Eastern Theological College

Jorhat, Assam.
M.Th. I : Christian Ministry (Education)
Course Title : Christian Education for Youth (MME016)
Topic : Contemporary context of the youth:
a) Impact of Globalization on Youth
b) Impact of Media Culture and Information Technology
c) Impact of socio-cultural, religious, economic and political
context of youth
d) Impact of environment – Family, School and Neighbourhood
Presenter : Bachem Buchem
Respondent : Vesuto Rakho
Course Guide : Dr Shyam K. Basumatary
Date : 29/08/23

Contents
1. Introduction
2. Definition of Youth
3. Impact of Globalization on Youth
4. Impact of Media Culture and Information Technology
5. Impact of various contexts on Youth
4.1. Socio-cultural Context
4.2. Religious Context
4.3. Economic Context
4.4. Political Context
6. Impact of environment
5.1. Family
5.2. School
5.3. Neighbourhood
7. Youth in Indian Context
8. Biblical Reflection on Youth
Conclusion
Bibliography
 1. Introduction
Youth are the stronghold of any nation, but we cannot deny the fact that the youth
faces different kinds of phases and challenges in life. It is therefore very important to
be aware of the condition of the youth so that they are facilitated to progress in every
aspects of their life. This paper will seek to address various impacts on the life of the
youth in the society.
2. Definition of Youth
There is no universally agreed international definition of the youth age group
because the definition of youth differs from country to country. However, for
statistical purposes, the United Nations (UN) defines ‘youth’ as those persons
between the ages of 15 and 24 years. All UN statistics on youth are based on this
definition.1
3. Impact of Globalization on Youth
Globalization as a concept is used to describe the process by which the world is
transformed into a single arena. It is not merely an economic phenomenon; rather, it
covers all the aspects of modern life.2 It is a process of economic, social, cultural and
political integration of the countries of the world.3
Globalization affects many aspects of young peoples’ lives. 4 Given blow are some of
the positive and negative impacts of globalization on youth.
3.1. Positive Impacts
3.1.1. Cultural Exchange and Diversity: Globalization has facilitated the exchange
of cultural ideas, practices, and traditions. Youth today are exposed to a
diverse range of cultures, promoting open-mindedness and intercultural
understanding. This exposure broadens their worldview and prepares them
to be global citizens.5
3.1.2. Access to Information and Education: The digital globalization has
democratized access to information and education. Youth in even remote

1
“Youth,” United Nations, https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/youth#, (24/08/23).
2
Sib Ranjan Misra, “Tribal Communities in India: Some Emerging Issues in the Light of Globalization,” in
Globalisation and The Marginalised: Issues and Concerns for Development, edited by M.C.Behera and Jumyir
Basar (New Delhi: Commonwealth Publishers PVT. LTD., 2010), 121.
3
S. Hayong, Tribal People and Globalization (New Delhi: Christian World Imprints, 2018), 71.
4
“Globalization,” United Nations, https://www.un.org/development/desa/youth/globalization-wpay.html,
(22/08/23).
5
J. Kurebwa, “The Effects of Globalization on Youth Culture and Identity,” Journal of Liberal Arts and
Humanities 1/4 (April 2020): 111-120.

1
 areas can now access online educational resources, courses, and platforms,
thereby bridging educational gaps.6
3.1.3. Career Opportunities: Globalization has led to the creation of global job
markets. Many Youth have the opportunity to explore careers beyond their
borders, and the outsourcing of jobs (for eg., Call Centers) has opened doors
to new employment avenues.7

3.2. Negative Impacts

3.2.1. Cultural Homogenization: While cultural exchange is a positive aspect,
there is a concern that globalization might lead to the erosion of local
cultures. Most of the Youth adopts globalized trends at the expense of their
own traditional practices, which results in a loss of cultural identity.8
3.2.2. Economic Inequality: The benefits of globalization are not evenly
distributed. Youth from economically disadvantaged backgrounds finds it
challenging to compete in a global job market, leading to increased
inequality.9
3.2.3. Increased Competition: Globalization has intensified competition on a
global scale. This creates pressure on young people to excel academically
and professionally, leading to stress, mental health issues and a sense of
inadequacy.10

