Ardelianda Augesla (1810117320005)

2.    Innovative Models of Learning English

2.1       Grammar Translation Method
In the Grammars method, students learn grammar rules together with lists or
vocabulary groups. The words are then used as phrases or sentences based on the rules that
have been learned. In this method, mastery of the rules takes precedence over their
application. Verbal skills, such as pronunciation, were not practiced. This method is easy to
implement because the teacher does not have to speak the language that has to be learned
fluently, while the evaluation and supervision are also not difficult. Translation method
contains text translation activities carried out from easy to difficult things. First from the
target language to the mother tongue and vice versa. Text translation is done by translating
word for word or idea by idea, including idiomatic expressions. The combination of the two
methods above gave birth to the Grammar-Translation method which has the following
characteristics:
 Teaching begins with the provision of grammar rules and refers to the formal
grammar framework.
 The vocabulary that is taught depends on the selected text so that there is no
continuity between groups or vocabulary lists with one another.
 Memorization and translation are prominent characteristics of activities, namely
memorizing and translating vocabulary and grammar rules.
 Pronunciations are not taught or are severely restricted to a few aspects.
 More emphasis on reading and writing skills rather than listening and speaking.
From the description above, GTM can be defined as a language teaching method through
analysis of language rules in detail and followed by the application of knowledge of these
rules for the purpose of translating sentences and texts, either from the target language to the
mother tongue or vice versa. .
Techniques in the Grammar Translation Method:
 Translation of a literary passage.     
 Fill-in-the-blanks.
 Reading comprehension questions.                
 Memorization.
 Antonyms/Synonyms.
  Use words in sentences.
 Deductive application of rule.

2.2       Direct Method (DM)

Direct Method is a revision of the Grammar Translation Method because this method
is considered unable to enable children to communicate using the foreign language that is
being studied. In the learning process, translation is prohibited from being used. The learning
process with DM, the teacher asks Sank to read aloud. Then, the teacher asks questions in the
language being studied. During the learning process, objects such as maps or real objects can
be used. Teachers can draw or demonstrate. Techniques in Direct Method:
 Reading aloud.
 Question and answer exercise.
 Getting students to self-correct.
 Conversation practice.
 Fill-in-the-blanks.
 Map drawing.
 Paragraph writing.

2.3        The Silent Way

Cognitive psychologists and transformative-generative language experts believe that
language learning does not need to be through repetition. They believe that learners can
create phrases that have never been heard. Furthermore, they argue that language learning is
not only mimicking but language rules can help them use the language being learned. In the
learning process, the teacher only points to a chart containing consonant vowels. The teacher
pointed several times in silence. After a while the teacher only gave examples of how to
pronounce it. Then appoint students to pronounce until it is correct. In the learning process
the teacher is silent a lot, they only directs or points to the learning material. Techniques in
The Silent Way:
 Sound-Color Chart.
 Word Chart.
 Teacher’s Silence.
 Fidel Chart.
 Peer Correction.
 Structured Feedback.
 Rods.
 Self-Correction Gestures.