VALUES

Module in
Values in Education
JOSIE T. SALMON, MMEM
Compiler
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND EDUCATION

_________________________________________
Name of Student
________________________________
Course
COURSE and Year
OUTLINE
________________________________ 1
Course Facilitator
Course Name Values Education
Course Credit 3 Units
Pre-Requisite
Contact Hours/Week 3 Hours
WEEK TOPICS
 Concept of Virtues and Values
Week 1-2 -Virtue Definition
-Value Definition
-What are Personal Values
-Four Categories of Personal Value System
-Characteristic of Values
-Personal Development Goals
-Personal Development Goals at Work
-Stress Relieving Techniques
 Self-Testing Activity 1
 Personality and Character
Week 3-4 -Definition of Terms
Character
Individuality
Personality
 The Differences between Personality and Character
 Factors of Character Traits Attributes
 Ten character Traits Worth Developing
 Charcater Qualities
 Character Building
 Self – Testing Activity 2
 Ethics
Week 5  Three (3) Major Areas of Ethics
 A Model Of Ethical Behavior
 Self – Testing Activity 3

 Work Ethics
Week 6 - What the Bible says about Work Ethics
- Ethical Issues in the Workplace
 The Work Values of Filipino Workers
- Attributes of Filipinos
 Self – Testing Activity 4
 The Work Place
Week 7-8 - Respect in the Workplace
- Confidentiality in the Work Place
- How to Maintain Confodentiality in the Workplace
- Morale in the Workplace
- How to be Happy at Work
 Self – Testing Activity 5
 Filipino Values System
Week 9  Self – Testing Activity6

 Elements and Composition of Filipino Values

Week 10-13  Enumeration of Filipino Values
 Self – Testing Activity7
 Code of Conduct for Professionals
Week 14-15  Self – Testing Activity 8
 Project Proposal
 Social Issues in Philippines Information Technology Set-up
Week 16-18  Self – Testing Activity 9

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 RULES AND REGULATION OF ONLINE CLASSES

For us to employ order in the virtual classroom, the following Online Rules and
Regulations should be strictly observed by everybody in the class.

1. Be on time. Log in to teleconferencing app 10 minutes before the virtual class will
start. Because of this, the class may start on time and avoid wasting time while
waiting for others.

2. The module is the support system of the online class. Please prepare your
module and pen for note-taking whenever you are attending virtual classes.

3. Be attentive and participative. Be part of the class interaction. Your participation

is highly appreciated to make this class effective and worthwhile.

4. Sit properly and focused on class discussion by the teacher.

5. Show respect to your teacher and classmates in the virtual classroom. Mute your
microphone to avoid disturbance to others. Unmute your microphone when you
are called to participate or told to do so.

6. No eating, talking and other activities when you attend virtual classes.
Remember this is a formal online platform for everybody.

7. Wear decent clothes. Since this is a class, wearing of sando, sleeveless shirts,
lewd attires and the like are not encouraged. You may wear school shirts such as
PE shirts and Department uniforms. You may also be in school uniform if you
wish to look pleasing.

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 CHAPTER 1
WEEK 1 LESSONS
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the topic, the learner must:
1. Define the Virtue, Value and Personal Values
2. Define and identify the Critical Periods of Values Development
3. Discuss the Value System and the Four Categories of Personal Value System
4. Explain what is characteristics of Values

CONCEPT OF VIRTUES AND VALUES

Let no one miss the true meaning of virtues and vaues which was taken from
different sources, most precious of them all is the Bible. Learn to meditate and be
sensitive to what is written there.
Let us look first at the meaning of Virtue ( Latin virtus). It is habitual, well-established
readiness or disposition of act.

VIRTUE- is moral excellence of man or woman. As applied to humans, a virtue is a

good character trait.

If a person finds joy in helping other people even in his/her difficult situations, this is
charity, a kind of virtue of selfess behavior. How about loving people who is not even
lovable? Love here is considered the highest virtue.

VALUE- is an entity situation or condition that yo consistently strive to acquire or

keep. It is an important and enduring beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a
culture about what is good or desirable and what is not. Values exert major
influences on the behavior of an individual and serve as broad guidelines in all
situations. Values are the good habits that are contagious.

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Somebody may give his impression on what values you have when you make
decisions about right and wrong. Or what you value one over another.

What are Personal Values?

These are the beliefs, values and philosophies that we hold about life, its purpose
and our own purpose. As we grow up, we take on board the personal values of
others around us until we reach the teen years and strat to accept or reject such
values as being a part of who we are, or not a part of our own selves. It is easy,
however, to pass by the active recognition and sorting of personal values, and to just
accept those values that were ingrained in us by parents, teachers, society, etc. We
can do this because the fit is comfortable and easy. Defining your own personal
values does require taking a deep look at ourselves and facing our assumptions, but
it is well worth the effort when you seek guidance for the remainders of your life.

Examples of Personal Values Are:

Loyalty Success Cheerfulness

Respect Calmness Sharing

Harmony Reliable Self-disciplined

Happiness Competence Faithful

Meaningfulness Problem-solver Joy

Helpfulness Good Listener Having Family

Friendship Honesty Dependability

Wealth Responsiveness Generous

VALUE SYSTEM
An individual value system is defined by Rokeach as an “ enduring organization of beliefs
concerning preferable modes of conduct or end-states of existence along a
continuum of relative importance.”
Different value systems go along way toward explaining individual difference in behavior.

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PERSONAL VALUE SYSTEM
A personal value system is a set o fprinciples or ideals that drive and/or guide your
behavior.
Your personal value system gives you structure and purpose by helping you
determine what is meaning and important to you.
It helps youexpress who you are and what you stand for:
If you ae unaware of, or become disconnected with your values you end up making
choices out of impulse or instant gratification rather than on solid reasoning and
responsible decision-making.
Your values define your character.
They impact every aspect of your life including personal and work behaviors your
interactions with family, friends and co-workers, your decision-making processes
and the direction you take in life.This is why it is so important to know what you
value and what is important to you.

FOUR CATEGORIES OF PERSONAL VALUE SYSTEM

1. Personal Values- Personal values are those traits we see as worth aspiring
to, and that define our character.
2. Spiritual Values- The values that connect us to a higher power and give us a
sense of purpose beyond our materials existence.
3. Family Values- To love and care for those who are close to us,our children
our parents, other family members and our friends.
4. Career Values- The best use and expression of our talents and skills for the
purposes of contributing to society for monetary compensation.
Which Values Do We Find Desirable?
No matter what tradition we are brought up in, there are characteristics we value in others
which transcend social, economic and religious boundaries.

Some of these characteristics are:

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Integrity- is trustworthiness, honesty and uprightness of character. We value people of
integrity because we know they will act honorably and that they will do what they think is
right. We know they is right. We want people with integrity as our friends in our teams and in
our organizations. We rate public servants first on their honesty, then their work
performance.

Respect- is honoring the worth and dignity of all people. Those who respect others treat
them with fairness and courtesy. They treat others the way they themselves wish to be
treated. Your subordinates, your peers and your boss will give their respect to you without
asking them to do it for you. This respect is given to people who is respectful to others too.
Mutual Respect- it is clear we all have our strentgths as well as weaknesses. Mutual
respect means having respect in our minds for everyone. Even if you are up against a
person, wherein it is your honor against theirs, it is important to have mutual respect. It is
this respect that makes us human.

Loyalty- is a commitment and faithfulness to a person or cause. Those who are loyal to
times and bad times. They can be counted on because they know you very well as a
person. Can you expect loyalty tthose who accept responsibility are reliable, dependable
and to someone who do not know you well. Same thing with thw workers who give their
loyalty to the company because they fully know the company their working with. Loyalty is
an emotion that restricts us from ever betraying that person or thing. As such, what our
society clearly needs today is loyalty.

Responsibility- Those who accept responsibility are reliable, dependable and willing to
take accountability for who they are and what they do. They believe they have moral
obligation to help others and to make a contribution to the society they live in. Nomatter
what values we choose to live by, it is vital that we look at the big picture, assess what we
want our role to be and map out how we intend to conduct our lives.

Empathy- The most important values in life and in society resolve around empathy. We
need tobe able to accept others= for what they are, not what they can do for us. We need to
stop concentrating on how we can reduce competition and fous on how we can grow
together.

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Love-Conquers all, as the saying goes. With love in our hearts, we feel no need to harm
another. We raise others, rather than pull them down. We will focus on the similarities of
opinions rather than the differences of color, religion or sexual orientation. We will give
punishment, but not kill. E will ask, but not steal. With love, we will be people and not
monsters! Yes, if we want our society to be good to us, we need to be good toit, as well.
After all, you give love to get love right?

Honesty- Accept yourself for what you are, and let everyone know that as well. This
honesty will help you make yourself better, simply because you had the ability to admit your
flaws and work towards improving yourself. It is this hosnesty, that will make others help you
out, not because you need it But because they have flaws which you canhelp out with.

Exodus 20:16
“ You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor” Sometimes when we do not
like a person, not knowingly (are you in your right senses)we tend to accuse that person of
things we perceived he may be doing wrongly, yet we haven’t seen it at all if all these
accusations are true or correct.

Proverbs 16:28
“ A dishonest man spreads strife, and a whisperer separates close friends”

SELF-ACTIVITY NO. 1
1. What is your Reflection in bible says in EXODUS 20:16 and Proverbs 16:18

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2. How would you Describe Yourself?

3. What is my Aim in Life?

4. Do I fear rejection? Would I bend the Rules to achieve my Goal?

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5. Do I get very depressed if I don’t succeed in my endeavors?

6. Do my Palms sweat when I have to approach a stranger?

7. Am I an extrovert or an introvert?

8. How do I want to be remembered by People?

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Personal Development Goals Examples
Looking for examples for personal development goals? Here you will discover
several examples of personal development goals at work and at home. You should
set some goals for yourself as without goals, you won’t be able to live fulfilling lives.

Values
Values are individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or another. They serve
as a guide for human behavior. Generally, people are predisposed to adopt the values that
they raised with. Values usually contradict with feelings. The following are the types of
values:

1. Personal Values - the characteristics and behaviors that motivates us and guides
our decisions
Influence – family, friends and/or someone y
2. Moral Values – helps us to distinguish between what is right and wrong, good or bad
for you as well as society
Integrity, Determination, loyalty, truthfulness, honesty, giving respect to each other

3. Aesthetic Values - An object, event or state of affairs (artwork or the natural

environment) that possesses either positive or negative pleasure when appreciated.
Attitude
Attitude is the reflection of a person’s behavior. A settled way of thinking or feeling
about someone or something, typically one that is reflected in a person’s behavior.

Types of Attitude:
1. Positive Attitude - Being optimistic about situation, interactions and yourself
Examples are Happy, Confident, Sincere, and Determined
2. Negative Attitude - A disposition, feeling, or manner that is not optimistic. It can
AFFECT anyone, anywhere
Examples are Anxiety, Anger, Doubt, and Frustration
3. Neutral Attitude - Don’t give enough importance to situations or events.
Examples are Feeling Disconnected, and Complacence

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Behavior
The way in which one acts or conduct’s oneself especially towards others. These
behaviors or mannerisms are made by individuals, organizations, systems or artificial
entities in conjunction with themselves or their environment, which includes the other
systems or organisms around as well as the physical environment.

