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    This document discusses the basics of linear measurement systems. There are three main standards used for linear measurements: the imperial yard, the international prototype meter, and the wavelength standard. Linear measurements can be taken using line, end, or line and end standard methods. The line standard method involves coinciding a measuring device's lines with the ends of the object and counting scale divisions. The end standard method uses slip gauges or bars coincided with the object's ends. The line and end standard method combines these approaches. Line standard measurements are simpler but less accurate than end standard measurements, which have less parallax and wear errors but are more complex.

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    Linear Measurement { Pankaj}

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    This document discusses the basics of linear measurement systems. There are three main standards used for linear measurements: the imperial yard, the international prototype meter, and the wavelength standard. Linear measurements can be taken using line, end, or line and end standard methods. The line standard method involves coinciding a measuring device's lines with the ends of the object and counting scale divisions. The end standard method uses slip gauges or bars coincided with the object's ends. The line and end standard method combines these approaches. Line standard measurements are simpler but less accurate than end standard measurements, which have less parallax and wear errors but are more complex.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views8 pages

    Linear Measurement (Pankaj)

    Uploaded by

    216310018
    This document discusses the basics of linear measurement systems. There are three main standards used for linear measurements: the imperial yard, the international prototype meter, and the wavelength standard. Linear measurements can be taken using line, end, or line and end standard methods. The line standard method involves coinciding a measuring device's lines with the ends of the object and counting scale divisions. The end standard method uses slip gauges or bars coincided with the object's ends. The line and end standard method combines these approaches. Line standard measurements are simpler but less accurate than end standard measurements, which have less parallax and wear errors but are more complex.

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    Measurement System Basics

    Linear Measurement:
    • The measurement of lengths, thickness, diameter, and heights
    including external and internal measurements is called Linear
    measurement.

    Standards used for Linear Measurements:

    1.Imperial Standard Yard


    2.International Prototype Meter
    3.Wavelength Standard
    Imperial Standard Yard
    • 1Yard = 3 feet
    • 1 feet = 12 inches

    International Prototype Meter


    • 1m = 100 cm= 1000 mm

    Wavelength Standard
    • 1m = 1650763.73 light waves of a red-orange line of Krypton-86.
    Methods used for Linear Measurements:

    • Line Standard Method of Measurements

    • End Standard Method of Measurements

    • Line & End Standard Method of Measurements


    Line Standard Method of Measurements:

    • If the lines of measuring equipment are coincided with the ends of a


    measurand, by counting the number of lines in between the coincidence
    lines and multiplied by one scale division, the dimension of the
    component will be obtained called line standard measurement.

    For Example, Scale, tape, etc.

    No.of lines = 95-32 = 63.


    L= n*one scale division
    = 63*1
    = 63
    End Standard Method of Measurements:
    • If ends of measuring equipment are coincided with the ends of the
    measurand and by adding the individual dimensions of the end
    standards used. The dimensions of the component will be obtained
    called End Standard Measurement.

    For example, Slip gauges, end bars, etc.

    L= 60+20+10+5+1 = 96 mm.
    Line & End Standard Method of Measurements:
    • If the ends of measuring equipment are coincided with the ends of a
    measurand and by using the lines if the dimension of the
    component is obtained called as Line and End standard method of
    measurement.

    • For example, Vernier Caliper, Screwgauge, etc.


    Differences Between Line and End Standard Measurements:
    By using a 1 m scale, it is possible to measure nearly 200 varieties of dimensions. Therefore
    the measurements made by using line standards are simple, easier and faster. Whereas by
    using end standard methods, just for measurement of one dimension, there are many slip
    gauges required. Therefore, measurements made by using End standards are difficult and
    time-consuming.
    The accuracy made by using Line standards is up to 0.5 mm only. but the accuracy made by
    using End standards is up to 0.001 mm.
    In the case of line standards, there is no wear and tear problem whereas in the case of End
    standards because of wringing of measuring and measurand, the wear and tear will be taking
    place.
    Parallax error problem is always existing inline standards where there is no parallax error
    problem in case of end standards.
    There is no built-in datum present in the case of line standards but it always exists at both
    the ends of End standards.
    Submitted by:- Pankaj Kumar choudhary

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