickr.com/photos
Modern Art in Manila. It shows a reminder of the /192509194@N08/5102723041
2/in/photolist-tqrprj-2kK6TQG
Modern art refers reminder of traditions and customs of the
to the Filipino.
practice of art
from 1860s to Bayanihan
1960s. the main by Carlos “Botong” Francisco Carlos
theme of art “Botong” Francisco was born in Ango, Rizal.
American
works in This painting by him was dated in
Colonial
this time is 1962. This mural painting of Carlos https://www.flickr.com/photos/
and
national identity. “Botong” Francisco shows the Filipino’s nccaofficial/18250521149/in/p
Contempo bayanihan tradition. This also shows the
hotolist-tNJG6K-2hVaF4W

rary Arts distinctive style of Francisco’s painting that showcased his mastery in
Traditions arts.

Contemporary Cinco Marias (Tres Marias Series)

Arts by Federico Aguilar Alcuaz
Contemporary Federico Aguilas Alcuaz was born in Santa
art refers to the Cruz, Manila. Cinco Marias (Tres Marias
practice of art Series) depicts the variety of lermo, 2007).
from 1970s to the http://www.artnet.com/artists
/federico-aguilar-alcuaz/cinco -
present. marias-tres-marias-series-
Contemporary t13EdcO9e9IDJjcXRsyM5A2
domestic activities (Guil
arts mirror
https://www.flickr.com/photos/
contemporary blrapadas/7401469674/in/phot Art Installation in Sand Dunes of
culture and olist-ch3t57-bX1hu6 Paoay by Leeroy New
society. Diverse Leeroy New is one of the Philippines
and emerging art contemporary artists. He is born
practices were in General SANTOS City. This art
installation of Leeroy New was made for
being
the La Milagrosa Festival in Ilocos Norte.
introduced in this According to Leeroy New, the art installation symbolizes the great
era.
festivals, feasts and celebrations (Lape𝑛̃a, 2012).
Elements of Art

1. Space
In visual arts, space pertains to emptiness which may either be positive
space or negative space. Positive space refers to a part which is
enclosed in a shape, while negative space refers to the opposite part
which the shape is enclosing.
2. Line
In visual arts, a line is a series of connected points. It may come in two
characteristics: form – curved, dotted, or broken lines; and direction –
vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines. Different types of lines may
convey different meanings. For example, a
horizontal line usually suggests calmness, vertical lines may convey strength, diagonal
lines create an impression of action, curved lines create an expression of gradual change of
direction, and circular line may pertain an abrupt change of direction.
3. Shape and Form
Shape is an area that is enclosed by a line or lines. Shapes are two
dimensional figures with height and width. There are different kinds of
shapes and these are geometric shapes (triangle, squares, rectangle, etc.),
organic shapes (shapes found in nature, e.g. shape of a leaf or cloud),
abstract shapes (asymmetrical and free flowing shapes). Meanwhile,
forms are three dimensional figures. Its dimensions are height, width,
and volume. Unlike shapes, it has more depth.
4. Color
In visual arts, color is associated with the natural phenomenon in our
environment. Scientifically, when a light passes through a prism, it will produce different
hues of different wavelengths. These colors may pertain to lightness, darkness, coolness, or
warmth.

5. Value
In visual arts, value is considered a property of a color which
pertains to its lightness or darkness.
6. Texture
In visual arts, texture is the element that appeals to our sense of feel on things, rough,
smooth, bumpy, or slippery. It pertains to the surface of an art piece.