-ATTITUDE + KNOWLEDGE = BEHAVIOR

Types of Behavior:
1. Passive – Aggressive Behavior – Indirectly Aggressive, You are mad at someone but
you didn’t let them know
2. Appropriate Behavior - Suitable or acceptable for a particular situation,
Accomplishing desires or goals without trespassing the rights of others
3. Inappropriate Behavior - Behaving at a wrong place at a wrong time. Examples are
Exhibitionist, Threatening others, Violating rules
4. Deficit Behavior – Behavioral excess that occur too much often.
5. Maladaptive Behavior - Those that stop you from adapting to new or difficult
circumstances. Examples are Shyness, Illness, Traumatic events and/or anxiety

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Name:_______________________________________________Date:_______________

Year/Section:_________________________________________Score:_______________

ASSESSMENT NO. 1

MATCHING TYPE: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer before the number.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. Shyness A. Neutral Attitude

2. Complacence B. Personal Values
3. Happy C. System
4. Deficit D. Behavioral excess that occur too much often.
5. Positive E. Behavior
6. Aesthetic F. Positive Attitude
7. Frustration G. Optimistic
8. Attitude + Knowledge =? H. Exhibitionist
9. Inappropriate I. Maladaptive
10. Influence J. Artwork
11. Imprint K. Copying others
12. Socialization L. Media is the one of the great influencer
13. Modeling M. we are like sponges
14. Morris Massey N. Imprint
15. Ages 13-21 O. Negative Attitude
16. Ages 8-13 P. Socialization
17. Ages 7 Q. Modeling
18. Anxiety R. Learn a sense of right and wrong
19. Socialization T. Formulate the Critical Period of Values Devt.
20. Imprint U.naturally turn to people who seem more like us.

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 CHAPTER 2
WEEK 2 LESSONS
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the topic, the learner must:
1. Define and identify Categories of Values.
2. Define and identify Types of Values
3. Identify the Sources of Values

What is Values?

Values defined in Organizational Behavior as the collective conceptions of what is

considered good, desirable, and proper or bad, undesirable, and improper in a culture.
Some common business values are fairness, innovations and community involvement.
According to M. Haralambos, “A value is a belief that something is good and desirable”.
According to R.K. Mukherjee, “Values are socially approved desires and goals that are
internalized through the process of conditioning, learning or socialization and that become
subjective preferences, standards, and aspirations”. According to Zaleznik and David,
“Values are the ideas in the mind of men compared to norms in that they specify how people
should behave. Values also attach degrees of goodness to activities and relationships”.
According to I. J. Lehner and N.J. Kube, “Values are an integral part of the personal
philosophy of life by which we generally mean the system of values by which we live. The
philosophy of life includes our aims, ideals, and manner of thinking and the principles by
which we guide our behavior”. According to T. W. Hippie, “Values are conscious or
unconscious motivators and justifiers of the actions and judgment”. A value is a shared idea
about how something is ranked in terms of desirability, worth or goodness. Sometimes, it
has been interpreted to mean “such standards by means of which the ends of action are
selected. Familiar examples of values are wealth, loyalty, independence, equality, justice,
fraternity and friendliness.

Characteristics of Value

Values may be specific, such as honoring one’s parents or owning a home or they
may be more general, such as health, love, and democracy. ‘Truth prevails”, “love thy
neighbor as yourself, “learning is good as ends itself are a few examples of general values.
Individual achievement, personal happiness, and materialism are major values of modem
industrial society. It is defined as a concept of the desirable, an internalized creation or
standard of evaluation a person possesses. Such concepts and standards are relatively few
and determine or guide an individual’s evaluations of the many objects encountered in
everyday life.

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The characteristics of values are:

 These are extremely practical, and valuation requires not just techniques but also an
understanding of the strategic context.
 These can provide standards of competence and morality.
 These can go beyond specific situations or persons.
 Personal values can be influenced by culture, tradition, and a combination of internal
and external factors.
 These are relatively permanent.
 These are more central to the core of a person.

Most of our core values are learned early in life from family, friends, neighborhood
school, the mass print, visual media and other sources within the society. Values are loaded
with effective thoughts about ideas, objects, behavior, etc. They contain a judgmental
element in that they carry an individual’s ideas as to what is right, good, or desirable. Values
can differ from culture to culture and even person to person. Values play a significant role in
the integration and fulfillment of man’s basic impulses and desire stably and consistently
appropriate for his living. They are generic experiences in social action made up of both
individual and social responses and attitudes. They influence people’s behavior and serve
as criteria for evaluating the actions of others. They have a great role to play in the conduct
of social life. They help in creating norms to guide day-to-day behavior. The values of a
culture may change, but most remain stable during one person’s lifetime. Socially shared,
intensely felt values are a fundamental part of our lives. These values become part of our
personalities. They are shared and reinforced by those with whom we interact.

Types of Values

The values that are important to people tend to affect the types of decisions they
make, how they perceive their environment, and their actual behaviors.

There are two types of values:

 Terminal Values – the goals in life that are desirable states of existence.
 Instrumental Values – a fundamental distinction between valuing something as a
means to an end and valuing something as a means to an end in itself.

Importance of Values

Values are the enduring beliefs that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of
existence is personally or socially preferable. These are more difficult to change or alter. As
ethical conduct receives more visibility in the workplace, the importance of values is
increased as a topic of discussion in management. Our values are the basis of our
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judgments about what is desirable, beautiful, proper, correct, important, worthwhile and
good as well as what is undesirable, ugly, incorrect, improper and bad. Pioneer sociologist
Durkheim emphasized the importance of values (though he used the term ‘morals’) in
controlling disruptive individual passions. Individuals enter an organization with preconceived
notions of what “ought” or what “ought not” to be.

Sources of Values

Sources of value are a comprehensive guide to financial decision-making suitable for

beginners as well as experienced practitioners. It treats financial decision-making as both an
art and a science and proposes a comprehensive approach through which companies can
maximize their value.

Sources of values are;

 Family: Family is a great source of values. A child leans his first value from his
family..
 Community or society: As a part of society, a person leans values from society or
different groups of society.
 School: As a learner, school and teachers also play a very important role in
introducing values.
 Media: Media such as – Print media, Electronic media also play the role of increasing
values in the mind of people.

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Name: _______________________________________________ Date:_______________

Year/Section:_________________________________________ Score: ______________

ASSESSMENT No. 2

COMPLETION: Complete the table below. Write your answer on the space provided.

Sources of Values How does these sources affect your values?

Family

Community

School

Friends

Media

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. Read and analyze each item. Write TRUE if the statement is
correct. If the statement is wrong, change the underline word or words to make the
statement correct.
1. According to M. Haralambos, “A value is a belief that something is bad and
desirable”.
2. Values are not general principles to regulate our day-to-day behavior.
3. Values may be specific, such as despising one’s parents or owning a home or they
may be more general, such as health, love, and democracy.

4. There are limited sources from which we can acquire different values.
5. The values of a culture may not change, but most remain stable during one person’s
lifetime

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 CHAPTER 3

WEEK LESSON 3
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the topic, the learner must:
1. Define and identify Ethics.
2. Define and identify Three (3) Major Areas of Ethics

Ethics

Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing,

defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. Ethics seeks to
resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right
and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime. As a field of intellectual inquiry,
moral philosophy also is related to the fields of moral psychology, descriptive ethics,
and value theory. Ethics is based on well-founded standards of right and wrong that
prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to
society, fairness, or specific virtues. Some years ago, sociologist Raymond Baumhart asked
business people, "What do ethics mean to you?" Among their replies were the following:
"Ethics has to do with what my feelings tell me is right or wrong."
"Ethics has to do with my religious beliefs."
"Being ethical is doing what the law requires."
"Ethics consists of the standards of behavior our society accepts."
"I don't know what the word means."
These replies might be typical of our own. The meaning of "ethics" is hard to pin down, and
the views many people have about ethics are shaky.
Like Baumhart's first respondent, many people tend to equate ethics with their feelings. But
being ethical is clearly not a matter of following one's feelings. A person following his or her
feelings may recoil from doing what is right. In fact, feelings frequently deviate from what is
ethical. Nor should one identify ethics with religion. Most religions, of course, advocate high ethical
standards. Yet if ethics were confined to religion, then ethics would apply only to religious people.
But ethics applies as much to the behavior of the atheist as to that of the devout religious person.
Religion can set high ethical standards and can provide intense motivations for ethical behavior.
Ethics, however, cannot be confined to religion nor is it the same as religion.
Being ethical is also not the same as following the law. The law often incorporates
ethical standards to which most citizens subscribe. But laws, like feelings, can deviate from
what is ethical. Finally, being ethical is not the same as doing "whatever society accepts." In
any society, most people accept standards that are, in fact, ethical. But standards of
behavior in society can deviate from what is ethical. An entire society can become ethically
corrupt. Nazi Germany is a good example of a morally corrupt society. Moreover, if being
ethical were doing "whatever society accepts," then to find out what is ethical, one would
have to find out what society accepts. To decide what I should think about abortion, for
example, I would have to take a survey of American society and then conform my beliefs to
whatever society accepts. But no one ever tries to decide an ethical issue by doing a survey.
Further, the lack of social consensus on many issues makes it impossible to equate ethics
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with whatever society accepts. Some people accept abortion but many others do not. If
being ethical were doing whatever society accepts, one would have to find an agreement on
issues which does not, in fact, exist.

Three (3) Major Areas of Ethics

 Normative ethics, concerning the practical means of determining a moral course of

action
 Meta-ethics, concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions,
and how their truth values (if any) can be determined
 Applied ethics, concerning what a person is obligated (or permitted) to do in a
specific situation or a particular domain of action.

Normative Ethics

Normative ethics is the study of what makes actions right or wrong, what makes
situations or events good or bad and what makes people virtuous or vicious; by referring to
various ethical theories to provide action-guides for practitioners. Basically, it seeks to tell us
how we can find out what things have what moral properties, to provide a framework for
ethics. For any act, normative ethics emphasizes on three elements: The agent (the person
who perform the act), the act itself and the consequences of the act. Then these aspects are
being evaluated exclusively and distinctively through the normative ethics theories such as
moral virtue ethics, deontology and teleology; each emphasizing on one of these elements.

Meta-Ethics

It consists in the attempt to answer the fundamental philosophical questions about the
nature of ethical theory itself. To simply put, it concerned with questions about what whether
or not morality exists, and what it consists of if it does. According to Garner and Rosen, it
worried about question such as:

1. What is the meaning of moral terms or judgments? (What does the values such as
good, bad, right or wrong mean?)

2. What is the nature of moral judgments? (Are these judgments universal or relative, or
is it one kind or many kinds?)

3. How may moral judgments be supported or defended? (How can we know

something is morally right or wrong such as, is it from the Bible? Is it from a famous
educator?
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Garner and Rosen also said that answers to these questions “are not unrelated, and
sometimes an answer to one will strongly suggest, or perhaps even entail, an answer to
another.”

Applied ethics

Applied ethics consists in the attempt to answer difficult moral questions actual
people face in their lives. It is the branch of ethics which consists of the analysis of specific,
controversial moral issues such as abortion, animal rights, or euthanasia. Applied ethics is
the actual application of ethical theory for the purpose of choosing an ethical action in a
given issue, usually divided into various field. In order to determine an applied ethics issue,
there are 2 criteria; firstly, this issue needs to be controversial in the matter that there will be
specific groups of individuals, both support and against that particular issue. Next, this issue
must be a distinctly moral issue, which in contrast, concern more universally mandatory
practices, such as our moral values to avoid lying, murdering and not only restrained to
individual societies. In simple terms, an applied ethics issue is more than a mere social
issues, it must be morally relevant.

The difference between the 3 branches of ethics

An unemployed man steals a can of milk powder from a convenient store, so that he could
feed his 6 month old baby as he could not afford to purchase it. In this case, his act of stealing is
deemed wrong as meta-ethics tell us that the act of stealing is morally wrong. However, if he does
not steal the milk powder for his baby, the children might starve and die; despite his morally wrong
act, normative ethics theory suggest us that his motive of saving a live is ethically correct despite the
act of stealing. Then, applied ethics suggest that he is not doing this for personal benefit but with
the principle of benevolence (helping those in need). Overall, although the man is morally wrong
due to his act of stealing, the motive and principle involved suggested that he is still ethically
correct.
The main difference is that meta-ethics provide us the knowledge of what is right and what is wrong.
While, normative ethics provide us the theories to determine is this particular case right or wrong by
analyzing the motive, act and consequences. Then, applied ethics provide us the principles which are
usually poles apart and allow us to debate and conclude on morally rightness.

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Name:___________________________________________________Date:____________

Year/Section: ____________________________________________Score: ____________

ASSESSMENT NO. 3

ESSAY:Explain the following terms in your own understanding.