4. Impact of Media Culture and Information Technology on Youth

The arrival of media culture and information technology has revolutionized the way
youth interact, communicate, and consume information. The digital age has brought
about unmatched opportunities and challenges, influencing various aspects of young
people's lives.11
Some of the positive and negative impacts are given below:

6
A. Bhardwaj and S. Grounder, “Impact of Social Networking on Indian Youth,” International Journal
of Electronics and Information Engineering 7/1 (2017): 41-51.
7
Elizabeth Morris, “Globalization and its effects on youth employment trends in Asia,” United Nations,
https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/workshops/regm_asia_ilo_elizabeth_morris_paper.pdf,
(24/08/23).
8
Kurebwa, “The Effects of Globalization,” 111-120.
9
Abhishek Kumar Garg, “Youth and Globalisation,” Abhipedia, http://abhipedia.abhimanu.com/
Res_page.aspx?ID=4930, (24/08/23).
10
Kurebwa, “The Effects of Globalization,” 111-120.
11
Ghulam Shabir, “The Impact of Social Media on Youth,” Asian Journal of Social Sciences &
Humanities 3/4 ( November 2014): 132-151.

2
 4.1. Positive Impacts:
4.1.1. Access to Information: Youth now has access to ample information online,
facilitating self-directed learning and research. This has the potential to
enhance their academic pursuits and personal growth.12
4.1.2. Global Connectivity: Media platforms and information technology enable
youth to connect with peers and individuals from diverse cultural
backgrounds around the world.13
4.1.3. Empowerment and Expression: Social media and digital platforms provide
a space for youth to express their opinions, creativity, and activism. This
empowers them to engage in social and political discussions, contributing
to social change and transformation.14
4.2. Negative Impacts:
4.2.1. Digital Addiction: The constant connectivity offered by media and
technology can lead to digital addiction and excessive screen time. This
negatively impact physical and mental health, academic performance, and
social interactions.15
4.2.2. Information Overload: The abundance of information online can
overwhelm youth, making it difficult to discern credible sources from
misinformation. This challenges their critical thinking skills and
information evaluation abilities.16
4.2.3. Privacy Concerns, identity theft, online harassment and cyberbullying:
Youth often share personal information online without fully understanding
the potential consequences. Privacy breaches, identity theft, online
harassment and cyberbullying are serious concerns that affect the well-
being of young people.17

5. Impact of Various Contexts on Youth

Our society undergoes change every single day, which affects various aspects of a
person’s life. In conditions of social change and transformation, young generation is

12
Shabir, “The Impact of Social Media,” 132-151.
13
Shabir, “The Impact of Social Media,” 132-151.
14
Sagari Gongala, “Influences of Media on Teenagers,” Journal of Psychology and Counselling 1/1
(June 2023): 65-79.
15
Gongala, “Influences of Media,” 65-79.
16
Gongala, “Influences of Media,” 65-79.
17
Shabir, “The Impact of Social Media,” 132-151.

3
 the most vulnerable due to various physical and mental development processes that
they are going through. In this regard, it is highly important to address the conditions,
life priorities and preferences of today’s youth.18
5.1. Socio-cultural Context: Socio-cultural values act as cultural standards and
norms of life in the society. Youth can be viewed as a specific social community,
which is still developing and building professional and personal way of life. The
socio-cultural environment impacts the youth’s experience of significant changes
in their interests, attitudes, values and also their role in the social goals that largely
determine the future of the society.19
5.1.1. Positive impacts of healthy socio-cultural context – youth develop a strong
sense of cultural identity and pride, instills in youth a positive moral
values, principle and ethics, helps the youth to be aware of cultural
varieties and exposure to diverse languages and communication styles
enhances youth language skills and communication skills.20
5.1.2. Negative impacts of unhealthy socio-cultural context – it can contribute to
formation of discriminatory attitudes, different cultural values can create
identity confusion in youth, dominant and marginalized sociocultural
environment can lead to cultural clash and isolation, youth experiences
tension between traditional and modern cultural conflict, and high social
expectation leads the youth to be under undue pressure limiting their
freedom to make independent decisions.21
5.2. Religious Context: Religiousness and spirituality in youth is associated with
positive religious/spiritual development. Religion plays a very important role in
bringing out a large number of positive outcomes in youth – religious
consciousness, moral development, parent-adolescent relationship quality,
psychological wellbeing, identity formation, less violence, reconciliation in
families and a variety of other positive outcomes. 22 The impact of religion is
different for every youth and is reflected in their loyalty towards God, their family

