COMMUNITY SATISFACTION ON THE POLICE PERFORMANCE IN

POBLACION BINALONAN PANGASINAN

A Thesis

Presented to

The Faculty of College of Criminal Justice Education

University of Eastern Pangasinan

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

By
Melanie Guzman Algayan
Erwin Jazz Dignos Nuezca
Dominic Constantine Cabradilla Pugal
Hanna Jane Cantero Salarda
Vince Lloyd Salazar
Geter Olimpo Siquig
Jaslyn Montefalco Telles
John Mark Muralla Valdez

May 2023
 APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Thesis Writing this

thesis entitled: COMMUNITY SATISFACTION ON THE POLICE

PERFORMANCE, has been proposed and submitted by Melanie Guzman

Algayan, Erwin Jazz D. Nuezca, Dominic Constantine C. Pugal, Hanna Jane C.

Salarda, Vince Lloyd Salazar, Geter O. Siquig, Jaslyn M. Telles, John Mark M.

Valdez are hereby recommended for acceptance and approval for final defense.

JENNIFER C. CASABAR, MSCRIM

Research Adviser

Approved by the panel of examiners on May ____,2023 with a grade of

___________.

DR. GLENDA B. GANZON

Panel Chairman

ALDRIN R. TARANGCO OSCAR G. PULIDO JR,

MSCRIM

Panel Member Panel Member

MARY GRACE C. SAGUN, MSCRIM ARIANE ROSE V. BAUTISTA

Panel Member Panel Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Thesis Writing.

Mr. ALDRIN R. TARANGCO

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers are using this opportunity to express their immeasurable

appreciation and deepest gratitude to the following persons who have contributed

and supported them in the fulfillment of this study

Dr. Evelyn Abalos-Tomboc, the President of the University of Eastern

Pangasinan for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm and immense knowledge.

Dr. Gloria C. Nemedez, Assistant Vice President for Academic Affairs of

University of Eastern Pangasinan for her continuous support and understanding

Dr. Glenda B. Guanzon, Panel Chairman of the Committee on

evaluation, for her insightful comments, compliments, helpful criticisms,

corrections and suggestion to improve the study.

Mr. Aldrin R. Tarangco, the Dean of College of Criminal Justice

Education and also the chairman for the defense panel, for his keen insights,

positive critics, correction, for his time and effort in checking this manuscript.

Ms. Jennifer C. Casabar, Instructor and thesis adviser for her patience

and time in checking and rechecking the manuscript and for sharing her

suggestion and constructive criticisms, which meant so much for the completion

of this study.

Ms. Mary Grace C. Sagun, Adviser and panel member, for her invaluable

suggestion and guidance in the conduct of the study.

 Mr. Oscar G. Pulido Jr., Instructor and panel member, for his invaluable

suggestions and guidance in the conduct of the study

Ms. Ariane Rose V. Bautista, Instructor and penal member, for her

suggestion in this study also her guidance

To the UEP Librarian, for contributing information and also for providing

the adequate materials needed by the researchers.

To our Tool Evaluators, we would like to thank our beloved evaluators for

his empathy, patience and knowledge that imparts unto us.

To Research Ethics Committee, it was a great privilege and honor to

work and study under your guidance.

To the respondents who share their time and effort in collaboration for

answering the questionnaires without any hesitation.

Their families and friends, who gave them full support in making this

dream a reality,

And finally, to our Lord Jesus Christ who gave them the courage,

strength, opportunity, mental and spiritual support.

The Researchers:
Melanie G. Algayan
Erwin Jazz D. Nuezca
Dominic Constantine C. Pugal
Hanna Jane C. Salarda
Geter O. Siquig
 Jaslyn M. Telles
John Mark M. Valdez

DEDICATION

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to the special individuals

who have contributed to the study’s success. The almighty God, who is the giver

of life and the source of all knowledge and wisdom. To our instructors, thank you

for sharing your expertise and ideas in assisting us with the study. To our adoring

parents and guardians, thank you for your unwavering love and support. This

piece of work was given wholeheartedly to the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.