1. Normative Ethics

2. Meta-Ethics

3. Applied Ethics

4. What do Ethics mean to you?

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 CHAPTER 4-5
WEEK 4-5 LESSONS
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the topic, the learner must:
1. Discuss Personal Values and Value System
2. Discuss and Identify the Four Categories of Personal value System
3. Explaining Characteristics of Values
4. Define and identify the three philosophical theories of ethics
5. Discuss some dilemmas pertaining these Philosophical Theories

Personal Development Goals Examples

Some of the things that we all want for ourselves include: enhancing the quality of our lives,
achieving more, becoming better people, and trying to be a better version of ourselves. That's why
we set personal development goals in our lives.

What are personal development goals?

Personal development goals are objectives you set to improve your character, skills
and capabilities. Setting these goals involves assessing yourself and identifying the areas in
which you can improve to maximize your potential. To get started with personal
development, you should create a plan with actionable steps. These steps will help you
measure your improvement and keep you focused on your target.

Benefits of personal development goals for work

Personal development goals are important because they can lead to career
advancement. Here are a few benefits of setting personal development goals for your
career:

Clear sense of direction

When you have clearly articulated goals, you can complete tasks with a strong sense
of direction and a better focus. You will have a list of priorities that inform when to approach
each task, how much time to dedicate to them and how often to delegate. Personal
development goals help you eliminate distractions because you understand the importance
of what you have to do.

Improved work ethic

Setting goals for yourself ensures that you approach tasks with dedication. Your vision of
achieving those goals should be a solid motivation that fuels you on each assignment you attempt.

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Better workplace relationships
A commitment to personal development can often help you maintain positive
relationships with your co-workers. As you improve yourself, the value of good relationships
can become clear and you may become a role model for other employees.

Increased productivity
Ultimately, personal development will increase your output in the workplace. Expect
greater efficiency, increased productivity and improved results as you meet each of your
goals.

How to set personal development goals for work

Use these steps to begin creating and achieving personal development goals for your
career:

1. Create a vision.
2. Develop a plan.
3. Track your progress.
4. Review your plan regularly.

1. Create a vision

First, assess your performance and your desires to identify what your personal
development goals are. Use these goals or areas of improvement to create a clear vision of
what you want to be or where you want to be—and when—in the future. This vision, like
your goals, should be specific, measurable, actionable, realistic and time-bound. Consider
your motivations for this vision and note them carefully.

2. Develop a plan
The next step is to create a plan to achieve your vision. Identify the areas you need to
act on to accomplish your target and begin to articulate objectives to improve in all of them.
Divide each goal into small, manageable steps.
Remember that personal development is a learning process. Take the time to discover your
learning style before moving forward to enable the most effective improvement technique for
each goal.

3. Track your progress

Record your development as you work on your goals. Note the changes you make and
the effects they have on your career. As you do this, you will notice the best practices and
reach your goals faster.

23
 Employ software tools or a notebook planner to document your progress regularly.
You can also choose to implement this using a vision board—a visual tool that presents your
goal as a central idea and surrounds it with the smaller goals you need to achieve to realize
your vision. You can include images and photos of your plans and place the board in a spot
where you will see it daily.

1. Review your plan regularly

It is important to return to your plan periodically to determine if the path you are on is
worthwhile. Consider what you have learned so far and decide if your plan is still relevant.
Depending on your progress, you can adjust your timelines and create space to include new
personal development goals.

Examples of personal development goals for work

There are many goals you could set to begin a personal development plan. Consider
choosing one of these common personal development goals:
 Improve your time management.
 Develop emotional intelligence.
 Cultivate resilience.
 Listen actively.
 Develop a growth mindset.
 Develop a reading habit.
 Learn new things.
 Improve your public speaking skills.
 Meet new people.

Improve your time management

To make the best use of your time in the workplace, allocate a timeline to every task
and follow it diligently. Time management skills can increase your productivity and
efficiency.

Develop emotional intelligence

Emotional intelligence describes your control over your emotions
and your level of empathy. Developing this skill can make you a better
communicator with your colleagues. In addition, it can help you to resolve
workplace conflicts—a useful trait for leaders and managers.

Cultivate resilience
A resilient individual moves on from difficult situations quickly. Resilience can be a
great fit as a personal development goal because it keeps you moving forward regardless of
denials, rejections and pushback. With resilience, you will stay focused on your tasks until
you achieve them. Resilience is a major attribute of problem-solvers.
24
Listen actively
An active listener assimilates what they have heard and considers that information
carefully before providing a response or taking any action. Active listening is an essential
communication skill, so this is a helpful goal if you want to become a better communicator. It
can also help you build trust with your coworkers.

Develop a growth mindset

A growth mindset is a way of thinking that upholds hard work and dedication as the
keys to success and improvement. With it, you are resilient and see failures as learning
opportunities. When you challenge yourself this way, you can achieve results in the
workplace. Moreover, a growth mindset will improve the way you set goals for yourself,
tracking learnings as well as performance.

Develop a reading habit

Reading more is a great personal development goal because it has many benefits,
including that it is a means of education. There are books on all subjects, including areas
related to professional fields. Invest in them and create a reading schedule for yourself.
Furthermore, reading is a means of opening yourself to the experiences of others. This
gives you multiple perspectives on the world and informs the decisions you make.
Altogether, this improves your competence in the workplace.

Learn new things

Committing to learning new things is a key step in personal development. While
reading is one method, you can also perform research, sign up for courses or take
advantage of online learning, such as massive open online courses (MOOCs). Most of the
courses offered through these learning platforms offer a certificate that you can add to your
resume to showcase your new competencies.

Improve your public speaking skills

A good public speaker is clear, confident and engaging. Public speaking is important
to the workplace because you may have to address your team in a briefing, deliver a
presentation to the board or pitch to prospective clients. You can join an organization or take
a class to advance your public speaking skills.

Meet new people

Making new business contacts is a great way to build a network and expand the
opportunities available to you in your industry. Creating new relationships can also result in
opportunities for you to share your ideas with others and learn from them.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VALUES

What are Values?

 Qualities, Characteristic or ideas about which we feel very strongly.
 Value define what is of worth.
 Our values affect our decisions, goals and behavior.
 A belief that someone or something is worthwhile.
 Value help guide your actions and judgments.

Believe it or not our values even affect the purchases we make.

Where do you get Values?

 Home
 Society
 School
 Friends
 TV
 Internet
 You Tube
 My Space
 Church
 Music
 Books
 Families
 Culture
 Employers
 The Years you were raised

Your age will influence your values

 Ages 1-7 -- Parents

 Ages 8-13 – Teacher, heroes (sports, rock, TV)
 Ages 14-20 – Friends (choose good ones!)
 Ages 21= Your values are established, but you may test your values from time to time.

Can you believe?

 By the time you are seven years old you have already formed values from your parents.
 Values need to be taught from the very beginning.

Characteristics of Values

26
  Values are personal
 Our actions point to what we really value
 Our values give us our perception of the world
 Inconsistent behavior may indicate and absence of values
 Values change as experiences change

More Characteristics

 Respect others values

 When faced with adversity, our values determine our choices
 Our values give us identity
 Values are subject to change

Philosophical Theories of Ethics

a. Virtue Ethics

Virtue Ethics was formulated by Aristotle who said that we must cultivate virtues
because they are the qualities that will help the people to live well. His ethics is founded on
the premise that man strives for an ultimate goal-a Telos. He called this living well –
Eudamonia – generally translated as happiness, through when applied it refers more to
flourishing of the human being. The achievement of Eudamonia is the end goal of man and
man acts towards this goal. Aristotle would point out that moral philosophy should lead an
individual to grow. It is a virtuous person who will achieve this end. If one wants to be in the
state of eudemonia, one must be virtuous and partnered with wisdom. Wisdom is the ability
to see what is right and the ability to know when to apply it.

b. Deontology

Formulated by Immanuel Kant, The deontological theory asserts that it is possible for
an action to be considered as morally good even if it results in bad consequences. What
determines if the action is good or bad is the WILL.

c. Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism was first brought to the center by Jeremy Bentham, who applied his
empirical beliefs to moral and political theories. , there is recognition that the primary
motivation of human behavior is the desire for pleasure and the avoidance of pain. To define
happiness as a pleasure and to think that it is the end of man is Hedonism. However, in the
pursuit of pleasure, one should also think of other’s pleasure and not just one’s

27
Name: __________________________________________ Date: ______________

Year/Section: ____________________________________ Score: _____________

ASSESSMENT No. 4

Complete the sentences below.

1. For me, Happiness means
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. When I am happy, it is because ________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. I am Willed at something when _________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

4. I am pleased when
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

5. List down news/events that explains Utilitarianism

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

6. List down some examples of events in related to the following. Print in in a short
bond paper
a. Virtue Ethics
b. Deontology
c. Utilitarianism

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 CHAPTER 6-7

WEEK 6-7 LESSONS

DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the topic, the learner must:
1. Define and identify the Filipino Values, Customs and Traditions
2. Discuss some examples of Filipino Values, Customs and Traditions

Filipino Values, Customs and Traditions

Our culture is a big reflection of our great and complex history. It is influenced by
most of the people we have interacted with. A blend of the Malayo-Polynesian and Hispanic
culture with the influence from Chinese, Indians Arabs, and other Asian cultures really
contribute to the customs and traditions of the Filipinos. Filipino culture is unique compared
to other Asian countries, and beliefs apply every day in the life of the Filipinos and reveal
how rich and blessed the culture the people have.

Pagmamano

When children or young people greet or say goodbye to their elders they typically do
so by taking the right hand of the elder with their right hand and touch the back the elder's
hand lightly on their forehead. It is a way of giving respect to the elders and I believe that is
also a way of receiving blessing to the elders.
Mano is a Spanish word for “hand” while Po is used in the end of the sentence when
addressing elders or superiors.

Attitude

Filipinos are one of the most hospitable people you may find anywhere. Foreign
visitors in the country are treated with the utmost respect. This trait is usually seen during
fiestas and holidays where many Filipinos are giving their best to entertain their visitors well.
It is amazing to see that even the simplest home along the road opens their home to a
stranger. For Filipinos, to be able to serve others gives them honor of showing true
friendship. Filipino Hospitality is a trait you can't take away from them.
Having Close Family Ties is also one of their unique traits. It is one of the outstanding
cultural values that Filipinos have. The families take care of each other and are taught to be
loyal to family and elders by simply obeying their authorities. This is one of the unique
characteristics of Filipinos. Having fondness for family reunions during secular and religious
holidays such as Christmas, New Year’s eve, All Saints’ Day, Holy Week, Fiestas,
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homecomings, birthdays, weddings, graduations, baptisms, funerals etc. is evidence that
Filipino people valued not only our cultural tradition but the spirit of our family. As Filipinos,
we are blessed to have been brought up with strong family ties.

Bayanihan

It is the spirit of communal unity or effort to achieve a particular objective. A famous example
of this is the neighbors carrying a hut or house to a new location. People nowadays use it to
describe an outpouring of community spirit-as people give their all to the common good,
without expecting recognition or personal gain.

Courtship

We Filipinos are very romantic when it comes to heart affairs. Serenading or Harana
in Tagalog is one of the most popular forms of courtship to show that a man is very serious
with his intentions to a woman. A serenade would require the young man to sing a love song
in front of the young lady's house. Normally, he is accompanied by his male friends who act
as back-up singers. The man himself or his friend played the instrument, usually a guitar,
which provides the background music to his song. They would have to wait until the young
lady opened a window to listen. It would be up to her if she wanted to invite them in for some
refreshment and to chat after the song. Even if they had been asked to come in, the suitor
would not expect that he could have the chance of a private moment with his object of
affection. It was highly likely that the parents would also be there to entertain the man and
his friends.

Religion

The Philippines is one of two predominantly Roman Catholic nations in Asia-Pacific.

Their habit of going to church and often praying reflects that Filipinos have a deep faith and
belief when it comes to religion. They are very devoted to religions that sometimes many
take the risk of their lives just to touch the Black Nazarene. For many, it is just a choice
between their faith and fears. Filipinos believe that having a strong devotion may lead to a
better life and their guidance to face everyday life.