Principles of Art

1. Proportion
Proportion refers to the relationship of the size of elements in a body of art. For example,
when drawing a human standing beside a house, it is important to ensure that the size of
the human is proportional to the size of the house.
2. Harmony
In visual arts, harmony is the unity of the artwork, specifically about the arrangement of the
related elements.
3. Variety
In other terms, variety may be referred to as diversity. This means adding multiple, different
elements to break the monotony of an artwork and make it more interesting.
4. Movement
In arts, movement is the illusion of motion in a painting, sculpture design, or in a piece of
art.
5. Rhythm
This refers to the repetition of certain elements to produce a pattern. In visual arts, repeated
design elements may create a certain flow and may lead the viewer’s eyes.
6. Balance
Balance refers to the even and equal distribution of elements.
7. Emphasis
Emphasis is a principle which may refer to the greater impact given on a certain element.
 CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS 1 Quarter-Week 2

There are various expressions Philippine art that can be found night inside our homes and are found everyone
arrangement of furniture, home décor, the way a mother cooks a particular kind of food to the jeepney designs and spas
architecture of buildings, billboard designs and other unnoticed works of art, comprise the art of today”

The artworks and styles of the past have evolved and have adapted to a dynamic changing world, a world
immersed in the latest technology and emerging ideologies. These artworks and styles are created, witnessed and
experienced in our Meme by artists and style experts catering to Millennial and Gen Z viewers, and techy clientele These
artworks are collectively known as Contemporary Art.

The term contemporary has been defined as “something happening existing, living, or coming into being during
the same period of time” (Merriam-Webster). Assuming this definition, Contemporary Art refers to art of any form and
genre that produced in our contemporary time, simply put as “art created today It should not be confused with Modern
An which ranges from the end of the 19 Century until the 1970’s or 1980’s or the late 20 Century. It will put
Contemporary Art from the late 20 Century to the present. Modern Art differs from Contemporary Art historically and
contextually

Contemporary Art

Contemporary Art is influenced by the economic, social, political and environmental context where the artist is immersed
in It can be said that Contemporary Art is the artist’s expression of his perception and comprehension of these context
Contemporary Arts in the Philippines is as diverse as our people. Contemporary Philippine Art is not confined to the
usual genres of the four main art forms, namely, visual, literary, applied and performing arts Genres are categories of
artistic creation and ass characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter, Many other genres came up which
include pure are forms as well as mixed art forms: The following are examples from each art form:

Examples of Contemporary Art Forms

Visual Arts

 Pop Art – Fine art that includes imagery from popular and mass culture such as advertising, comic books
 Word Art - Form of art that includes text forming words/phrases. Combination of language and visual imagery.
 Conceptual Art - Focused on ideas and purposes rather than the works of any or technical skill.
 Installation Art - Display of artwork, installing objects in a particular pace.
 Photorealism - It attempts to reproduce image as realistically as possible after studying a photograph.
 Contemporary Realism - Portraying real and not the ideal (well-executed paintings w/ high technical skill.
 Graffiti Art - painted or drawn on a wall w/o permission and within public view.

Performance Arts

 Music: blues, electronic, experimental, funk, hip- hop, jazz, metal, pop, rock, roots (BEEFHJMPRR)
 Theater Art: stage, film, street play
 Dance: flash mob, Street Dances comprising Hip-hop, funk, house and rave

Applied Arts

 Video Art
 Photography
 Computer Art
 Film and Broadcasting Art
  Architecture, Design and Allied Art

Literary Arts (IDGMDTCFHB)

 Illustrated Novel - extended narrative with multiple images together with the text that produces meaning.
 Digi-Fiction - known an electronic literature read from a computer/gadgets, it contains round effects, imager,
film, hyperlink, app based.
 Graphic Novels - similar to comic books because they use sequential art to tell a story - more complex plot
 Manga - Japanese comic book refers to both comics and cartooning.
 Doodle Fiction - more text heavy handwritten graphics, drawing, writing.
 Doodle fiction - created quickly w/ minimal planning or editing.
 Manga - has specific format, pages from left to right.
 Graphic novels - more serious tone, Often aimed at an older audience.

(The 3 have different formats, Types and audience)

 Text-Talk Novels - (blog, email) the story is through dialogues like about talking over text or snap chat or emails
 Chick Literature - written by female authors, focuses on female protagonist, targets the young women
 Flash Fiction - very short story / few words
 Hyper Poetry - produced and presented w/ the computer / digital poetry
 Blog - containing online personal reflections, comments and often hyperlink videos and photograph.