Melanie G. Algayan

Erwin Jazz D. Nuezca

Dominic Constantine C. Pugal

Hanna Jane C. Salarda

Geter O. Siquig

Jaslyn M. Telles

John Mark M. Valdez

Vince Lloyd Salazar

 CONTENTS

PAGE

CHAPTER

1. INTRODUCTION

Background of the study………….………………………………….………..

Conceptual/Theoretical………………...…...….………………….….………

Framework of the Study…………………………………………….…..…….

Statement of the Problem………………….............................…….………

Scope of Delimitation of the Study……………...……………….…….…….

2. METHODOLOGY

Research Design………………………………………………………………

Population and Locale of the Study…………………………………………

Data Gathering Tool………………………………………………………..…

Validity and Reliability of the Instrument……………...…………....………

Data Gathering Procedure………………………………..……..…….….....

Statistical Treatment of Data……...…………………………………..….….

Bibliography.......................................................................................
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with commonality

such as place, norms, religion, values, customs, or identity. Communities may

share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country,

village, town, or neighborhood) or in virtual space through communication

platforms. Durable good relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical

ties also define a sense of community, important to their identity, practice, and

roles in social institutions such as family, home, work, government, society, or

humanity at large. Although communities are usually small relative to personal

social ties, "community" may also refer to large group affiliations such as national

communities, international communities, and virtual communities.

Satisfaction is described as the “internal state of mind of an individual” and

occurs when one is “gratified with the actions of another” (Cao, 2015, p. 241).

Considering the crucial role citizen satisfaction with the police can play in shaping

important public security and police effectiveness outcomes, and how satisfaction

levels have declined sharply in recent years, it is no wonder efforts to uncover

antecedents of this outcome have intensified greatly (Bolger et al., 2021

Community satisfaction refers to people's subjective evaluation of their

well- being as measured by how well their community meets their needs

(Matarrita-Cascante, 2009. Considering the crucial role citizen satisfaction with

 2

the police can play in shaping important public security and police effectiveness

outcomes, and how satisfaction levels have declined sharply in recent years, it is

no wonder efforts to uncover antecedents of this outcome have intensified greatly

(Bolger et al., 2021; Cao, Frank & Cullen, 1996; Hinds & Murphy, 2007).

However, the reason behind this varied level of citizens trust in institutions is not

well explored previously. Hence, there is a dire need to explore and examine the

factors influencing public trust in police institutions (Pryce & Gainey, 2022; Wu &

Sun, 2009).

Over the last few decades, law enforcement has come to value aspects of

its role as essential to its crime-fighting capacity, including legitimacy, procedural

justice, quality of life matters, and partnership with the community. While evolving

law enforcement strategies have improved crime control, many departments still

strive to enhance satisfaction among community members while balancing crime

control and community-oriented approaches. Citizen satisfaction with police has

been found to promote community buy-in and participation in identifying and

addressing both criminal and non-criminal matters. Predictors of citizen

satisfaction with law enforcement, however, have generally been assessed in

larger, urban contexts.

Police performance traditionally-assigned tasks of pursuing, arresting and

charging criminals, preventing crime from occurring, and dealing with traffic-

related offences and accidents, police are further expected to resolve various

conflicts in their communities, reduce or prevent social disorder, and construct

and maintain community relations. It is important to understand that the

 3

measurement of police performance is a complicated task that has multiple

dimensions (Coleman, 2012; Maguire, 2003; Moore and Braga, 2003). There is

no single measure that will be even remotely close to measuring the performance

of everything the police does.

However, such a position still a tremendously heavy obligation to be

carried by the shoulder of only one person, this is because of the considerable

number of families within the Barangay and vastness of its territory

(Goldstein,2020). To make the performance of such obligations more efficient,

the Barangay Captain has the power to appoint Barangay police officers or

Barangay peacekeeping action team to screen the peripheries of puroks.