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Superstition

In the Philippines, superstitious beliefs have grown throughout the country. These
beliefs have come from the different sayings and beliefs of our ancestors that aim to prevent
danger from happening or to make a person refrain from doing something in particular.
These beliefs are part of our culture, for one derives their beliefs from the influences of what
their customs, traditions and culture have dictated to explain certain phenomena or to scare
people. Some are practiced primarily because Filipinos believe that there is nothing to lose if
they will comply with these beliefs.

Cuisine

The Philippines is considered the melting pot of Asia. The rich medley of Chinese,
Malay, Spanish, Mexican, American, and Indian cooking are noticed in Philippine cuisine.
Eating out is one of the favorite Filipino pasttimes. A typical Filipino diet consists at most of
six meals a day; breakfast, snacks, lunch, snacks, dinner, and again a midnight snack
before going to sleep. Rice is a staple in the Filipino diet, and is usually eaten together with
other dishes. Filipinos regularly use spoons together with forks and knives. Some also eat
with their hands, especially in informal settings, and when eating seafood.
Other popular dishes brought from Spanish and Southeast Asian influences include afritada,
asado, chorizo, empanadas, mani (roasted peanuts), paksiw (fishor pork, cooked in vinegar
and water with some spices like garlic and pepper), pan de sal (bread rolls), pescado frito
(fried or grilled fish), sisig, torta(omelette), kare-kare (ox-tail stew), kilawen, pinakbet
(vegetable stew), pinapaitan, and sinigang (tamarind soup with a variety of pork, fish, or
prawns). Some delicacies eaten by some Filipinos may seem unappetizing to the Western
palate include balut (boiled egg with a fertilized duckling inside), longganisa (sweet
sausage), and dinuguan (soup made from pork blood). Popular snacks and desserts such
as chicharon (deep fried pork or chicken skin), halo-halo (crushed ice with evaporated milk,
flan, and sliced tropical fruit),puto (white rice cakes), bibingka (rice cake with butter or
margarine and salted eggs), ensaymada (sweet roll with grated cheese on top), polvoron
(powder candy), and tsokolate (chocolate) are usually eaten outside the three main meals.
Popular Philippine beverages include San Miguel Beer, Tanduay, Rhum, and tuba.
Every province has its own specialty and tastes vary in each region. In Bicol, for example,
foods are generally spicier than elsewhere in the Philippines. Patis, suka, toyo, bagoong,
and banana catsup are the most common condiments found in Filipino homes and
restaurants

Marriage and Wedding Customs

Marriage is a sacred union of man and women after a period of courtship and
engagement. It is a sacrament between two people who love each other. For many Filipinos,
the eternal quality of dedication to God pervades a truly sacred marriage.

31
A sacred marriage is a covenant between two who love each other in God and with God,
whose joining becomes an expression of the desire of each to love and serve God together.

Death

Death in the Philippines is one of the most important occasions in family life. For
many Filipinos, a death of relatives is an opportunity to strengthen ties in the Family. To pay
respect and honor the relationship to the deceased, long lost relatives, friends, and even
relatives working abroad are reunited. The Philippines is the home of some unique death
rituals that are partly religious and mostly superstitious. The mourning and the weeping are
still present, but a happy and welcoming atmosphere would usually envelop the place to
help the deceased on his journey to the afterlife. After the death of a person, a nine-day
period of having a novena of prayers and Masses offered up to the deceased is held,
although the beginning of the "Siyam na araw" varies, but usually ends the week after the
death. Another period follows after death, the 40-day mourning period. Family members
indicate their state of bereavement by wearing a small, black rectangular plastic pin on their
left breast or breast pocket area. A ceremonial mass is held at the end of this 40-day period.
Common belief states that the soul goes to Heaven after these 40 days, following the belief
that Jesus Christ ascended to Heaven after the said period of days.

Society

The primary ancestors of Filipinos are Malays who came from the southeastern
Asian country which is now called Indonesia. The Philippines is a combined society, both
singular and plural in form. It is singular as one nation, but plural in that it is fragmented
geographically and culturally. The nation is divided between Christians, Muslims, and other
religious-ethno-linguistic groups; between urban and rural people; between upland and
lowland people; and between the rich and the poor. Although different in numerous ways,
the Filipinos are very hospitable and give appropriate respect to everybody regardless of
race, culture and belief.

Christmas in the Philippines

Christmas in the Philippines is considered as one of the biggest holidays in the

archipelago. We earned the distinction of celebrating the world’s longest Christmas season
with Christmas carols heard as early as September and lasting until Epiphany, the feast of
the Black Nazarene on January 9 or the Feast of the Santo Niño de Cebú on the third
Sunday of January. For many Filipinos, the true essence of Christmas for is not gift giving
but sharing this special holy day with family.

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Fiestas

Every town and city in the Philippines have a fiesta of its own; whatever time of the
year it is, there's sure to be a fiesta going on somewhere.
Fiestas in the Philippines are held to celebrate a patron saint. It is part and parcel of Filipino
culture through good times and bad times, it must go on. The biggest and most elaborate
festival of all is Christmas, a season celebrated with all the pomp and pageantry where the
whole country breaks out in celebrations that can begin long before December.
For individual Filipinos, fiestas can be a way of supplicating the heavens or to make amends
for past wrongs. It is a way to celebrate their blessings, commemorate their past and
observe solemn religious rituals. Celebrations may take the form of music, dancing, feasting,
beauty contests, balls, processions, sports challenges or a host of other events.
Spanish influence is evident in the elaborate masks, makeup, headdresses and costumes
worn by the revelers; outfits which often take months of preparation.

Living with Parents

Filipinos highly value the presence of family more than anything. Adult children living
with their parents are another Filipino traditional that make them exceptional. Unlike in the
United States where children leave the home after finishing high school or college, many
Filipinos continue living with parents until they get married.

Eating with a Fork and Spoon

One Filipinos identity is that they are eat using a fork and a spoon. The fork is place in the
left hand while the spoon is in the right hand. Fork is used to place or push the food into the
spoon which is held by the right hand. Since rice is the main staple of the Filipinos at almost
every meal, the fork and spoon method is ideal. It is believed that the use of a spoon and a
fork is perfect for the way Southeast Asians prepare and cook their food. Unlike the
Americans who like their meats and other food items in big slabs and humongous chunks,
Southeast Asians generally prepare their dishes in bite-sized pieces -- chopped, minced or
ground -- thus leaving no real need for a knife.

Eating with Hands (Kamayan)

In addition to the use of the fork and spoon, eating with your hands or kamayan is
another common Filipino tradition. For many Filipinos, kamayan gives full taste to the food
instead of using utensils. Gathera small portion of meat or fish and a bite-sized portion of
rice on your plate. Then use all your fingers to gather the food into a small mountain or

33
mound. Pick up the little mound and put it in your mouth using your thumb to gently push the
food in.
Filipinos usually eat rice that has a slightly sticky consistency so making the little mounds is
easier than if you were to use a jasmine or basmati rice. Of course, this method of eating
doesn't work with soup/stew or noodles and other kinds of food but for your basic plate of
rice, meat/fish and vegetables it works quite well! Next time you make dinner try eating
kamayan.

Balikbayan Boxes

Some Filipinos leave the Philippines to live and work abroad. A balikbayan box is a
box of items sent by the balikbayan to their family in the Philippines. The box can be sent or
it can be brought by the sender when they themselves return to the Philippines. Balikbayan
boxes come in all different sizes and dimensions from bulilit (small) to extra-large. It can be
filled with almost anything but it is usually filled with items that cannot be found in the
Philippines or items that may be too expensive for the average person to buy in the
Philippines. Common items found in balikbayan boxes include: clothes, shoes, chocolate,
nuts, vitamins, basketballs, coffee and tea, magazines, shampoo/conditioner, soap, body
lotion, etc.

Tabitabi Po

Being that we’re a very superstitious nation and that we believe in a number of
spiritual beings and mythical creatures, many of us were taught as kids to say “tabi po” or
“tabi-tabi po” when passing by a huge tree, an anthill or termite mound, or even a dark alley.
This is to ask permission to the spirits and mythical creatures that you’re passing by and so
they can avoid you. We grew up listening to stories of how people who don’t pay their
respects to the spirits are cursed and get sick, vomit or urinate black bile, spit out insects,
and experience swelling or pain on any part of the body.

Paninilbihan
Another traditional courtship practice, this is when the man “serves” the woman’s
family by doing manual labor (cutting wood for cooking, fetching water from the well). This is
to show that he is capable of taking care of her and their future family. Now, this is not that
applicable to modern times, but courtship back then involved “phases” or “stages” that the
man had to pass through before he could get married with his sweetheart. Courtship was
never easy, and you had to win not only the girl’s affection, but her family’s as well.

34
Pukpok

Getting circumcised has always been seen as a Rite of passage for male Filipinos.
traditional circumcision or “pukpok” involved using a subokan, which is a piece of wood used
for circumcision. The method of pukpok does not use anesthesia, nor does the person
performing the task have any medical training. Boys that undergo this method are given
guava leaves to chew on which help them bear the pain. After, they’re their wounds are
simply wrapped in white cloth for healing. Since the practice is unhygienic, medical
professionals discourage the practice. However, pukpuk is still being done in very rural
areas in the country.

Chicken Blood On Your Birthday

This is a tradition that was more commonly done in the province. During someone’s
birthday, the whole household is usually busy preparing a big meal to celebrate. As tradition
goes, the birthday celebrant will be anointed with fresh chicken blood by an elder on their
forehead. This is a way of blessing the person, as well as ward off any bad luck. This is
similar to the idea of a sacrifice for prosperity, and the chicken is usually served along with
the birthday meal.

Sukob
This is a traditional belief in weddings. Sukob is a belief that it’s unlucky to be
married during the same year of another family member’s marriage or if someone in the
family dies within that year. You’re better off rescheduling your wedding or bad luck will
follow your marriage. These days, brides and grooms are not really that concern about this
belief, some families even consider it lucky to have two weddings in the same year.

Harana
As the song goes, Uso pa ba ang harana? (Is harana still popular?). Harana is a
traditional form of courtship where in the man would sing and woo woman outside her
window at night. In the old days, there was a set of protocols, a code of conduct and a
specific style of music when performing harana. An acoustic guitar was used and Spanish-
influenced songs were sung. It’s not uncommon for the man to bring his friends along, or
even the best singer or haranista in town, to help.

Po and Opo
The words “po” and “opo” are examples of Filipino words that don’t have direct
English translations. These words are used when talking with the elderly, or with someone
of higher rank (student talking to a teacher, employee talking to employer, etc.) to express

35
respect. Opo, I believe, is actually a contraction of Oo po, Oo meaning “yes”, and po added
to express politeness. The tradition of using these words is still alive until today.

Extended Families
Filipinos are very tightly-knit with their families. So much so that it is acceptable (and
fairly common, might I add) for wedded couples to live with their parents, or even including
their grandparents, uncles and aunts, and great grandparents. I personally grew up in this
setting so you could take it from me. “Moving out” isn’t really and immediate action after
finishing high school (or college, because a lot of Filipinos finish college after High School).

36
Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: __________________

Year/Section: ______________________________________________ Score: _________________

ASSESSMENT No. 5
Identification: Read and analyze the questions carefully. Fill-in the blanks with the correct
answers.

1. __________ is the spirit of communal unity or effort to achieve a particular objective.

2. In addition to the use of the fork and spoon, eating with your hands or _________ is
another common Filipino tradition.
3. For individual Filipinos, ______ can be a way of supplicating the heavens or to make
amends for past wrongs.
4. A __________ box is a box of items sent by the OFWs to their family in the
Philippines.
5. One Filipinos identity is that they are eat using a _______ and a ______.
6. In the society, Filipinos are very _________ and give appropriate respect to
everybody regardless of race, culture and belief.
7. In the Philippines, __________ is a sacred union of man and women after a period of
courtship and engagement.
8. For many Filipinos, the true essence of Christmas for is not gift giving but sharing
this special holy day with _________.
9. _________ out is one of the favorite Filipino past times.
10. Filipinos highly value the presence of _________ more than anything.

COMPLETION: Complete the table below. Write your answer on the space
provided.