Contemporary Art is prominent in the Philippines and has been appreciated by so many people, and some of
them were not even aware that they are looking at fine examples of Contemporary Art Many contemporary Philippine
artworks have earned the admiration and respect of viewers from here and abroad. These artworks are expressions of
the artist’s thoughts and feelings based on their experience of the here and now. These include current events. Issues
and social concerns affecting the society where the artist lives in.

Contemporary Philippine artists hall from the different regions of the country. They use a wide variety of art
media in their creations, some of the media are materials that are readily available in the locality where the artist resides
Contemporary Philippine artworks are multifaceted and are expressive renditions of the artist’s perception of what were
observed and experienced. These artists create, work and make art in their personal context. Viewers can appreciate
contemporary Philippine art more by employing all of their senses. Viewing art is not just a detached experienced but a
deep personal experience of owling into the artist's mind and heart

Expressions of Contemporary Philippine Art are influenced by social, historical, geographical ideational,
personal and technical factors. These factors are imbibed by the artist and are combined to get immersed in the heart,
to get molded in the mind and to be propelled in the hands to create an expressive reality
 Elements of Contemporary Art

Contemporary Arts have different elements that are put together to come up with a distinct artwork. These
elements include

1. Appropriation, this relates to the modifications made by the artist.

2. Hybridity, this refers in the use of different art mediums that are put together.
3. Technology, its application highlights the creativity of the artist.
4. Performance, carried out for viewers to experience.
5. Space, intricate use of space.

These elements are combined in different ways to come up with Integrative Art. Integrative Art employs the use
of different art elements used together in distinct different expressions Thus, it becomes a combination of different art
forms for specific groups of viewers. Integrative art is also a fusion of different art disciplines using different styles and
media in creating art. It can be found in different places of the country, usually in urban areas where artists have ready
access to different art forms and media. Examples of Integrative Art include the use of computer applications combined
with other media, the use of non-traditional art materials in creating artworks usually done with mixed art forms.

Contemporary Art Forms from the Philippine Regions

With modem technology and easy access to far-flung areas of the country, many artworks have become known
and many more are being created by present day artists from the different regions All forms of art can be found
throughout the country, Artworks coming from the seventeen regions of the three main island groups of Luzon, Visayas
and Mindanao, have been exhibited in different exhibition halls and museums: Viewers have come to know and, more
importantly, to understand the present-day art expressions of artists who want their culture, situation and issues be
known through their artworks The distinct features of Contemporary Philippine Art include:

1. Communal nature, as it reflects the relationships build around the bonds of community and society
2. Intuitive, as Filipinos are immersed in their consciousness of themselves, their community and their culture.
3. Holistic, as individuals, groups of people and events are perceived in their entirety as well as the unitive use of
art materials and forms
4. Creative process, as the artist puts more emphasis on now their artwork was made than on the artwork itself.
5. Integrative, as it encompasses religious, moral, spiritual, social, and environmental concerns
6. Multi-focal, as it considers everything and everyone, the wide perspective of the artwork as well as both artist
and viewer.
 CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS

Module 3. THE NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE PHILIPPINES

The Order of National Artists aims to recognize:

1.The Filipino artists who have made significant contributions to the cultural heritage of the country.
2.The Filipino artistic accomplishment at its highest level and to promote creative expression as significant to the
development of a national cultural identity.
3.The Filipino artists who have dedicated their lives to their works to forge new paths and directions for future generations of
Filipino artists.

