CRITICAL JOURNAL REVIEW

Research Methodology

LECTURER: Dr. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd

Arranged by:

Name : Egi Ofanta br Kaban

NIM : 2203321020

Class : English Education C 20

Subject : Research Methodology

ENGLISH EDUCATION AND STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND LITERATURE

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ART

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2023
 PREFACE

Praise be to the presence of God Almighty, who is still giving us the blessings of faith
and health, so that the writer is given this extraordinary opportunity, namely the opportunity
to complete the KKNI assignment of Critical Journal Riview in the Research Methodology
course.

The author thanks Dr. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd. as a lecturer who is always patient in
educating the author and providing knowledge about Research Methodology so that the
writer can complete this paper as a task on time.

The author also hopes that this assignment will be useful in increasing knowledge and
insight about Research Methodology. In addition, the writer also realizes that this thesis still
has many shortcomings and is still far from perfection. Therefore, the authors accept criticism
and suggestions to make this thesis even better in the next assignment. Thank you very much.

Medan, 29 March 2023

Egi Ofanta br Kaban

 TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE .................................................................................................................................. 2
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 4
1.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 The Purpose ................................................................................................................. 4
1.3 The Benefits ................................................................................................................ 4
1.4 The Identity of the Journal .......................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 6
CHAPTER III DISCUSSION .................................................................................................... 8
3.1 The Strenght of the Journal ........................................................................................ 8
3.2 The Weakness of the Journal ...................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER IV CLOSING .......................................................................................................... 9
4.1 Conclusion................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Suggestion ................................................................................................................... 9
REFERENCE ........................................................................................................................... 10
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Literature review or also known as literature review an activity to review or review
various existing literature previously published by academics or other researchers related
to the topic we are going to study thorough. In a series of research processes, either
before, during or after conducting research, researchers are usually asked to compile a
general literature review as the introductory part of the research proposal or research
report. Compile a literature review is tantamount to summarizing results previous
research to get an overview of the topic or problem being studied will be examined at the
same time to answer the various challenges that arise when starting a study.
John W. Creswell explains that a literature review is written summaries of articles
from journals, books, and other documents describe theory as well as information both
past and present, organize bibliography into topics and documents needed for research
proposals. Taylor and Procter explained that a literature review is also called a review
Literature review is an activity to review or examine review various literature that has
been published by academics or other researchers previously related to the topic that we
will examine.
Literature review is required for provide confirmation and confirmation of the
characteristics of the research to be carried out done. The characteristics of a study will
appear by showing that the books, articles, theses, theses and dissertations reviewed have
not or have not answered problems raised by researchers. Thus, a literature review has
great benefits for prospective researchers to explore further what will be in question and
how the research he will do can fill it vacancy due to the absence of similar studies
conducted before.

1.2 The Purpose

 To know Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines
 To find out the strength and weakness of the Journal
 To fulfill one of the KKNI task of Research Methodology

1.3 The Benefits

 Train students in critical thinking to find information in journals.
 Add insight and train students to know how to work on critical journals.
 Become a creative and critical student in critical thinking
 To find out the advantages and disadvantages of journals
1.4 The Identity of the Journal
 Article Title : Literature review as a research methodology: An overview
and guidelines
 Journal Name : Journal of Business Research
 Authors : Hannah Snyder
 Publisher : Elsevier
 Year of publication : 2019
 City of Publication : Norway
 Volume : 104
 Pages : 7 Pages
 ISSN :-
 DOI : 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
 CHAPTER II

SUMMARY

A literature review can broadly be described as a more or less systematic way of collecting
and synthesizing previous research (Baumeister & Leary, 1997; Tranfield, Denyer, & Smart,
2003). An effective and wellconducted review as a research method creates a firm foundation
for advancing knowledge and facilitating theory development (Webster & Watson, 2002). By
integrating findings and perspectives from many empirical findings, a literature review can
address research questions with a power that no single study has. It can also help to provide
an overview of areas in which the research is disparate and interdisciplinary.

In addition, a literature review is an excellent way of synthesizing research findings to