Filipino Values, What are practices that you see in these Filipino Values,
Customs and Customs and Traditions?
Traditions
Fiestas

Burial

Christmas

Marriage

Religion

37
 CHAPTER 8-9
WEEK 8-9 LESSONS
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the topic, the learner must:
1. Define and discuss Filipino Values System.
2. Define and discuss Elements and Composition of Filipino Vales

FILIPINO VALUE SYSTEMS

Filipino value system is defined by the way of people live their family as an influence of
one's culture. It refers to the set of values or the value system that a majority of the Filipino
have historically held important in their lives. the Philippine value system includes their own
unique collection of consistent ideologies, moral codes, ethical practices, etiquette, and
cultural and personal values that are encouraged by their society.

a. BAHALA NA

Trust in God or the concept of “Bahala na” is a principle used when a person does not
know what to accomplish or is too slothful to do anything at all. This belief to put fate in
God's hands may be a sign of how religious Filipinos may be. Further, it may show that the
Filipinos are free-spirited and that they put their life in fate's hand.

b. UTANG NA LOOB

Gratitude or utang na loob is very fashionable Filipino characteristic. One does not fail to
remember the fine actions that others may have done particularly at times of great need.
This debt of gratitude is at times abused by those who have done well to others. With this
system people are forced to do something in exchange for what others do in favor.

c. NINGAS COGON

Ningas is a noun which means flame, blaze or combustion, while cogon is a grass which
can be easily burned with its presentation. Ningas cogon means the fast burning of cogon,
which signifies Filipinos' way of eagerness only at the beginning but then quickly losing
enthusiasm soon afte to continue it, or the lack of follow-up.

d. PADRINO SYSTEM

Padrino system, or patronage in the Filipino culture and politics is the value system
where one gets support, endorsement, or political appointment through family affiliation
(nepotism) or friendship (cronyism), as against to one's worth. The Padrino system in the
Philippines has been the root cause of many controversies and corruption.

38
 e. AMOR PROPIO/SELF-RESPECT

Amor Propio is Spanish word which means self-love. It is a sense of self-esteem or self-
respect that stops a person from swallowing his pride. It includes sensitivity to personal
insult or offends. Using the padrino system can get a businessmen easily started if the
padrion would stand as go between for introducing and vouching his character in order to
get the business deal.

f. MAÑANA HABIT

The word mañana means tomorrow or specified future time. It is also known as
procrastination in plain English and mamaya na in Filipino.
It could also means putting something off until another time. This habit has made Filipinos
become lazier and less efficient in doing task.

g. DELICADEZA

Delicadeza is a Spanish term which means daintiness when translated in English. It is

defined as an act of being refined or delicate in tastes or manners.
It could also mean proper decorum or strict adherence to what's right, moral or ethical.
Perhaps it can be better understood by saying that those who don't have it meaning walang
delicadeza or makapal ang mukha or thick-faced.

h. HIYA

Shame or hiya is a very common Filipino value. It is a sense of social propriety and
conforming to societal norms of behavior. Filipino believe they must live up to the accepted
standards of behavior and if they fail to do so they bring dishonor not only upon themselves,
but also upon their family. If someone is publicly emabarassed, criticized, or does not live up
to expectations, they feel shame and lose and self-esteem.

i. PAKIKISAMA/PAKIKIPAGKAPWA-TAO

Loyalty or pakikisama is another Filipino value. This is shared sense of identity and
consciousness of the other person. It is treating others with the respect and dignity as an
equal and not someone below individual. Basically, in business it is a practical translation of
one's pakikipagkapwa-tao because the intention is to offer things and services of value to
others to get better their standards of living.

j. FAMILY ORIENTATION

The Philippines is known to be a family centered nation. The Filipinos recognize their
family as an important social structure that one must take care of. They give importance to
the safety and unity of one's family. The Filipino family is so intact that it is common for
members of the same family work for the same company. The family is always of vital
importance in the Philippines. Not surprisingly, most business organizations have the
Filipino family as their models.

39
Elements and composition of Filipino values

Based on studies, surveys, opinions, anecdotes, and other literatures made by

experts and researchers in relation to Filipino social values or Filipino core values, along
with the Filipino character or Filipino identity of a person or an individual known as the
Filipino, the Filipino value system are found to possess inherent key elements.
One can note
how Hiya (propriety/dignity), Pakikisama(companionship/esteem), and Utang na
loob(gratitude/solidarity), are merely Surface Values—readily seen and observed values
exhibited and esteemed by many Filipinos. These three values are considered branches
from a single origin—the actual Core Value of the Filipino Personality—Kapwa. It means
'togetherness', and refers to community, or not doing things alone. Kapwa has two
categories, Ibang Tao (other people) and Hindi Ibang Tao (not other people). The Surface
Values spin off of the Core Value through the Pivotal Aspect of Pakikiramdam, or shared
inner perception ("Feeling for another"). Other notable key elements or motivations
are optimism about the future, pessimism with regards to present situations and events, the
concern and care for other people, the existence of friendship and friendliness, the habit of
being hospitable, religious nature, respectfulness to self and others, respect for the female
members of society, the fear of God, and abhorrence of acts of cheating and thievery.
The values of Filipinos specifically upholds the following items: solidarity of the family
unit, security of the Philippine economy, orientation to small-groups, personalism, the
concepts of "loob" or "kalooban" (meaning "what’s inside the self", the "inner-self", or the
"actual personal feelings of the self"), existence and maintenance of smooth interpersonal
relationships, and the sensing of the feelings or needs of others (known as pakikiramdam).
In a larger picture, these values are grouped into general clusters or "macroclusters":
namely, the relationship cluster, the social cluster, the livelihood cluster, the inwardness
cluster, and the optimism cluster.
The great majority of the Philippine population is bound together by common values
and a common religion. Philippine society is characterized by many positive traits. Among
these are strong religious faith, respect for authority, and high regard for amor proprio (self-
esteem) and smooth interpersonal relationships. Philippine respect for authority is based on
the special honor paid to elder members of the family and, by extension, to anyone in a
position of power. This characteristic is generally conducive to the smooth running of
society, although, when taken to extreme, it can develop into an authoritarianism that
discourages independent judgment and individual responsibility and initiative. Filipinos are
sensitive to attacks on their own self-esteem and cultivate a sensitivity to the self-esteem of
others as well. Anything that might hurt another's self-esteem is to be avoided or else one
risks terminating the relationship. One who is insensitive to others is said to lack a sense of
shame and embarrassment, the principal sanction against improper behavior. This great
concern for self- esteem helps to maintain harmony in society and within one's particular
circle, but it also can give rise to clannishness and a willingness to sacrifice personal
integrity to remain in the good graces of the group. Strong personal faith enables Filipinos to
face great difficulties and unpredictable risks in the assurance that "God will take care of
things." But, if allowed to deteriorate into fatalism, even this admirable characteristic can
hinder initiative and stand in the way of progress.
Social organization generally follows a single pattern, although variations do occur,
reflecting the influence of local traditions. Among lowland Christian Filipinos, social
organization continues to be marked primarily by personal alliance systems, that is,

40
groupings composed of kin (real and ritual), grantors and recipients of favors, friends, and
partners in commercial exchanges.
Philippine personal alliance systems are anchored by kinship, beginning with the
nuclear family. A Filipino's loyalty goes first to the immediate family; identity is deeply
embedded in the web of kinship. It is normative that one owes support, loyalty, and trust to
one's close kin and, because kinship is structured bilaterally with affinal as well as
consanguineal relatives, one's kin can include quite a large number of people. Still, beyond
the nuclear family, Filipinos do not assume the same degree of support, loyalty, and trust
that they assume for immediate family members for whom loyalty is nothing less than a
social imperative. With respect to kin beyond this nuclear family, closeness in relationship
depends very much on physical proximity.
Bonds of ritual kinship, sealed on any of three ceremonial occasions--baptism,
confirmation, and marriage--intensify and extend personal alliances. This mutual kinship
system, known as compadrazgo, meaning godparenthood or sponsorship, dates back at
least to the introduction of Christianity and perhaps earlier. It is a primary method of
extending the group from which one can expect help in the way of favors, such as jobs,
loans, or just simple gifts on special occasions. But in asking a friend to become godparent
to a child, a Filipino is also asking that person to become a closer friend. Thus, it is common
to ask acquaintances who are of higher economic or social status than oneself to be
sponsors. Such ritual kinship cannot be depended on in moments of crisis to the same
extent as real kinship, but it still functions for small and regular acts of support such as gift
giving.
A dyadic bond--between two individuals--may be formed based on the concept
of utang na loob. Although it is expected that the debtor will attempt repayment, it is widely
recognized that the debt (as in one's obligation to a parent) can never be fully repaid and the
obligation can last for generations. Saving another's life, providing employment, or making it
possible for another to become educated are "gifts" that incur utang na loob. Moreover, such
gifts initiate a long-term reciprocal interdependency in which the grantor of the favor can
expect help from the debtor whenever the need arises and the debtor can, in turn, ask other
favors. Such reciprocal personal alliances have had obvious implications for the society in
general and the political system in particular. In 1990 educated Filipinos were less likely to
feel obligated to extend help (thereby not initiating an utang na loob relationship) than were
rural dwellers among whom traditional values remained strong. Some observers believed
that as Philippine society became more modernized and urban in orientation, utang na
loob would become less important in the political and social systems.
In the commercial context, suki relationships (market- exchange partnerships) may develop
between two people who agree to become regular customer and supplier. In the
marketplace, Filipinos will regularly buy from certain specific suppliers who will give them, in
return, reduced prices, good quality, and, often, credit. Suki relationships often apply in other
contexts as well. For example, regular patrons of restaurants and small neighborhood retail
shops and tailoring shops often receive special treatment in return for their
patronage. Suki does more than help develop economic exchange relationships. Because
trust is such a vital aspect, it creates a platform for personal relationships that can blossom
into genuine friendship between individuals.
Patron-client bonds also are very much a part of prescribed patterns of appropriate
behavior. These may be formed between tenant farmers and their landlords or between any
patron who provides resources and influence in return for the client's personal services and
general support. The reciprocal arrangement typically involves the patron giving a means of
earning a living or of help, protection, and influence and the client giving labor and personal
favors, ranging from household tasks to political support. These relationships often evolve

41
into ritual kinship ties, as the tenant or worker may ask the landlord to be a child's
godparent. Similarly, when favors are extended, they tend to bind patron and client together
in a network of mutual obligation or a long-term interdependency.
Filipinos also extend the circle of social alliances with friendship. Friendship often is
placed on a par with kinship as the most central of Filipino relationships. Certainly, ties
among those within one's group of friends are an important factor in the development of
personal alliance systems. Here, as in other categories, a willingness to help one another
provides the prime rationale for the relationship.
These categories--real kinship, ritual kinship, utang na
loob relationships, suki relationships, patron-client bonds, and friendship--are not exclusive.
They are interrelated components of the Filipino's personal alliance system. Thus, two
individuals may be cousins, become friends, and then cement their friendship through
godparenthood. Each of their social networks will typically include kin (near and far, affinal
and consanguineal), ritual kin, one or two patron-client relationships, one or more other
close friends (and a larger number of social friends), and a dozen or more market-exchange
partners. Utang na loob may infuse any or all of these relationships. One's network of social
allies may include some eighty or more people, integrated and interwoven into a personal
alliance system.
In 1990 personal alliance systems extended far beyond the local arena, becoming
pyramidal structures going all the way to Manila, where members of the national political
elite represented the tops of numerous personal alliance pyramids. The Philippine elite was
composed of weathly landlords, financiers, businesspeople, high military officers, and
national political figures. Made up of a few families often descended from the ilustrados, or
enlightened ones, of the Spanish colonial period, the elite controlled a high percentage of
the nations's wealth. The lavish life-styles of this group usually included owning at least two
homes (one in Manila and one in the province where the family originated), patronizing
expensive shops and restaurants, belonging to exclusive clubs, and having a retinue of
servants. Many counted among their social acquaintances a number of rich and influential
foreigners, especially Americans, Spaniards, and other Europeans. Their children attended
exclusive private schools in Manila and were often sent abroad, usually to the United States,
for higher education. In addition, by 1990 a new elite of businesspeople, many from Hong
Kong and Taiwan, had developed.
In the cities, there existed a considerable middle-class group consisting of small
entrepreneurs, civil servants, teachers, merchants, small property owners, and clerks whose
employment was relatively secure. In many middle-class families, both spouses worked.
They tended to place great value on higher education, and most had a college degree. They
also shared a sense of common identity derived from similar educational experiences,
facility in using English, common participation in service clubs such as the Rotary, and
similar economic standing.
Different income groups lived in different neighborhoods in the cities and lacked the
personal contact essential to the patron-client relationship. Probably the major social
division was between those who had a regular source of income and those who made up
the informal sector of the economy. The latter subsisted by salvaging material from garbage
dumps, begging, occasional paid labor, and peddling. Although their income was sometimes
as high as those in regular jobs, they lacked the protection of labor legislation and had no
claim to any type of social insurance.

