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Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) application for longer-term Coal plant

utilization in Indonesia

Presentation · May 2022

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24823.50084

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Carbon Capture Storage
(CCS) application for
longer-term Coal plant
utilization in Indonesia
Zainal Arifin
EVP Enjiniring dan Teknologi
Centre of Excellence

PLN International Webinar on

Designing Carbon Neutral
Roadmap
19 Mei 2022
 CCS in the Power and Industrial sectors in the 2DS

Nuclear 8%, Power generation efficiency and

The 2DS suggests a steep deployment path for CCS technologies fuel switching 3%, Renewables 21%, End-
applied to power generation and a number of industries. Over use fuel switching 12%, CCS 14%, End-use
70% of all CCS projects take place in non-OECD countries by fuel and electricity efficiency 42%
2050
Source: IEA (2013) www.pln.co.id | 01
Indonesia CO2 emissions by sector
• The power sector is
responsible for a large
percentage of GHG
emissions.
• Decarbonization in the coal
power sector is highly
encouraged in achieving the
national emission reduction
target.
• CCS/CCUS is a key
technology that can address
emissions from coal power
generation, including from
carbon-intensive industries.
2031: First Stage Retirement for sub-critical CFPP 2036: Second Stage Retirement sub-
• No more Diesel PP critical, critical, & partly
• Start hydrogen use for electricity supercritical CFPP
• Increase Battery Usage

Source: EBTKE ESDM (2021) www.pln.co.id | 02

CCS/CCUS large scale projects
Large-scale CO2 capture projects in operation, under construction, or at an advanced stage of
planning by sector, storage type, capture potential, and actual or estimated start date.
Inherent separation
Today, there are 21 CCUS facilities around the world. Commercial:
• Gas processing – Sweetening
• Refining - Coal-to-liquids;
synthetic natural gas from
coal, Hydrogen production
• Chemicals -
Ammonia/methanol
• Biofuels - Ethanol fermentation

Source: IEA (2013), ADB (2021) www.pln.co.id | 03

CCS/CCUS for Power generation
Petra Nova carbon capture project in Texas was
one of the biggest of its kind before closing in
2020
The Carbon Capture Facility is attached to the retrofitted 150 MW
Power Unit #3 at Boundary Dam Power Station, Canada
Size: Original 139 MW gross upgraded to 160 MW gross; Net
after CO2 capture retrofit (1 Mt/yr) is 110 MW net
Capture Technology: Post-combustion amine
CO2 Fate: EOR in Weyburn field (90% of CO2).

Plant scale 240 MWeq

CO2 capacity 4,776 TPD (1.4 MMton/year) Several major publications have noted what they
CO2 removal 90% deem poor economics of the project.
Technology Amine KM-CDR

Source: IEA (2013), ADB (2021) www.pln.co.id | 04

 CCS/CCUS activities in Indonesia
A first PLN World Bank
comprehensive CCS readiness
Investigating
study to identify at West Jawa
CO2 storage
CCS potential and South
potential
deployment in Sumatera coal-
combined with
Indonesia fired power
EOR
plants

2003-2005 2007-2009 2010 2011 2015 2016 - ……

Jointly Pre FS pilot Pilot project CCS

developed project in at Gundih field –
detailed scope Merbau – Blora, west Jawa
for CCS project South Sumatera
proposal Sumatera
Multi years joint
research at Total
fields

Source: Prabowo (2021) www.pln.co.id | 05

Case Study: CCS for Power in Indonesia – 1/3

3 Scenarios:
90%: International carbon trade market Total CO2 emissions (Million ton)
45%: Maximum emission per plant by
Gov.
22,5%: Commercial scale-part

Source: World Bank (2013) www.pln.co.id | 06

Case Study: CCS for Power in Indonesia – 2/3
1
The reduction in power
output is estimated at 27.5
and 30.8 % for the large
West Java plant and the
smaller South Sumatra
plant, respectively; at 90 %
capture.
2
At 90% capture, the LCOE is
estimated at 15.4 and 15.5 US
cents per kWh, translating to a
net incremental cost of CCS at
7.9 and 9.1 US cents per kWh
for the West Java and South
Sumatra power plants,
respectively.

Source: World Bank (2013) www.pln.co.id | 07

Case Study: CCS for Power in Indonesia – 3/3
3 On an LCOE basis, coal-fired plants with
CCS are comparable with other technology
of similar scale and level of CO2 emissions
Source: World Bank (2013)
4 CO2 capture accounts for more
than 80 % of the total incremental
cost of
CCS. The cost of CCS is estimated
equivalent to about US$100/ton of
CO2 emission avoided
5 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is
an attractive cost-offsetting
mechanism. The demand for CO2
for EOR in South Sumatra would
be insufficient to accommodate
CO2 from West Java. Then the
South Sumatra power plant is well
placed to take advantage of EOR
opportunities.
www.pln.co.id | 08
Potential of CO2 source from CFPP in Jawa
Coal Power Plant (8 Plants)
• PLTU Suralaya & PLTU LBE (1)
• PLTU Lontar (2)
• PLTU Indramayu (3)
• PLTU Cirebon (4)
• PLTU Cilacap (5)
• PLTU Tanjung Jati B (6)
• PLTU Rembang (7)
• PLTU Paiton (8)
Power Plant (coal) CO2 is
classified as:
• Low: <1.000.000 TCO2e
• Medium: 1-2 million TCO2e
• High: > 2 million TCO2e

Source: ITB (2020) www.pln.co.id | 09

Conclusion
1. Though recently the CCS/CCUS is emerging as a part of Low carbon technology,
its implementation for Power Generation is still early beginning including in
Indonesia.
2. Nowadays, the adoption of CCS/CCUS for Power Generation is highly expensive. In
Indonesia’s case, the cost of electricity would be about double.
3. CCS implementation on Coal-fired power plants (CFPP) will increase the LCOE so
that is comparable in cost to other technologies (geothermal and gas-fired
combined cycle) in Indonesia.
4. Some challenging issues of CCS/CSUS application in Power Generation especially
CFPP:
 CO2 captured vs power output
 CO2 infrastructure includes storage availability
 Maturity (TRL) of the available technology
 Earlier phase-out of coal-fired power plant scenario
5. Regarding the technology development and Climate global trend, an updated study
of CCS implementation on Power generation in Indonesia is needed.

www.pln.co.id | 10
 THANK YOU
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zainal-Arifin-13/research

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