Public satisfaction with police has been a concern for a long time in the

debate regarding police effectiveness (Bolger et al. 2021; National Institute of

Justice 2002.) Policing characterizes the professional performance of police

agents that, in many countries and through different approaches, intervene in

order to watch, fight against, and prevent crime (Mawby 2011). It is performed in

accordance with emerging changes in physical and social contexts, considering

the major concerns of focused populations (Bengochea et al. 2004). The greater

the proximity between social control forces and the community is, the deeper the

knowledge about geographical areas, and the better the acknowledgement of

population needs can be (Cusson 2000). A community’s satisfaction with the

police also contributes to the increasing involvement of the community itself in

the identification and resolution of criminal and non-criminal problems (Merenda

et al. 2021).
 4

To the best of our knowledge, available information about trust in police

and justice institution in the Portuguese context is based on the fifth round of the

European Social Survey, previously analyzed by Jackson et al. (2011) which is

probably outdated. Concerning these data, most individuals did not have any

contact with the police in two previous years. Among those that had answered

positively, most were satisfied, and similar percentages were neither satisfied or

dissatisfied. The acceptance and legitimacy of the police are directly associated

with the population trusting this formal control entity (Tyler 2006).

This study will conduct in Poblacion, Binalonan, Pangasinan to assess the

level of community satisfaction on Police Performance and to provide

recommendations to address and improve the weaknesses and problems

encountered.

Conceptual/Theoretical Framework of the Study

This study was anchored on Social Disorganization Theory (SDT) by

Clifford Shaw and Henry D. McKay (1942 as cited in Okoro, 2020), which

claimed that disorganized neighborhoods cause crime because informal social

controls have broken down and criminal cultures have emerged. Thus, their

collective efficacy in combating crime and disorder has been lost.

The Routine Activity Theory

It was proposed by Lawrence E. Cohen and Marcus Felson and published

in "Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach" in the

American Sociological Review. They concentrated on violent crimes, which are

 5

defined as illegal acts that cause direct harm to individuals or society as a whole.

They argued that in a socially disorganized neighborhood, opportunities for crime

are likely to be made present and accessible during routine activities, such as

when (1) a potential offender meets (2) a suitable target in the absence of (3) a

capable guardian (Cohen and Felson, 1979 as cited in Okoro, 2020). Hence, for

any social control to be effective in any society, keeping suitable targets close to

capable guardians and likely offenders close to intimate handlers is imperative

(Acheampong, 2015)

Organizational Theory

Organizational theory suggests that an organization’s structure and

activities are determined by its task environment (e.g., its size, age, technology,

and community characteristics). Institutional theory, on the other hand, proposes

that an organization’s structure and activity are responses to variables in its

institutional environment, such as region, funding sources, and external entities

that may exert influence over it, such as civilian review boards or unions. These

theories are frequently viewed as competing, but they do not have to be (Wilson,

2005).

Critical Theory

Critical Theory is a social theory that aims to critique and change society

as a whole. Critical theories attempt to find the underlying assumptions in social

life that keep people from fully and truly understand how the world works. These

underlying assumptions, in the view of critical theories, create a “False

 6

consciousness” that actively undermines people’s progress toward a true

democracy. The infusion of Habermasian critical theory into community policing

represents one means to overcome the communicative obstacles that perpetuate

the asymmetrical and often deleterious relationship between police and SDNS.

The paradigmatic shift advocated in this alternative theory emphasizes a

communicative action that strives to redefine the relationship between police and

poor communities, prescribes a role for police that truly satisfies the normative

philosophy of community policing, and empowers SDNS to achieve their crime

prevention and community development goals (Nickerson, 2022).