18
Golovchin M.A. and Leonidova G.V., "Socio-cultural characteristics of the modern youth," Economic
and social changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast 5/35 (2014): 113-126.
19
Golovchin, "Socio-cultural characteristics of the modern youth,"113-126.
20
Golovchin, "Socio-cultural characteristics of the modern youth,"113-126.
21
Golovchin, "Socio-cultural characteristics of the modern youth,"113-126.
22
Golovchin, "Socio-cultural characteristics of the modern youth,"113-126.

4
 and friends by maintaining sensitivity to their needs, challenges and
circumstances.23
5.2.1. Positive impacts – strong moral and ethical foundation, gives the youth a
sense of purpose and meaning in life, religious communities provide youth
with supportive network of peers and mentors, it develops the character of
the youth, teaching of servitude helps the youth to participate in
community services and contribute towards the wellbeing of the society,
provides guidance in difficult times, religious teachings also promote
healthy life choices in youth.24
5.2.2. Negative impacts – Orthodox religious context limits the youth to have
narrow-mindedness and intolerance towards different beliefs or lifestyles,
pressure to conform to religious norms and expectations create conflict
between individual identity (like gender and LGBTQ+ issues) and
family/community values, leading to stress and internal struggles for
youth.25
5.3. Economic Context
One of the biggest challenges facing young Indians is employment. The
International Labour Organization (ILO) reported that the unemployment rate in
India increased from 4.9% in 2018 to 7.5% in 2020, with the COVID-19 pandemic
intensifying the situation.26 Even in the global context most of the unemployed are
young people aged between 15 and 24. The global rate of youth unemployment is
increasing and more young people are dropping out of the labor market entirely
and are more likely to be registered as unemployed (ILO, 2015).27
5.3.1. Positive impacts – in a thriving economy there are more employment
opportunities for youth, a favourable economic context encourage youth to
pursue entrepreneurship, economic growth open doors for variety of
education and training avenues, a strong economic context results in

23
David C. Dollahite and Loren D. Marks, "Positive Youth Religious and Spiritual Development," Journal
of Religions 1/1 (2019): 1-21.
24
Dollahite, "Positive Youth Religious,” 1-21.
25
Dollahite, "Positive Youth Religious,” 1-21.
26
Priyanka Deo, "Is India’s rapidly growing youth population a dividend or disaster?" The Times Of India
(Feb 2, 2023), https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/is-indias-rapidly-growing-youth-population-a-dividend-
or-disaster/articleshow/ (25 Aug 2023).
27
Archana Sawshilya, "Youth Empowerment: Socio Cultural Perspective – Disorientation to Direction,"
Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education 15/12 (December-2018): 887.