The following are the seven categories under which National Artists can be recognized:
1.Literature – poetry, fiction, essay, playwriting, journalism and/or literary criticism;
2.Film and Broadcasting / Broadcast Arts – direction, writing, production design, cinematography, editing, camera work,
and/or performance; and
3.Architecture, Design and Allied Arts– architecture design, interior design, industrial arts design, landscape architecture
and fashion design.
4.Music - singing, composition, direction, and/or performance;
5.Dance - choreography, direction and/or performance;
6.Theater – direction, performance and/or production design;
7.Visual Arts – painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, installation art, mixed media works, illustration, graphic arts,
performance art and/or imaging;

Qualifications for the National Artist Award

The qualifications for a Filipino to be nominated and selected are rigorous. Below are the qualifications for the National Artist
Award.
1.Living artists who are natural-born Filipino citizens.
2.The content and form of their work have procured in building a Filipino sense of nationhood.
3.An artist who have developed a mode of creative expression or style and living a legend on succeeding generations of
artists.
4.An artist who manifest excellence in the practice of their art form
5.The artwork made has attained an international and national recognition.

Insignia of the Order of the National Artists

The Insignia of the Order of the National Artists is formed from a Grand Collar featuring circular links depicting the arts and
an eight-pointed sunburst suspended from a sampaguita wreath in green and white enamel. The center of the badge is
divided into three equal portions, in red, white and blue representing the Philippine Flag with three stylized letter K’s that
stands for the CCP’s motto “ Katotohanan, Kabutihan at Kagandahan “ ( The true, the good and the beautiful ). The Grand
Collar is made from silver gilt bronze.
 Module 4. ELEMENTS OF ART AND PRINCIPLES OF ART

Elements of Art

1. Line
An element of art that is used to define shape, contours, and outlines, also to suggest mass and volume. It may be a
continuous mark made on a surface with a pointed tool or implied by the edges of shapes and forms. Line may come in two
characteristics: form – curved, dotted, or broken lines; and direction – vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines. Different
characteristics of lines may convey different meanings:

Horizontal Line creates an impression of serenity and perfect stability.

Vertical Line creates an impression of strength and perfect stability.
Diagonal Line creates an impression of action.
Curved Line creates an impression of gradual change of direction.
Circular Line creates an impression of abrupt change of direction.

Moreover, lines can be classified into different types:

Outlines are made by the edge of an object or its silhouette.
Contour Lines describe the shape of an object and the interior detail.
Expressive Lines catch the movement and gestures of an active figure.
Sketch Lines capture the appearance of an object or impression of a place.
Calligraphic Lines are the elegant handwriting or lettering Calligraphy done by hand
Implied Lines are lines that are not actually drawn but created by a group of objects seen from a distance.

2. Shape
Shape is an area that is enclosed by a line or lines. Shapes are two dimensional figures with height and
width. There are different kinds of shapes and these are geometric shapes, organic shapes, positive
shapes, negative shapes, static shapes, and dynamic shapes.
Geometric Shapes are circles, squares, rectangles, triangles, and other geometric shapes.
Organic Shapes are shapes found in nature and are free flowing, informal and irregular (abstract shapes).
Positive Shapes are the solid forms in a design.
Negative Shapes are the space around the positive shape.
Static Shapes are shapes that appears stable and resting.
Dynamic Shapes are shapes that appears moving and active.

3. Color
Colors are the way we see light reflected from a surface or refracted through a prism. Colors we see in nature are
reflections of light on the surfaces around us. We can classify colors into primary colors, secondary colors, tertiary colors,
analogous colors, complementary colors, monochromatic colors, warm colors, and cool colors.
Primary colors are red, blue, and yellow.
Secondary colors are the resulting colors when the two of the primary colors are mix. The secondary colors are purple,
green, and orange.
Tertiary colors are the resulting colors when two of the primary and/or secondary colors are mix. The tertiary colors are
amber, vermilion, magenta, violet, teal, and chartreuse.
Analogous Colors are colors that lie nest to each other based on the color wheel. Example of analogous colors are yellow,
orange, and red.
Complementary colors are colors that are opposite to each other based on the color wheel. Examples of complementary
colors are red and green, blue and orange, and purple and yellow.
Monochromatic Colors are several values of one color.
Warm colors are colors that give the feeling of warmth. The warm colors are yellow, amber, orange, vermilion, red, and
magenta.
Cool colors are colors that give the feeling of coolness. The cool colors are purple, violet, blue, teal, green, and chartreuse.