show evidence on a meta-level and to uncover areas in which more research is needed, which
is a critical component of creating theoretical frameworks and building conceptual models.
However, traditional ways of describing and portraying the literature often lack thoroughness
and are not undertaken systematically (Tranfield et al., 2003). This results in a lack of
knowledge of what the collection of studies is actually saying or to what it is pointing at. As a
result, there is a great chance that authors build their research on flawed assumptions. When
researchers are selective of the evidence on which to build their research, ignoring research
that points the other way, serious problems can be faced. In addition, even when the
methodology of the reviews is valid, there are often issues with what constitutes a good
contribution.
Consideration of prior, relevant literature is essential for all research disciplines and all
research projects. When reading an article, independent of discipline, the author begins by
describing previous research to map and assess the research area to motivate the aim of the
study and justify the research question and hypotheses. This is generally referred to as the
“literature review,” “theoretical framework,” or “research background.” However, for a
literature review to become a proper research methodology, as with any other research,
follow proper steps need to be followed and action taken to ensure the review is accurate,
precise, and trustworthy.
A literature review may be the best methodological tool to provide answers. For
example, reviews are useful when the researcher wants to evaluate theory or evidence in a
certain area or to examine the validity or accuracy of a certain theory or competing theories
(Tranfield et al., 2003). This approach can be narrow, such as investigating the effect of or
relationship between two specific variables, or it can be broader, such as exploring the
collective evidence in a certain research area. In addition, literature reviews are useful when
the aim is to provide an overview of a certain issue or research problem. Typically, this type
of literature review is conducted to evaluate the state of knowledge on a particular topic. It
can be used, for example, to create research agendas, identify gaps in research, or simply
discuss a particular matter. Literature reviews can also be useful if the aim is to engage in
theory development (Baumeister & Leary, 1997; Torraco, 2005). In these cases, a literature
review provides the basis for building a new conceptual model or theory, and it can be
valuable when aiming to map the development of a particular research field over time.
However, it is important to note that depending on the goal of the literature review, the
method that should be used will vary.
A quality literature review must have both depth and rigor, that is, it needs to
demonstrate an appropriate strategy for selecting articles and capturing data and insights and
to offer something beyond a recitation of previous research. In addition, they state that a
quality literature review needs to be replicable, that is, the method must be described such
that an external reader could replicate the study and reach similar findings. Lastly, they state
that a literature review must be useful for scholars and practitioners. However, evaluating
different types of literature reviews can be challenging. Therefore, some guidelines for
eventuating literature review articles across approaches are suggested as a starting point to
help editors, reviewers, authors, and readers evaluating literature reviews.
Important to note is that simply conducting a meta-analysis does not warrant
publication; it must also focus on a topic that is relevant, is interesting, and solves some type
of research dilemma, thereby advancing the knowledge in the field. In addition, reviews that
build on computer-based text analysis and machine learning have been receiving increased
interest in business research (e.g., Antons & Breidbach, 2018; Witell et al., 2016). While text
analysis may well be an excellent way to contribute, simply using these types of techniques is
not enough if it is not done properly and with a purpose in mind. Often, text analysis
approaches end up being highly descriptive, only providing an overview of topics, themes, or
networks and not generating any deeper analysis. As an alternative, a valuable output from
these types of analyses can for example creating a timeline for analyzing and predicting
where a field is heading, a comparison of different related terms or constructs that can serve
as a base for theory development or identifying true knowledge gaps in previous research.
Although rare, still highly desirable is a well-executed literature review that provides a
new theory or includes a well-grounded substantial research agenda or propositions on which
other researchers can build to advance the field (e.g., Boyd & Solarino, 2016; Mazumdar et
al., 2005; Rodell, Breitsohl, Schröder, & Keating, 2016). While this type of analysis is often
time-consuming and requires strong analytical skills from the researchers, if successful, it can
make a great contribution to the specific field of research. Note that the examples above are
only a few of many pathways to making a contribution using literature review as a research
method. However, it is very challenging to try to create a contribution when you have already
collected the data (published material) and try to turn this into a publishable article.
Therefore, it is important to have a particular research question in mind from the beginning
and to ensure the right approach is chosen to solve the research problem at hand.
 CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION

3.1 The Strenght of the Journal

 This journal has an abstract, and has the understanding of various experts so there is
no doubt about its accuracy. Each explanatory title is written in bold (bold), and the
words used in the journal are easy to understand, for example the font size contained
in the journal is not too large and not too small so that readers can easily understand
the contents of the journal.
 This journal contains how the potential for making theoretical and practical
contributions using literature review as a method will be advanced by clarifying what
a literature review is, how to use it, and what criteria should be used to evaluate it.
quality.

3.2 The Weakness of the Journal

 This journal is very good, mentioning how the potential for making theoretical and
practical contributions using literature review as a method will be advanced by
clarifying what a literature review is, how to use it, and what criteria should be used to
evaluate it quality. But this journal does not have an ISSN, even though with an ISSN
the journal has a guarantee that it is of high quality and can be entered into a reputable
database. Without an ISSN, it shows that this journal is not an ideal journal to be used
as a reference for both conducting research, compiling scientific papers, and others.
 CHAPTER IV

CLOSING

4.1 Conclusion
Literature review is an important part that cannot be separated from a study. This
literature review contains reviews and analyzes of various previously published related
literature. What needs to be remembered is that a literature review is not just a
bibliography simply describing one by one publication or research results that already
exist previously. More than that, literature review must be able to provide critical reviews
of the various literatures so as to provide stabilization and affirmation of the
characteristics of the research to be carried out.
However, both conducting a literature review and evaluating its quality can be
challenging, here's why the paper offers some simple guidelines on how to do better, for
more rigorous literature reviews and, in the long term, better research. If there is certainty
that the research is built on high accuracy, it will it is much easier to identify the real
research gaps than to just do the same research over and over again, to develop better and
more appropriate hypotheses and research questions, and, therefore, increase the quality
of research as a community.

4.2 Suggestion
Literature review is very important for a researcher, because through literature
review it will equip him to find a firm footing so that these references can be designed
appropriately according to the area being studied. Therefore, a strong researcher is not
just a good compiler, but he is a critical, analytical and creative thinker. Thus he will be
able to fuse the various concepts in the reference to be crystallized or mixed with the
results of data analysis into a theory that is "partly modified or fully modified".
 REFERENCE

Snyder, Hannah.2019. “Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and

guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339.