5
 government funding for social services like healthcare, housing and social
support programs benefitting the youth and their families.28
5.3.2. Negative impacts – economic instability often leads to unemployment,
underemployment and income inequality which has a negative impact on
youths. It also burdens the young people with debts and financial strain.
Another major problem is that of migration. Limited economic
opportunities lead the young people to migrate to other countries which can
lead to the loss of sense of nationalism or loyalty towards one’s own
country.29

5.4. Political Context

Young people have depressingly low levels of political interest and knowledge.
Youths unfortunately remain amongst the marginalized groups that do not get
enough attention from the authorities and the legislator. And while young people
get usually involved in various non-formal political activities such as organized
protests and civic events, they still do not get adequate representation in formal
political institutions such as the parliament, its various committees and within the
political parties commanding structures. The lack of proper preparation of youth to
leadership positions and poor capacity building programs causes young people to
be either fearful or indifferent to getting involved to improve their political
participation. The major challenges for youths are inadequate opportunities for
effective participation in politics and decision-making process.30
5.4.1. Positive impacts – it helps them understand the Government, actively
participate in their communities, they become aware of the social issues, it
empowers them to voice out, involving in politics help in leadership
development process, they build their networking and social skills, helps
them to take part in community building etc.31
5.4.2. Negative impacts – Lack of opportunities for civic engagement discourages
the youth from participating in political processes, at times youth face the
restriction of freedom to express their opinions and stick to the polical

28
Archana Sawshilya, "Youth Empowerment: 888.
29
Archana Sawshilya, "Youth Empowerment: 888.
30
Sanjay L., "Study on Participation of Youth’s in Politics,” International Journal of Creative Research
Thoughts 9/10 (October 2021): 696.
31
Sanjay, "Study on Participation,” 697.

6
 parties’ agendas, political instability also leads to unemployment and
economic challenges, getting too involved in politics hinders the education
of the youth, the youth also becomes a victim of political clashes and
conflicts, political favoritism and corruption deprives youth from
opportunities that they deserves.32
6. Impact of environment
6.1. Family
Family is a group of persons united by ties of marriage, blood or adoption
constituting a single household interacting and intercommunicating with each
other in their respective social roles as husband and wife, father and mother, son
and daughter, brother and sister, creating a common culture. 33 Family is the basic
and primary form of society. It is the first immediate social environment for any
child. Generally, a child starts to develop in every sphere of his/her life in the
family first. The family environment is the primary agent of socialization for a
child. But we should also remember that there are orphans who do not get this
exposure.34 Every parent in the family gives greatest importance to the upbringing
of their children.35 The family also provides special care of affection, sympathy,
love, motivation, respect and recognition towards the holistic development of their
children.36 But the impact a family has on youth differs from family to family.37
6.1.1. Positive impacts healthy family environment – emotional support, proper
guidance, positive family values, personality development, encouragement
for educational growth, communication skills, social skills, help to resolve
conflicts, sense of belonging and identity.38
6.1.2. Negative impacts of unhealthy family environment – neglect, maltreatment,
unhealthy role models, poor communication skills, difficulty in becoming
independent, stress and mental health issues etc.39
6.2. School
32
Sanjay, "Study on Participation,” 697.
33
Shankar Rao, Sociology: Principles of Sociology with An Introduction of Social Thought, First ed, (New
Delhi: S. Chand and Company, 2009), 349.
34
Manoranjan Tripathy, “Impact of family environment on socio-emotional adjustment of adolescents,”
Asian Journal of Basic Science & Research 1/1 (Oct-Dec 2019): 27.
35
Adelo Mero, “The Naga Home and Youth,” in Doing Youth Ministry in a Naga Context, edited by Soren
Oestergaard and Adelo Mero, (Dimapur: Project Nehemiah NBYE, 2002), 123.
36
Phanenmo Kath, Families in Crisis: Pastoral Care and Family Counselling Models (Delhi: Christian
World Imprints, 2021), 30.
37
Tripathy, “Impact of family environment,”28.
38
Tripathy, “Impact of family environment,”29-30.
39
Tripathy, “Impact of family environment,”29-30.