42
Name: __________________________________________________ Date: __________

Year/Section: ____________________________________________ Score: __________

ASSESSMENT No. 6
ESSAY:Explain the following terms in your own understanding.

1. Amor Propio

2. Pakikisama

3. Delicadeza

4. Surface Values

CHAPTER 10-13

43
 CHAPTER 10-13

WEEK 10-13 LESSONS

DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the topic, the learner must:
1. Define and Discuss Enumeration of Filipino Values.
2. Define and Discuss the dilemmas involved in the Filipino Values

Enumeration of Filipino Values

A. Family Orientation

The basic and most important unit of a Filipino's life is the family. Unlike in Western
countries, young Filipinos who turn 18 are not expected to move out of their parents' home.
When a Filipino's parents are old and cannot take care of themselves, they are cared for in
their children's homes and are very rarely brought by their children to Homes for the Aged.
The practice of separating the elderly from the rest of the family, while common in Western
countries is often looked down upon in Filipino society. Family lunches with the whole clan
with up to 50 people, extending until the line of second cousins, are not unusual. The
Filipino puts a great emphasis on the value of family and being close to one's family
members.

B. Joy and Humor

This famous trait is the ability of Filipinos to find humor in everything. It sheds light on the
optimism and positivity of Filipinos in whatever situation they are in so as to remain
determined in going through struggles or challenges. It serves as a coping technique, the
same way a child who has fallen laughs at himself/herself to hide his/her embarrassment.

C. Flexibility, Adaptability, and Creativity

Filipinos often have an aversion to a set of standardized rules or procedures; they are
known to follow a "natural clock" or organic sense of time—doing things in the time they feel
is right. They are present-oriented: which means that one attends to a task or requirement at
the time it is needed and does not worry much about future engagements. This allows the
Filipino to adapt and be flexible in doing the tasks at times not bound to a particular
schedule or timeframe. This allows them think on their feet and be creative in facing
whatever challenge or task they have even when it is already right in front of them.

D. Faith and religiosity

The Philippines is approximately 85 percent Christians (mostly Roman Catholics), 10

percent Muslim, and 5 percent 'other' religions, including the Taoist-Buddhist religious
beliefs of Chinese and the 'indigenous' Animism belief of peoples in upland areas that
44
resisted 300 years of Spanish colonial rule. This is a reflection of the Filipinos' strong faith in
God as seen in their various practices. This includes the numerous church holidays they
observe, the customary (and obligatory) Sunday Mass, the individual's basis of their moral
standpoints, the influence of the Church on the minds, actions, and opinions of the majority,
importance of the Sacraments, praying at almost any possible time of the day, the extreme
practices during Holy Week.

E. Ability to Survive

The Filipinos as a people who have been constantly under the rule of numerous
powerful countries has over time, developed a sense of resourcefulness or the ability to
survive with whatever they have. They have the extraordinary ability to make something out
of almost nothing. If a Filipino was given just a screwdriver, plastic bags, and some tape, he
would still be able to build a bird tree, especially for the sake of survival, and provided that
he is allowed to hunt for some needed surrounding material.

F. Hard work and Industriousness

With resourcefulness comes hard work. Filipinos are very determined and persevering in
accomplishing whatever they set their minds to. Filipinos over the years have proven time
and time again that they are a people with an industrious attitude. Sadly, this is seen by
others as Filipinos being only useful as domestic helpers, working abroad to help their
families in the country. This is also present in the country’s workforce particularly the
farmers. Even with little support, technological weaknesses and the country’s seasonal
typhoons, the Filipino farmer still strives to earn their daily meal.

G. Hospitality

Foreigners who come to visit the Philippines speak of Filipinos going out of their way to
help them when lost, or the heartwarming generosity of a Filipino family hosting a visitor in
their poverty-stricken home. Meanwhile, most foreigners who attend Filipino gatherings
abroad (which are frequently organized for hundreds of reasons) testify to the warmth and
friendliness of Filipinos as they experience that feeling of “belongingness.” Indeed, the
legendary Filipino hospitality is not limited to the Philippines. It is everywhere wherever there
are Filipinos.
H. Gender-specific values

In relation to parenthood, bearing male and female children depends on the preferences
of the parents based on the expected roles that each gender would assume once grown up.
Both genders are expected to become responsible members of the family and their
society. Women in the Philippines are expected to become caring and nurturing mothers for
their own children.
Female Filipinos are also expected to lend a hand in household work. They are even
anticipated to offer assistance after being married. On the other hand, Filipino men are
expected to assume the role of becoming the primary source of income and financial
support of his family.

45
Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: __________

Year/ Section: ____________________________________________ Score: ___________

ASSESSMENT No. 7
Instructions:Research an article online about Filipino Values. Summarize the article and
answer the following questions below. Print the output in a short bond paper.

Questions:

1. Who are the persons involved in the article?

2. What are the events happened that causes the person involved to be articled?
3. What are the Filipino Values presented in the article?
4. How do these articles stand out as good or bad Filipino values?
5. What is your personal opinion about the Filipino Values involved in the article?

RATING GUIDE
(This Rating Guide will be utilized in scoring individual output and performance. Take time to
read and understand the content of the rating guide.)

CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY NEEDS IMPROVEMENT

CONTEXT / IDEAS The ideas are full, There are ideas but not There is no idea and
include verifiable detailed and well detailed and slightly collaboration at all.
ideas and elaboration elaborated elaborated
of answers (30 points) (20 points) (10 points)
The ideas are well The ideas are slightly The ideas have not
ORGANIZATION
organized and organized and have organized and presented.
include chronological
presented. good presentation.
presentation of ideas
(10 points) (7 points) (5 points)
GRAMMAR AND
There are no grammar There are slight There are lots of grammar
PUNCTUATION
errors, an excellent grammar errors, has errors and poor choice of
include correctness
choice of words and good choice of words words. Punctuation marks
of grammar, choice
punctuation marks are and some misuse of are inappropriately used.
of words and use of
appropriately used. punctuation marks
appropriate
(10 points) (7 points) (5 points)
punctuation marks.
TOTAL SCORE

Rated by: _______________________ Date rated: _____________ Score: _____________

46
 CHAPTER 14-15
WEEK 14-15 LESSONS
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the topic, the learner must:
1. Define and Discuss the Code of Ethics for Filipino
2. Identify what are the Code of Ethics for Filipino

CODE OF ETHICS of the FILIPINO Education

PROFESSIONALS
PREAMBLE that "Teachers are duly licensed professionals who possess dignity and
reputation with high moral values as well as technical and professional competence."

1. All educational institution shall offer quality education for all competent teachers.
Article I : (Scope and Limitation) This code shall apply to all teachers in all schools in
the Philippines including persons performing supervisory and/or administrative
functions

2. Article II: (The Teacher and the State) every teacher shall be physically, mentally and
morally fit. Every teacher shall possess and actualize a full commitment and devotion
to duty. shall not use his position or official authority or influence to coerce any other
person to follow any political course of action.

47
 3. Teacher is a facilitator of learning and development of youth, provides an
environment conductive for learning and growth Teacher provides leadership and
initiative to actively participate in community development teacher shall behave with
honour and dignity at all times and refrain from such activities as gambling, smoking,
drunkenness, and other excesses, much less illicit relations. teacher shall live for and
with the community and shall, therefore, study and understand local customs and
traditions in order to have sympathetic attitude teacher shall help the school keep the
people in the community informed about the school’s work and accomplishments as
well as its needs and problems teacher is intellectual leader in the community,
especially in the barangay, and shall welcome the opportunity to provide such
leadership when needed, to extend counselling services,

4. Shall continue professional growth to improve efficiency Shall maintain the nobility
and dignity of the teaching profession The teacher

5. Exhibit cooperative responsibility to formulate changes for the systems at all levels
All school officials, teachers and personnel shall show professional courtesy,
helpfulness and sympathy to one another, and 
6. Deals with students impartially and justly The first and foremost concern of the
teacher is the recognition of the interest and welfare of the students  Discuss the
rights and duties of a teacher to the learners 

7. Inform term of the progress of their children • Seek their cooperation for proper
guidance of their children • Hear parents’ complaints with sympathy and
understanding Establish and maintain cordial relations with parents 

8. Maintains good reputation with respect to financial matters Legitimizes income-

generating activities of the teachers that these do not adversely affect their work as
teachers 

9. Teachers shall maintain a dignified personality whether in school, in the home, or

elsewhere which could serve as a model, worthy of emulation by learners, peers and
others

Above all, teachers must demonstrate integrity, impartiality and ethical behavior in the
classroom and in their conduct with parents and coworkers. Teachers must model strong
character traits, such as perseverance, honesty, respect, lawfulness, patience, fairness,
responsibility and unity.

Teachers help students learn the academic basics, but they also teach valuable life
lessons by setting a positive example. As role models, teachers must follow a professional
code of ethics. This ensures that students receive a fair, honest and uncompromising
education. A professional code of ethics outlines teachers' main responsibilities to their
students and defines their role in students' lives. Above all, teachers must demonstrate
integrity, impartiality and ethical behavior in the classroom and in their conduct with parents
and coworkers.

48
Students Matter Most

Teachers must model strong character traits, such as perseverance, honesty, respect,
lawfulness, patience, fairness, responsibility and unity. As a teacher, you must treat every
student with kindness, equality and respect, without showing favoritism, prejudice or
partiality. You must maintain confidentiality unless a situation warrants involvement from
parents, school administration or law enforcement, and never use relationships with
students for personal gain.

Committment to the Job

Teachers must wholly commit to the teaching profession. Your classroom should promote
safety, security and acceptance, always avoiding any form of bullying, hostility, dishonesty,
neglect or offensive conduct. You must accurately describe your qualifications, credentials
and licenses to school boards or principals who seek to hire you. You must also fulfill all
contracts; obey school policies; and account for all funds and resources at your disposal. It's
your responsibility to design lesson plans to meet state standards and create a well-rounded
education plan that appeals to a wide range of learners.

Keep Learning

A professional code of conduct demands attentiveness to continuing education

requirements and career development. You must research new teaching methods, attend
classes to maintain your certifications, consult colleagues for professional advice, participate
in curriculum improvements and stay up to date on technical advancements for the
classroom. It's your duty to ensure that your teaching methods are fresh, relevant and
comprehensive. Teachers must engage in educational research to continuously improve
their teaching strategies.

Healthy Relationships Top the List

In addition to fostering healthy relationships with students, teachers must build strong
relationships with parents, school staff, colleagues in the community, guidance counselors
and administrators. You must never discuss private information about colleagues unless
disclosure is required by law. Always avoid gossip, including false or mean-spirited
comments about coworkers. Part of the code of ethics requires you to cooperate with fellow
teachers, parents and administrators to create an atmosphere that's conducive to learning.
You might be called upon to train student teachers as they prepare to serve as educators,
so a positive attitude and a team-centered mindset can make all the difference.

The code of ethics for teachers is designed to protect the rights of the students, all the
students. It is important that teachers understand that when they get a teaching position
they are agreeing to follow the code of ethics. ... You can't push your personal beliefs on
students because they are a "captive audience".

49
Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Sample
Template:
1. Be inclusive.