Normative Sponsorship Theory

The philosophy of community policing is supported by the theory of

normative sponsorship, which describes the way a group (e.g., the police) must

establish and legitimatize its intent as a facilitator of social control. For example,

the police act in the best interests of the community to create a better social

environment to bridge the gap between the police and the community. Without

community support, community policing will be unsuccessful (Trojanowicz &

Bucqueroux, 1990 as cited in Mutune, 2014). The theory stipulates that a

community program will be sponsored only if it is normative, “within the limits of

established standards,” to all persons and interest groups involved. Normative

sponsorship theory was illustrated in a foot patrol study in Flint, Michigan, which

demonstrated that the police cannot make positive social change in a community

without public support. Public Policy Analysis

 7

Public policy may refer to the actions that the government intends to take

in order to accomplish certain objectives. This definition reduces public policy to

a series of decisions. That is, mere declarations of intentions, desires, principles,

or expressions of desires cannot be referred to as public policy. Public policy

should entail the actual allocation of resources through projects and programs

designed to address perceived public problems and challenges that require

government action to resolve. That is, it should imply rigid patterns of resource

allocation demonstrated by projects and programs intended to address perceived

public needs. This understanding of public policy is consistent with that of

political scientist James E. Anderson, who defines policy as a relatively stable,

purposeful course of action taken by an actor or group of actors in response to a

problem of matter of concern (Anderson, 1997 as cited in Anyebe, 2018).

The conceptual paradigm of this study, as shown in Figure 1. Offers the INPUT,

which contain the level of community performance of Philippine National Police

(PNP) in the Barangay Poblacion in the Municipality of Binalonan, Pangasinan,

the level of community satisfaction in community satisfaction on police

performance in Barangay Poblacion in the Municipality of Binalonan, Pangasinan

and the level of trust and respect on the police on safety and security on police

performance in Barangay Poblacion in the Municipality of Binalonan, Pangasinan

The PROCESS contains the progress or the steps conducted by the researchers

to come up with the result of the Input, and the Output includes the Base on the

result of the study what measure in the Barangay Poblacion in the Municipality of

Binalonan, Pangasinan
 8

INPUT PROCESS

OUTPUT
1. What is the level of

community  Asking

performance? permission to

conduct the
2. What is the level of
study
community Base on the result of

satisfaction? the study what

 Formulation of measure in the

3. Level of trust and

survey, barangay poblacion

respect on the police

Questionnaire in the municipality of

on safety and
Binalonan,
security
Pangasinan
 Administration

of survey,

Questionnaire

Figure 1

Paradigm of the Study

 9

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the Community Satisfaction on the Police

Performance in the Barangay Poblacion in the Municipality of Binalonan,

Pangasinan.

1. What is the level of community performance?

2. What is the level of community satisfaction?

3. What is the level of trust and respect on the police?

4. What is the level of community performance on safety and security?

 10

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study focus on the Community Satisfaction on the Police Performance in

the Barangay Poblacion In the Municipality of Binalonan. It includes the Level of

Trust and Respect on the Police on Safety and Security in the Barangay

Poblacion in the Municipality of Binalonan, Pangasinan.

The respondents of this study are the Community members responsible

for ensuring compliance and coordination with community satisfaction on the

Police Performance in Barangay Poblacion, Binalonan, Pangasinan.

 Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented a brief discussion of the research design,

population and locale of the study, data gathering tool, data gathering

procedures, and the statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The researchers will be using quantitative research specifically the

descriptive research method as an appropriate tool because it involves the data

gathering procedure to determine the Community Satisfaction on the Police

Performance in Poblacion in the Municipality of Binalonan.

The descriptive method is the collection, presentation, and description of

data. It describes what exists, such as current conditions, practices, situations, or

phenomena Descriptive research is defined by Siedlecki, (2020) as the most

appropriate when studying a phenomenon that tends to seek the opinion of the

respondents without the researcher attaching his value. It involves the collection

and analysis of data about people or materials with the intention to compare

existing and required standards and to identify information that is likely to be

used to improve the existing condition of people or things.

Population and Locale of the Study

This study will conduct in Barangay Poblacion, Binalonan, Pangasinan. To

get the sample population for the study the researchers will be using random
 12

sampling. The population of the study was composed of 100 respondents in

Barangay Poblacion, Binalonan, Pangasinan.