7
 School is vital in the development of a person, especially the young people. It
influences their academic, social and personal growth. The impacts of school can
be both positive and negative depending on the teaching quality, peer interactions,
curriculum, and overall school environment.40
6.2.1. Positive impacts – education and knowledge, helps develop social skills,
exposes youth to diverse cultures, backgrounds and perspectives, school
helps youth to be discipline and helps in time management, well designed
educational curriculum encourage critical thinking skills, school also
provides the youth with opportunities to participate in sports, arts, clubs
and other extracurricular activities that enhances their skills, interests and
personal development.41
6.2.2. Negative impacts – Academic pressure, bullying and peer pressure,
excessive focus on grades led to fixation on performance rather than
genuine learning, overload of homeworks, assignments and projects
becomes stressful and impact youth health.42
6.3. Neighbourhood
The neighbourhood in which children grow up can have a significant impact on
their development and wellbeing. A safe or positive neighbourhood environment
can provide valuable resources, opportunities and social interactions that
contribute to a child’s growth. On the other hand, a negative or unsafe
neighbourhood can pose challenges and hinder a child’s potential. 43
Neighbourhood settings that consistently provide negative messages about youth
abilities and a limited range of desirable life options are thought to lead youth to
make poor choices regarding the use of their time and resources.44
6.3.1. Positive impacts of safe neighbourhood – community support,
neighbourhood with good infrastructure provide access to resources
(libraries, parks, recreational facilities), neighborhood with well funded
school provides quality education, positive adult role models, cultural
diversity, safe environment.45
40
Noli Brazil, “The Effects of Social Context on Youth Outcomes: Studying Neighbourhoods and School
Simultaenously,” Journal of Universities and Teachers Vol. 118 (July 2016): 3.
41
Brazil, “The Effects of Social Context,” 3-4.
42
Brazil, “The Effects of Social Context,” 4.
43
Brazil, “The Effects of Social Context,” 6.
44
Tama Leventhal, “Children and Youth in Neighbourhood Contexts,” Current Directions in Psychological
Science, 12/1 (2003): 27-28.
45
Leventhal, “Children and Youth,” 28-31.

8
 6.3.2. Negative impacts of unsafe neighborhood – youth are exposed to crimes,
violence, risky behaviours, negative peer influences, limited opportunities,
lack of community engagement and supportive networks etc.46
7. Youth in Indian Context
Youth is the most powerful asset for any country and especially for India with a large
number of youth. According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects,
India has more than 65% of the population under 35 years of age. This makes India
one of the countries with the largest number of youth population in the world. While
most of the developed countries face the risk of an ageing workforce, India is expected
to have a very favourable demographic profile with youth forming its largest
population base.47
We should, nevertheless, keep in mind that this young population which provides
India its unique demographic advantage, while being one of the most valuable assets
of the country can become the most difficult asset to manage and their unique
advantage will be lost if adequate attention is not paid to making investments for the
development and nurturing of this asset and also understand, recognize and help
reduce the challenges the youth of India is facing today.48
Our Indian society is rich in culture and traditions, and so, today the Indian society
needs empowered youth in all aspects to sustain its culture, tradition, heritage,
economy, and also the overall development of the country.49

7.1. Problems faced by Indian Youth

7.1.1. Lack of direction: Most of the youth in India today lacks motivation or
sense of direction. They want freedom and independence but they are
clueless about how to use it for their growth and development. This lack of
sense of direction has led to lack of vision and critical thinking.50
7.1.2. Materialistic Orientation: The measure of success in today‘s world is
equated with money and material goods. The pressure from peers, family
and society to be successful tends to create confusion in the tender mind of
the youth. In the absence of proper guidance and proper direction, to fulfil

46
Leventhal, “Children and Youth,” 28-31.
47
Sawshilya, "Youth Empowerment” 887.
48
Sawshilya, "Youth Empowerment” 887.
49
Sawshilya, "Youth Empowerment” 888.
50
Sawshilya, "Youth Empowerment” 880-881.