We welcome and support people of all backgrounds and identities. This includes, but is not
limited to members of any sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, race, ethnicity,
culture, national origin, social and economic class, educational level, color, immigration
status, sex, age, size, family status, political belief, religion, and mental and physical ability.

2. Be considerate.

We all depend on each other to produce the best work we can as a company. Your
decisions will affect clients and colleagues, and you should take those consequences into
account when making decisions.

3. Be respectful.
We won't all agree all the time, but disagreement is no excuse for disrespectful behavior.
We will all experience frustration from time to time, but we cannot allow that frustration
become personal attacks. An environment where people feel uncomfortable or threatened is
not a productive or creative one.

4. Choose your words carefully.

Always conduct yourself professionally. Be kind to others. Do not insult or put down others.
Harassment and exclusionary behavior aren't acceptable. This includes, but is not limited to:

50
  Threats of violence.
 Insubordination.
 Discriminatory jokes and language.
 Sharing sexually explicit or violent material via electronic devices or other means.
 Personal insults, especially those using racist or sexist terms.
 Unwelcome sexual attention.
 Advocating for, or encouraging, any of the above behavior.

5. Don't harass.

In general, if someone asks you to stop something, then stop. When we disagree, try to
understand why. Differences of opinion and disagreements are mostly unavoidable. What is
important is that we resolve disagreements and differing views constructively.

6. Make differences into strengths.

We can find strength in diversity. Different people have different perspectives on issues, and
that can be valuable for solving problems or generating new ideas. Being unable to
understand why someone holds a viewpoint doesn’t mean that they’re wrong. Don’t forget
that we all make mistakes, and blaming each other doesn’t get us anywhere.
Instead, focus on resolving issues and learning from mistakes.

51
Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: __________

Year/Section: ______________________________________________ Score: __________

ASSESSMENT No. 8
Direction: Explain the following questions.

1. What are the code of Ethics for Pilipino Teachers?

2. What are the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Sample Template:?

52
RATING GUIDE
(This Rating Guide will be utilized in scoring individual output and performance. Take time to
read and understand the content of the rating guide.)

CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY NEEDS IMPROVEMENT

CONTEXT / IDEAS The ideas are full, There are ideas but not There is no idea and
include verifiable detailed and well detailed and slightly collaboration at all.
ideas and elaboration elaborated elaborated
of answers (30 points) (20 points) (10 points)
The ideas are well The ideas are slightly The ideas have not
ORGANIZATION
organized and organized and have organized and presented.
include chronological
presented. good presentation.
presentation of ideas
(10 points) (7 points) (5 points)
GRAMMAR AND
There are no grammar There are slight There are lots of grammar
PUNCTUATION
errors, an excellent grammar errors, has errors and poor choice of
include correctness
choice of words and good choice of words words. Punctuation marks
of grammar, choice
punctuation marks are and some misuse of are inappropriately used.
of words and use of
appropriately used. punctuation marks
appropriate
(10 points) (7 points) (5 points)
punctuation marks.
TOTAL SCORE

Rated by: _______________________ Date rated: _____________ Score: _____________

53
 CHAPTER 16-18
WEEK 16-18 LESSONS
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the topic, the learner must:
1. To be able to explain the workplace
2. To be able to discuss and identify the Respect in the workplace
3. To be able to discuss how to maintain Confidentiality in the Workplace
4. To be able to explain how to be happy at work

What is workplace used to:

Workplace is a mobile and web app that aims to keep your team members
connected. The service, which used to be called Facebook Work, offers features like
Facebook Groups, Facebook Messenger, built-in audio and video calling, and access to the
social network's profiles, Events, and Live video tools.

A workplace is a location where someone works for his or her employer, a place of
employment. Such a place can range from a home office to a large office building or factory.

RESPECT IN THE WORKPLACE

54
Tips For How to Demonstrate Respect in the Workplace

 Actively listen to others.

 Never interrupt or put in your two cents before they're finished.
 Use other people's ideas often to increase productivity and efficiency.
 Don't insult people or talk behind their back.
 Don't nitpick, micromanage, criticize or demean others.

How to show respect in the workplace

 Listen to what everyone has to say.
 Pay attention to nonverbal communication.
 Practice transparency.
 Recognize the strengths and accomplishments of others.
 Value the time and workloads of others.
 Delegate meaningful work.
 Practice common courtesy and politeness.

Importance
Respect is a key requirement for a healthy work environment. It promotes teamwork
and increases productivity and efficiencies in the workplace. It lets employees know they
are valued for their abilities, qualities and achievements, and that their role is important to
their company's success.

55
Impact

Encouraging mutual respect will help to: Reduce workplace stress, conflict and
problems. An increase in workplace respect will help to improve communication between
colleagues, increase teamwork and reduce stress as peace in the workplace soars.
Increase productivity, knowledge and understanding.

We seek respect in our professional lives. Gaining the respect of others in the
workplace is something many people want, but often have misguided ideas on how to
achieve this goal.

The following tips will provide valuable insight into the process of gaining and keeping
respect in the workplace.

1. Display self-confidence.

Show co-workers your passion for company goals and encourage others to do the
same. Maintain your individual identity by not allowing the job to consume you. Your
employer must realize that you choose to work for them. Do not let the fear of losing your
job hinder your performance.

Have a backup plan in place if you are ever laid off. Always have options. This will give you
the confidence and flexibility to be a visionary. Maintain a level of practically and adjust
goals as needed.

2. Strive to complete each task and assignment on time.

This will demonstrate to both your supervisors and subordinates that you are a
responsible person who keeps their word. This also helps others trust you and shows your
have a high level of accountability. If you are given a deadline that is unreasonable, tactfully
find a way to convey this information to the individual who set the deadline.

3. Show humility.

Be willing to admit your flaws, but do not focus on them. You should have some self-
depreciation, but it should be paired with self-confidence. People generally will not respect a
leader who appears insecure and continuously mentions their shortcomings.

Show your human side but maintain a sense of bravado and self-assurance.

4. Have patience with others.

Realize that co-workers each have their individual levels of learning and adapt to new tasks
and job assignments accordingly. Praise others as they master each step of their new
assignments. Having patience with others will demonstrate you have confidence in co-
56
workers and believe they can expand their knowledge and skills. People are most likely to
respect those who treat well and will not fear approaching them with problems or questions.

5. Respect co-workers even if you don't like them.

Despite not always seeing eye-eye with co-workers, you still must show professional respect
to everyone you encounter during the course of the workday. Things change rapidly in the
corporate world. Someone who is your subordinate may someday become your supervisor.
Or a co-worker may join another company and become one of your future clients.

6. Don't repeat workplace gossip.

While it may be tempting to listen and repeat the latest office gossip, doing so will give the
impression that you are not to be trusted with confidential information. It also gives the
impression that you enjoy discussing the misfortunes of others. That is not a good way to
earn respect.

7. Be inclusive.

Tell employees about changes in the organization and what impact it may have on all
involved. Encourage employees to ask questions and stay informed about what is
happening within the company. One simple way to accomplish is to publish an office
newsletter.

8. Workers enjoy being praised.

This enhances their confidence in their skills. It may encourage them to work harder
and learn new tasks and skills. If you must give criticism, combine it with praise for what the
employee does well. If something does go wrong, do not publicly blame anyone else. If
addressing a group, explain the problem and what steps are being taken to prevent future
occurrences.

9. Share knowledge with co-workers.

This action demonstrates that you have confidence in their abilities to handle new situations
and that you respect them enough to share this important information. As you seek
knowledge, you must also learn the value of communal learning.

This will help you form a team mentality in the workplace and include others in your
success. Respected people are seldom loners on the road to success. They include others

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along their journey and make it known that everyone has a role in the success of the
company.

10. Be neat and organized.

An active workplace is indicative of a hard-working individual but a disorganized workplace

leaves the impression that you have no regard for the image of the company. Your clothing
should also reflect the idea that you value your professional image. Dress each day as if you
are going to ask for a raise.

11. Always be professional, even at office parties.

The final word of advice to those who seek respect in the workplace is not to get drunk at
company social functions. Although an event may be held off company premises, it is still a
work-related event and it isn’t be professional to act rudely or say something inappropriate.

While your private life is your own business, you have to maintain your reputation at work by
not over-indulging at social functions. If a co-worker gets intoxicated at an office party, be
discrete and do not mention the incident in the following days.

Confidentiality in the workplace

Confidentiality in the workplace is rule number one in the book of business
etiquette. Not only are you showing your customers, clients and employees a level of
common courtesy by protecting their data, but you're also fulfilling your legal responsibility to
prevent sensitive information from being leaked.

The importance of confidentiality in the workplace

Confidentiality in the workplace is rule number one in the book of business etiquette.
Not only are you showing your customers, clients and employees a level of common
courtesy by protecting their data, but you’re also fulfilling your legal responsibility to prevent
sensitive information from being leaked. Such breaches of confidentiality can have
catastrophic consequences for your business, so it’s worth ensuring you understand how to
adhere to this ethical, legal duty.

Look at it this way, in a single day one employee could be handling all sorts of
private or intellectual information, from customer contact details to financial information
regarding the company. Not to mention the data that could be retrieved if your computer
systems were accessed by an external party. Without an employee confidentiality
agreement and security procedures in place, your data is at risk of a breach. The same
applies whether you work in finance, healthcare, HR, you name it.

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How to prevent a breach of confidential information in the
workplace

Ensuring that private business information and intellectual property is protected can throw
up challenges. Firstly, with the rise of paperless offices and online filing systems, information
can be more accessible than ever and therefore, more vulnerable.

Encrypting files and databases with passwords and limiting access to only the necessary
individuals can help to keep the information safe and strengthens the company’s legal
position if the worst happens.

This isn’t exclusive to written or digital data, however, as verbal exchanges can also become
problematic. Employees talk, and they make mistakes – they’re only human, after all.

While it may seem like common sense not to share private documents with third parties, it’s
all too easy to let one’s guard down during casual conversations or on social media. Ever
gossiped about a co-worker interviewing for a rival company or repeated something that
another person said about their boss? These are both examples of sharing information you
were told in confidence.

For business owners, every employee is a risk and, while controlling employee access to
social media platforms can be controversial, how your employees share information should
be a consideration when protecting confidentiality.

To limit the potential data breaches, add a confidentiality agreement to all employment
contracts(external link). This must be read and signed by all new-starters, to confirm they
legally agree to keep confidential information private. It’s important for them to understand
why it’s essential to protect private data and what the procedures are for keeping
information safe.

Hiscox offer a CyberClear Academy as part of their cyber and data insurance, which
provides employers with online interactive cyber security training modules for them to use
for their employees.

The consequences of a confidentiality breach

It’s rare that a breach of confidentiality at work will occur intentionally, but even an honest
mistake can carry grave consequences. For example, if an employee left their work laptop
on a train, any sensitive information stored on it is then available for somebody else’s

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viewing pleasure. Or it could even be something as simple as sending a private email to the
wrong person. We all know how easy that could be.

As an employee, the consequences of breaking confidentiality agreements(external

link) could lead to termination of employment. In more serious cases, they can even face a
civil lawsuit, if a third party involved decides to press charges for the implications
experienced from the breach.

As a business, a breach of confidentiality could result in sizeable compensation pay-outs or

legal action, depending on the scale of the breach. Beyond the financial implications, it can
be incredibly damaging to the company’s reputation and existing relationships. If it becomes
public knowledge that private information was shared without consent or you experience a
data breach, you could lose trust not only from your existing clients but from prospective
ones too. Recovering from a data breach can be costly and takes a strong PR strategy to
get back on track.

How to Maintain Confidentiality in the Workplace

 understand the parameters

 Think about your answer carefully
 Cite an example from previous work experiences
 Show how important confidentiality is to you.
 Tell the interviewer how much you value your relationship with your boss.
Employee Morale

Definition:

Employee morale is defined as the attitude, satisfaction and overall outlook of

employees during their association with an organization or a business. An employee that is
satisfied and motivated at workplace usually tend to have a higher morale than their
counterparts. Employee engagement and employee satisfaction play an important role for
employees to be happy in their workplace.