Data Gathering Tool

The researchers will be using a survey questionnaire to gather the needed

data which was adapted on the community satisfaction on the police

performance evaluation and in the Barangay Poblacion of Binalonan as one of

references. The questionnaire will be divided into two parts: Part 1 covers

Community Satisfaction on the Police Performance and Part 2 covers Trust and

Respect on the Police on Safety and Security in Barangay Poblacion Binalonan,

Pangasinan.

Validity and Reliability of the Instrument

The questionnaire will formulate through the Community satisfaction on

the police performance gathered in the Police Station. Furthermore, the content

was validated by three (3) panel members who have expertise in the related field

of the study. The researchers will be using range formula whose formula is

shown (See Appendix C) to get the overall range of the content validity.

Data Gathering Procedure

Prior to gathering of data and ensuring administrative support, the

researchers will randomly selects a subject of community members in Barangay

Poblacion, Binalonan, Pangasinan.

 13

Statistical Treatment of Data

The statistical tool will be using to treat data analysis and interpretation. It

includes the use of excel for the computation of data. To answer the problems,

the researchers will be using range formula to determine the subtracting largest

observed value of a variable and smallest observed value.

Formula:

Range = The Maximum Value – The Minimum Value

The four-point rating scale was used to determine the level of community

performance and community satisfaction in the community satisfaction on the

police performance in Barangay Poblacion, Binalonan, Pangasinan.

SCALE/RATING RANGE DESCRIPTIVE

EVALUATION

4 3. 26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree

3 2. 51 – 3. 25 Agree

2 1. 76 – 2. 50 Disagree

1 1. 0 – 1. 75 Strongly Disagree
 14

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PANGASINAN

BINALONAN, PANGASINAN

Name (Optional): _______________________________

 15

Direction: Please fill out the information needed and check (/) the items below

that corresponds to your answer.

COMMUNITY SATISFACTION ON THE POLICE PERFORMANCE

Disagree
Strongly

Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree
WHAT DO YOU FEEL ABOUT THE
FOLLOWING ITEMS?

1 2 3 4
1. Our police provide, communicative,
maintain and enhance their crime
prevention programs to the community.

2. Our police assist the community in the

conduct of activities contributory to the
maintenance of peace and order.

3. Our police implement traffic control

and management effectively.

4. Our police generally have a proven

track record in solving crimes and
arresting criminals.

5. Our police are visible and can be

relied upon in times of disasters,
calamities and other forms of
emergencies.
 16

TRUST & RESPECT ON THE POLICE AND SAFETY & SECURITY:

COMMUNITY PERCEPTION

Disagree
Strongly

Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree
COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE

1 2 3 4
A. Trust in the Police
1. Our police enforce the law
without fear or favor

2. I know that police in our

community do not yield to bribery and
corruption
3. I believe that police do what is
right for my community.

4. I know that police officers are reliable

whenever I need them and are easily
contacted.
5. I am confident that the police in my
community do their job well and act
according to society’s best interest.
6. I will definitely call the police if a crime
occurs near to where I live, work or
anywhere I am.
B. Respect for the Police
1. Our police leaders conduct themselves in
a professional manner and show pride and
commitment to service.
2. I am treated with respect and dignity by
the police in our community.
 17

3. I believe that police in our community

stand up for values that are important to
people in the community.
4. I know that the police generally have the
same sense of right and wrong as I do.

5. I respect the police regardless of Age,

Sex, Rank, and Ethnicity.

6. I believe that when police officers wear

their uniform, they embody law and
authority.
C. Community Perception on Safety and
Security
1. Police officers are visible in our
streets/community and conduct regular
patrol and/ or security checks in various
parts of the community.
2. I feel safe staying at home and/or
walking alone on the streets during the day
and night
3. I do not worry that criminal might enter
our house while we are sleeping.

4. I do not worry that children/younger

siblings might be a part of or might be
victimized by Gangs and Criminals.
5. Our Police patrol assures safety and
security of lives and property in our
community.