9
 their aspirations to become successful financially they tend to be easily
influenced by wrong ways of doing things. Such actions create a tear in the
very basic fabric of our society and their individual life.51
7.1.3. Lack of family bonds: With the advent of industrialization and the
breakdown of the joint family system, ‘nuclear family’ 52 is the norm of the
day today especially in the urban areas. This has brought about a drastic
change in the manner in which children are brought up today. With the
rising cost of living and the desire for certain lifestyle, both men and
women step out to share the financial burden of the house. As a result the
children are often left behind at home at a time when they need guidance
the most.53
7.1.4. Drugs and Alcohol: Drugs and Alcohol are another major challenge faced
by the youth in India. Drugs are taken by most youth as a means to escape
the realities and problems of life. Youth of today need to understand that
life is not always positive and perfect. It has its challenges and we need to
face these challenges and not avoid them with drugs.54
7.1.5. Loneliness, depression and Suicide: Failure in relationships,
unemployment, poor performance in academics, peer pressure, the desire to
look attractive, unanswered questions around hormonal changes as they
grow up, all these factors and many more are contributing to increased
cases of loneliness, depression and suicidal attempts amongst the Indian
youth of today.55
7.1.6. Social Media addiction: Social Media Addiction is a behavioral addiction
that hinders one’s individual life and function due to an extreme level of
dependence on social media platforms. It could be characterized as one
wrapped up in the virtual world at the cost of engaging in daily life and
fulfilling social obligations.56 Many Indian youths are seen immersed in the
sea of this addiction.
8. Biblical Reflection on Youth
51
Sawshilya, "Youth Empowerment” 880-881.
52
Nuclear Family means a married couple and their children living in the same dwelling place with the
absences of relatives like grandparents, uncles, aunts etc.
53
Sawshilya, "Youth Empowerment” 880-881.
54
Sawshilya, "Youth Empowerment” 880-881.
55
Sawshilya, "Youth Empowerment” 880-881.
56
Yi Ji, et.al., “The Causes, Effects and Interventions of Social Media Addiction,” Journal of
Education, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 8 (2023), 897-903.

10
 Youth is a difficult and the most challenging stage of human life. At times Youth stage
can be a frustrating time. It is that stage when one is hardly old enough to be on his/her
own, and yet he/she is feeling a sense of independence. Youth are always attempting to
find some sense of identity; that is the reason many young people are confused with
what they have to do with their life.
The Scriptures represent youth as a time of danger and challenge. Moses said that “the
imagination of man’s heart is evil from his youth” (Gen. 8:21), and Paul admonished
Timothy to “flee youthful lusts” (2 Tim. 2:22).57 And we also see that God recognizes
the value of youth to the divine cause. Youngsters have energy, they are daring, and
their hearts are filled with visions of the future. Indeed, they can be a most valuable
component in the service of the Lord. That is why we see God using young people for
his purpose in the scriptures. The youthful stage is when a person must have a strong
relationship with the Creator because this will build the foundation of a godly life for
years to come. Solomon, who wasted much of his life in recklessness, perhaps realized
this in his declining days. He says: “Remember now your Creator in the days of your
youth, before the evil days come and the years draw near when you will say, I have no
pleasure in them” (Eccl. 12:1). Paul said to Timothy, “Let no man despise your youth;
but you be an example to them that believe, in word, in manner of life, in love, in
faith, in purity” (1 Tim. 4:12).58 It is striking to know that though youth can be quite
reckless and sometimes a bit silly, they are, nonetheless, a wonderful resource in the
kingdom of God. The fact is, the Bible is full with examples of how God has used
younger people in some of the most vital roles in the unfolding of his marvelous plan
of redemption.
Let’s reflect upon the life of Miriam and Timothy; striking examples that demonstrate
God’s confidence in youth.
a) Miriam: As the Hebrew people multiplied in the land of Egypt, they were
perceived as a threat to the stability of that nation. Hence the order was given that
Israelite male babies were to be thrown into the Nile. When Moses was born, his
parents hid him for three months; then, they placed him in a small vessel fashioned
from the papyrus plant, which they deposited by the river’s edge, committing their
precious baby to the care of Jehovah. In the meantime, Moses’ older sister, who is
estimated to be about ten or twelve at this time, was posted some distance away,
57
Wayne Jackson, "The value of youth to the cause of God," Christian Courier, https://christiancourier
.com/articles/the-value-of-youth-to-the-cause-of-god (27/08/23).
58
Jackson, "The value of youth to the cause of God."