4. Space
Space refers to distances or areas around, between or within components of a piece and refers to the arrangement of
objects on the picture plane (two-dimensional). In visual arts, space may either be positive space or negative space.
Positive space refers to a part which is enclosed in a shape. Meanwhile, negative space refers to the opposite part which
the shape is enclosing. Moreover, perspective is a technical means by which we perceive distance in painting, by which we
are made to see the position of objects in space.

In one-point perspective, we perceive that the position of objects meets at one point on the horizontal line.

In two-point perspective, we perceive that the position of objects meets at two points on the horizontal
line.

5. Texture
Texture is the element that appeals to our sense of feel on things- rough or smooth, bumpy or slippery. It
is the character of the surface of an artwork.
Real texture is the actual texture of an object. Artist may create real texture in art to give it visual interest
or evoke a feeling.
Implied texture made a piece of art to look like a certain texture. Like a drawing of a tree trunk may look
rough but in fact it is just a smooth piece of paper.

6. Value
Value pertains to the lightness or darkness of a color in a given artwork. Value can be changed
by adding white or black to a color and these described as tint and shade.
Tint pertains to the lightness of a color.
Shade pertains to the darkness of a color.
7. Form
Form is the three-dimensionality of an object. It has dimensions of height, width, and length.

According to Mader (2019), the elements of art are the visual tools that the artist uses to create a composition.
Consequently, principles of art represent how the artist uses elements of art to create an effect and convey the artist's
intent.
 Principles of Art

1. Rhythm - This refers to the repetition of certain elements to produce a pattern.

2. Movement - Movement is the illusion of motion in a painting, sculpture, or design.
3. Balance - Balance refers to the visual weight in a picture. It refers to the even distribution of
positions of elements in an artwork. The principle of balance can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
Symmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein its both sides has the same elements in the same
position.
Asymmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein it is balance through the contrast or differences of
any of the elements of art.
4. Proportion - Proportion refers to the relationships of the size of objects in a body of work.
5. Contrast - This principle shows differences between elements of art in an artwork. It shows how
stronger each element of art in relation to one another.
6. Variety - This principle of art refers to the diversity or the different elements used in an artwork to
make it more interesting.
7. Emphasis - Emphasis refers to the greater impact or highlight given to a certain element in an
artwork.
8. Harmony
This principle of art refers to the unity of an artwork. It is about the arrangement of the related elements that makes an
artwork to be viewed as a whole.

Evaluation of Artworks Based on Elements and Principles of Art

This artwork was made by the National Artist of the Philippines in Visual Arts
Hernando Ocampo entitled “Genesis”. According to Rafhael Piola (2015),
“some of the elements that could be seen in this canvass, in my own opinion,
would be lines (curved), shape (amorphic), light, and color. As for its principles
of design and in my own opinion, some of the principles visible to this canvass
would be variety in terms of its colors, and balance (asymmetrical), Redraw by
Mervin Meude emphasis (focal point). Through the elements and principles that
I have seen through this illustration, personally, I would interpret it as a very
strong yet positive canvass because of its colors. With the color of red, for me it
means that there is passion and dedication that the painter wants me to feel
and I could also see a yellow color meaning happiness and positive vibes. As
for its lines, it is curvy yet it is thin meaning it is flowing in a very calm state…” . This artwork of Hernando Ocampo was also
assessed by Ambeth R. Ocampo through the online platform of Philippine Daily Inquirer. According to Ambeth Ocampo
(2013), “with proper lighting, “Genesis” glows with the intensity of red-hot embers and emanating from its three-dimensional
center are what seem to be claws or tongues of fire reaching out to the viewer”.
Overall, elements and principles of art are a must in learning and comprehending arts especially Philippine arts. Hence, if
you are a student engage to arts or have an interest to arts, use these elements and principles of arts wisely in creating
your unique and artistic pieces of art.