Grammar Translation Method ( GTM) : The Grammar-Translation method had

been defined and described as follows: A way of teaching in which students study
grammar and translate words into their own language. They do not practise
communication and there is little focus on speaking.
1.Teacher’s goals: There are two main goals to grammar–translation classes.
- One is to develop students' reading ability to a level where they can read literature
in the target language.
- The other is to develop students' general mental discipline.
2. Roles of teachers:
- Teacher are just guides because grammar translation deals with the memorization
of rules, manipulation of rules, manipulation of the morphology, and syntax of the
foreign language. It requires few specialized skills on the part of teachers because
test of grammar rules and translation are easy to construct and be objectively scrod.
- The facilitator main function is that of observation rather than corrective
intervention in regards to the learners.
3. Roles of students: Students are expected to memories endless list of grammar
rules and vocabulary, and produce almost perfect translations. This method means
a tedious experience and often creates frustration for students. Main activities and
controls are started by the students, he or she is the one who provides the course of
the learning process and the status of knowledge as well.
4. Techer’s response to students’errors:
- Getting correct answer from students is so important
– If students make a mistake, teacher corrects them.

5. Language focus: The method focuses on translating grammatical forms,

memorizing vocabulary, learning rules, and studying conjugations. Its focus is on
accuracy and not fluency. Emphasis is on form and not on meaning.
6. Teaching-Learning process: Grammar–translation classes are usually
conducted in the students' native language. Grammatical rules are learned
deductively; students learn grammar rules by rote, and then practice the rules by
doing grammar drills and translating sentences to and from the target language.
7. Some typical techniques:
- Read and translate a literary passage. ...
- Reading comprehension questions. ...
- Deductive grammar practice. ...
- Fill in the blanks exercises. ...
- Memorization practice. ...
- Composition