11
 keeping watch. Finally Miriam obtained Jochebed, Moses’ own mother, as a nurse
for the child. The point is that the entire future of the Hebrew nation — the
instrument to be employed for the conveyance of the Savior — was entrusted to a
young girl.59
b) Timothy: There was no companion closer to the great apostle Paul than his young
friend Timothy. When the apostle wrote to the church in Philippi, the congregation
for whom he had the greatest affection, he pledged to send Timothy to assist them.
He paid the lad the highest compliment when he told the Philippian saints that “I
have no man like-minded, who will care truly for your state” (Phil. 2:20). From
time to time, during Paul’s missionary endeavors, Timothy was at his side. And
during those dark hours as God’s apostle awaited execution, he longed for the
friendship of Timothy. In his final epistle, Paul urged Timothy by saying: “Give
diligence to come to me shortly” (2 Tim. 4:9). It means that Timothy was needed
and was important for the ministry of God. It is believed that Timothy was just
eighteen to twenty years of age when he started working with Paul. 60
A reflection of these cases and others in the Bible clearly shows that youth,
properly trained, are capable of courageous faith and significant usefulness in the
divine purpose of God for redemption and building of a godly and just community.

Conclusion
Youth of today are the builders of tomorrow. Their struggles and challenges must not
be neglected. The impacts of various contexts and situations on youth can determine
the future of their life, family and the society as well. Therefore, it is the duty of the
parents, leaders and elders to look into the problems of the youth, to trust them,
understand them, help them, give them space, and provide them a purpose in life.

Bibliography
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Behera, M. C. and Basar, Jumyir. Eds. Globalisation and The Marginalised:
Issues and Concerns for Development. New Delhi: Commonwealth
Publishers PVT. LTD., 2010.

59
Jackson, "The value of youth to the cause of God."
60
Jackson, "The value of youth to the cause of God."

12
 Hayong, S. Tribal People and Globalization. New Delhi: Christian World
Imprints, 2018.
Kath, Phanenmo. Families in Crisis: Pastoral Care and Family Counselling Models.
Delhi: Christian World Imprints, 2021.
Mero, Adelo. “The Naga Home and Youth.” In Doing Youth Ministry in a Naga
Context. Edited by Soren Oestergaard and Adelo Mero. Dimapur: Project
Nehemiah NBYE, 2002.
Rao, Shankar. Sociology: Principles of Sociology with An Introduction of Social
Thought, First ed. New Delhi: S. Chand and Company, 2009.
Journals and Articles
A., Golovchin M. and V., Leonidova G. "Socio-cultural characteristics of the
modern youth." Economic and social changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
5/35 (2014): 113-126.
Brazil, Noli. “The Effects of Social Context on Youth Outcomes: Studying
Neighbourhoods and School Simultaenously.” Journal of Universities
and Teachers Vol. 118 (July 2016): 1-30.
Bhardwaj, A. and Grounder, S. “Impact of Social Networking on Indian
Youth.” International Journal of Electronics and Information
Engineering 7/1 (2017): 41-51.
Dollahite, David C. and Marks, Loren D. "Positive Youth Religious and
Spiritual Development." Journal of Religions 1/1 (2019): 1-21.
Gongala, Sagari, “Influences of Media on Teenagers.” Journal of Psychology and
Counselling 1/1 (June 2023): 65-79.
Ji, Yi. et.al. “The Causes, Effects and Interventions of Social Media Addiction.”
Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 8 (2023):
897-903.
Kurebwa, J. “The Effects of Globalization on Youth Culture and Identity,” Journal
of Liberal Arts and Humanities 1/4 (April 2020): 111-120.

Leventhal, Tama. “Children and Youth in Neighbourhood Contexts.” Current

Directions in Psychological Science, 12/1 (2003): 27-31.
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