On the contrary, employees who are not happy in their workplace, who constantly complain
and crib about the various attributes in an organization, like employee policies, workplace
culture, facilities at work etc. tend to have a low employee morale. This is quite evident in
their behavior. Employee morale is a complex concept because it involves a lot of factors
that affect their morale.

Employee morale is vital to organization culture- a positive collective attitude will create a
positive working environment for everyone. If your organization has a poor morale or a
culture of suffering then there is a possibility that in your organization employees have a low

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or negative morale that can adversely affect the productivity of the organization. It can most
certainly lead to greater employee attrition, just to begin with.

1.Stay connected with your employees:

A feedback is an effective mechanism to stay in touch with your employees. Deploy

an employee engagement survey at timely intervals to get first-hand feedback about how
engaged or motivated are your employees. The responses to the survey will help you
determine their attitude and in turn their morale.

2.Your managers must be coaches:

Over the last decade or so, the definition of a manager has slightly shifted from being
a taskmaster to a coach. Your managers should be like coaches. They should be able to
help employees learn and grow within the organization. A good manager or a supervisor will
not only motivate an employee to perform better but also help them resolve problems and
related issues.

3.A good workplace culture:

Like you cannot simply induce employee engagement, you cannot expect that a
negative work culture will help induce a high morale. A good work culture will help
employees settle in faster especially the new employees. New employees are most
susceptible to workplace gossips. One negative word can make them doubt their decision to
be in the organization thus affecting your employee Net Promoter Score.

5 Factors Affecting Employee Morale

Employee morale is a complex phenomenon and depends on various factors. Here
is the different criterion that affects employee morale:

 Organization Itself:

While it may sound surprising, but the organization itself is one of the biggest and most
important factors that affect employee morale. An organization influences an employee’s
attitude towards his/her work. The reputation of an organization can certainly build up for
better or worse, their attitude towards it.

 Type of work:

The nature of work an employee is performing at his/her workplace also is greatly

responsible to determine the morale. If the employee is expected to perform the same task
day in and out, there is going to boredom associated with it sooner or later. It can make
situations worse for an employee. Unorganized organization structure also affects

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employees, if the employee feels that he/she is just a cog machine in a factory line, instead
of a real person, this too may adversely affect their morale.

 Personal attributes:

Mental and physical health play an important role in determining employee morale. If the
employee is not physically or mentally fit, this can be a potential obstacle in their progress
and learning at their workplace. There are also other important factors that concern their
progress and in turn their morale: age, education qualification, years of experience,
occupational levels, reward perception, and similar factors.

 Supervision and feedback:

The level of supervision received by an employee is a tremendous factor that affects the
morale. If the employees feel they have no direction or don’t understand the
organizational goals and commitments, then it the job of the superiors and the leadership in
the organization to get them on the same page. But there should not be too much
interference too if the employees are given the freedom to work their morale will be high.

 Work-Life balance:

Most organization fail to recognize the importance of a healthy work-life balance. It is

important that the employees have some activities to relax while they are at work. It’s not
just about the foosball culture or an inventory stuffed with food. It is important that proper
guidance and counseling is given to the employees whenever needed.

4 Simple Ways to Boost Employee Morale

Employee morale is determined by how employees view their work environment and their
overall level of satisfaction in their workplace. Employee morale has a direct effect on
employee retention. A disinterested or unhappy employee will not stay for long in an
organization that he/she cannot rationalize their goals and progress with.

 Streamline work based on skills:

It is important for the Human Resources to recruit and assign people based on their
skillset. You cannot hire a lawyer and expect him/her to carry out tasks that you would
expect an engineer to do. Allowing people to work based on their competency is a win-
win situation for both employees and employers.

Talent management is complex, yet necessary. If you cannot manage your employees and
assign them tasks that they are hired to carry out then it’s time to rethink your strategies
because clearly, they will not yield the expected results. Therefore, make sure you invest in
a competent human resources team, so the talent that is acquired performs well and stays
happy.

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  Train them well for professional development:

Most organizations fail to understand the importance of training their staff. Be it employee
onboarding or any other formal training process, employees should be well-equipped to
perform their tasks at work and achieve their goals. There should be a budget assigned at
the start of the financial year that facilitates the training and development program.

These training will help employees sharpen their skills, which will not only benefit them but
also the organization. A well organized and self-sufficient workforce is every organization’s
dream, so pay for these courses that ignite imagination and spark curiosity, build confidence
and leads to a high morale workforce.

 Recognize and reward employees:

Employee recognition and reward keeps your workforce motivated. When, as a leader, you
create an environment where good work is appreciated, employees feel empowered and
take a personal interest in the tasks they are assigned to them.

The purpose of employee recognition should be to reinforce what an organization wants an

employee to do more. When an employee performs well to make sure to applaud his/her
hard work and achievements. This will bring confidence to them to align their personal goals
with that of the organization’s goals.

 Be open to feedback:

Many organizations today, promote the open door policy, where an employee is free to
express what they feel to their superiors or their reporting authority because they are open
to feedback. If your employees know their voice is being heard and they are considered as
an integral part of the organization, this will reflect in their confidence.

If the employees feel they cannot share information with you, there are greater chances that
the information will never be conveyed to you rather will just make rounds within the team
and you will be alienated from whatever is happening in your own team. Instead be
receptive to feedback, transparency is the need of the hour for most organizations and so it
should be.

Finally, employee morale is not just the employee’s responsibility or attitude. It is a collective
responsibility of the employees and the organization to provide a conducive working
environment and a workplace culture that exudes positivity and goodwill. Work culture is
because of the employees and they should know the importance of values and morale. To
achieve the best, it is important to first be the best.

Top 10 Ways to Be Happy at Work

 Find a Career Your Enjoy

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For some people, a career that they enjoy may mean finding a job that uses skills they are
proud of. In other cases, a career you enjoy could be work that you are passionate about or
find personally fulfilling.

No employee is happy at work every single day, and even jobs you are passionate about
can sometimes be frustrating or tedious. But if your career is something you generally enjoy
and feel proud of, you are more likely to feel happy at work. Take a look at yourself, your
skills, and interests, and find something that you can enjoy doing every day.

 Find a Job That Gives You Time Outside Work

Not everyone needs a career that inspires deep passion or speaks to your personal values.
For many people, a job is something that allows them to create a lifestyle they value outside
the office.

Consider what you want your life to look like. Do you want evenings and weekends off to
spend with friends? Plenty of vacation time to pursue your hobbies? A predictable schedule
that allows you to be home with your kids every night?

Even if you don't find a job you love your job, if you love the life it allows you to create, you
are more likely to be happy at work.

 Take Charge of Your Own Professional and Personal

Development
Take charge of your own growth by investing in your personal and professional
development. Develop a plan and goals for your career, then pursue them.

Ask for specific and meaningful help from your boss. Look for assignments that will help you
achieve career milestones or learn specific skills. Pursue opportunities and connections that
you find valuable, even if your current employer isn't creating those opportunities for you.

When you feel in control of your career and can see yourself improving and growing, you
are more likely to feel satisfied in your current position.

 Take Responsibility for Knowing What Is Happening

at Work
Feeling out of the loop at work, or knowing that you are missing key information that other
employees have, can leave you feeling dissatisfied and undervalued. But if you wait for
someone else to fill you in, the information you need may never come.

Instead of waiting to find out what's happening with your company, department projects, or
coworkers, proactively seek out information that you need to do your job and make

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important decisions. Develop an information network and use it. Assertively request a
weekly meeting with your boss and ask meaningful questions.

You may find that your coworkers or supervisor didn't realize there was a communication
breakdown, or you may discover that your current office simply doesn't have a strong work
culture of open communication. Either way, if you take charge of finding the information you
need, you'll be better able to do your job and will feel a greater sense of control over the
trajectory of your career.

 Ask for Feedback Frequently

Receiving feedback about your work can either provide positive reinforcement that makes
you feel valued, or it can fill in key skill and understanding gaps that will help you do your job
and fit into your work environment more successfully. But employees who don't receive this
feedback from their managers often feel undervalued, unable to do their jobs, and unhappy
at work.

If you aren't receiving regular feedback from your supervisor, start being proactive about
requesting it. Ask your boss for feedback at the end of major projects, or talk to the
management team about implementing regular employee assessments to help everyone
succeed at their jobs.

Talk to your customers, too; if you're serving them well, their feedback will be affirming. The
more feedback you receive, the more likely you are to be successful at your job. This will
lead to more positive reinforcement that increases your sense of happiness at work.

 Only Make Commitments You Can Keep

One of the most serious causes of work stress and unhappiness is failing to keep
commitments. In many cases, employees spend more time making excuses for failing to
keep a commitment and worrying about the consequences of incomplete tasks than they
spend completing their work.

To manage stress levels and minimize unhappiness at work, create a system for tracking
your commitments and managing your schedule. Stay organized enough that you can judge
quickly and accurately whether you are actually able to commit to a request or a new
assignment. Don't volunteer for additional work or office tasks if you don't have time.

If your workload is regularly exceeding your available time and energy, don't accept the
unhappy status quo. Talk to your coworkers to see if anyone else is feeling the same way,
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then talk to your boss about how the company can provide the additional time, help, or
resources that employees need.

 Avoid Negativity
Participating in a toxic work environment will increase your unhappiness, no matter how
much you enjoy your job. Choosing to be happy at work means avoiding negative
conversations, gossip, and unhealthy work relationships as much as possible.

No matter how positively you feel, negative people have a profound impact on your psyche.
If you find that certain groups at work are more likely to engage in negative behaviors such
as gossip or complaining, try to distance yourself from those people. If that's not possible, do
your best to redirect conversations onto more positive topics.

 You can also choose to talk to your employer about creating a company culture that
values positivity and cooperation, rather than competitiveness, to create a happier
work environment for all employees.

 Practice Professional Courage

Many people are afraid of conflict, especially in a work setting when it feels like conflict can
impact your professional future and financial security. If you've never learned how to engage
in meaningful conflict, you likely think of it as scary, harmful, and hurtful.

Conflict can be negative, but if it's done well, conflict can also help you accomplish your
work mission and your personal vision. When addressed openly, with positive
communication, clear goals, and respect for your coworkers and supervisors, conflict can be
a positive thing at work. Standing up for principles or ideas that you believe in can help you
serve customers, create meaningful change, and be more successful at your job.

Practicing professional courage can also create new opportunities for you, either in your
current position or further in your career. And when you stand up for your ideas, goals, and
dreams, you are more likely feel proud of yourself and happy with your choices.

 Make Friends
In their landmark book, "First, Break All The Rules: What the World’s Greatest Managers Do
Differently," one of the key questions that Marcus Buckingham and Curt Coffman asked
was, "Do you have a best friend at work?" Employees who reported having strong
friendships at work, whether or not those friendships carried over into their outside lives,
were more likely to be happy and motivated at work.

Employees spend a lot of time at work; enjoying the coworkers that you spend time with
there is one of the hallmarks of a positive work experience. Feeling understood and valued

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by even one coworker, especially if that's someone you interact with regularly, can
significantly increase your daily happiness at work.

 If All Else Fails, Job Searching Will Make You Smile

You don't need to love your job, but it shouldn't make you miserable on a regular basis. If
creating any happiness at work feels impossible, you may be stuck in a toxic work culture or
a job that simply cannot be a good fit for you.

In that case, it may be time to reevaluate your employer, your job, or your entire career.
Even if you have to remain in your current position for a while longer, actively searching for
a new job that is more in line with your professional interests and personal values may be
the best thing you can do to gain a sense of control and put a smile on your face once more.

REFERENCESS:

Values and Work Ethics- Dr. Margarita A. Saidali, Jamael Ferdinand R. Saidali

Alfred, R. (2013) 'Values-led businesses care about behaviours not buzz words', Guardian,
Business section [Online], 11 December.

German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900).

1st Edition
by Yael Eylat-Tanaka (Author)

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JONATHAN GRAY
Jonathan Gray is an author of Show Sold Separately (2010), Television Entertainment (2008),
and Watching with The Simpsons (2006); coauthor of Television Studies (2011); and coeditor
of Satire TV (2009), Battleground: The Media (2008), and Fandom (2007).

www.google

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