Operations Research

and Management - 5
21MECH42H-O

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering department
The British University in Egypt
Operations Research & Management
2

RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering department
The British University in Egypt
Operations Research & Management
3

1
Definitions
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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“Resource:
Anything that is scarce and can
be used to assist in the
performance of a task.

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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“Management:
The handling or treatment of a
task.

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Resource Management

The skilful handling of resources Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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2
Types of Resources
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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 Men

4M What else?
 Machine
 Money
 Material
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Resources

Tangible
Resources

Intangible
Resources Dr. Noha Mostafa
Timothy Wooi, Resource management Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Resources

 Non-storable: has to be renewed for each period

e.g. time
 Storable: depleted only by usage (remains available if not used)
e.g. money

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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3
How to Manage Resources?

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Objective of resource management

 Resource Management is the efficient and effective deployment of an

organization's resources in the most efficient way possible, maximizing the
utilization of available resources to achieve organization goals.

 Being effective is about doing the right things, while being efficient is about
doing things right.

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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 Men People (or HR) management

 Machine Machine scheduling

 Money Budgeting

 Material MRP, Inventory management

 Time Time management

Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Resource allocation

 The assignment of a task to a resource. A resource can be:

 Under-loaded (load < capacity)

 Fully-loaded (load = capacity)

 Over-loaded (load > capacity)

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
16

Resource leveling and smoothing

 To allow each activity to be scheduled within levels and with the smoothest possible
transition across resource usage levels.

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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4
Lean Principles
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Lean or Toyota Production System (TPS)

 Lean is the revolutionary super-efficient

production system pioneered by Toyota. The
core focus of "Lean" is to eliminate Wastes.

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Lean principles

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Lean principles

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Lean principles

Continuous Improvement Material

without adding: Cost

Money
Inventory

 Lean Principles is a methodology, modeled

from a Lean manufacturing strategy that
People
eliminates waste.
 Lean is NOT people working harder to Facilities
produce more.
 Lean Methodology results in greater profit
by reducing costs.

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Timothy Wooi, Resource management Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Lean principles

 Waste:
anything other than the minimum resources required to add value.

 Value added activities:

anything transform raw materials and information into products or service.

 Non-value added activities:

activities that consume resources, but don’t directly contribute to the product.

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Timothy Wooi, Resource management Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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VA and NVA
Necessary
Manage
Manage

Machining, Assembly, Something Inspection, checking, follow up,

a customer will pay for proof reading, supervising ,
Loading/Unloading

Value Non-Value
Added Added

Operations called out but no Recounting, searching, long set-ups,

longer needed or options. additional inspection steps, rework,
(paint options) additional paperwork, excess storage

Re-consider Eliminate

Unnecessary
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Lean principles

Video: Lean Manufacturing a pursuit of perfection Dr. Noha Mostafa

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkUjX_c32c8&t=227s
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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The 7 wastes

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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The 7 wastes

Video: Funny Introduction To The 8 Wastes Of Lean Manufacturing Dr. Noha Mostafa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2nBKRKKWXk&t=275s
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Lean thinking
Traditional thinking

When we add value

Price to Customer
we also add costs.
If we want to
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ make more profit
Profit we increase price

Cost to Make

Traditional Principle of Cost:

Cost + Profit = Price
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Timothy Wooi, Resource management Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Lean thinking
Lean thinking
Price fixed for Customer
Marketplace Pressure

Profit If we want to make more

profit,
reduce Waste (Cost to
make)

Cost to Make

Lean Principle of Cost:

Price - Cost = Profit
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Timothy Wooi, Resource management Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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5
How to Do It?
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
INE121 Introduction to IE 30
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The challenge

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations
INE121 Research & Management
Introduction to IE
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Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations
INE121 Research & Management
Introduction to IE
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Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations
INE121 Research & Management
Introduction to IE
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Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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 Need to do more than talk.

 Learn by doing.
 Improvements don’t have to be expensive.

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Video: Our Lean journey Dr. Noha Mostafa

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QD98A3OnlxM&t=54s
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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6
Energy Management
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
37

What is energy management?

 Energy management is the wise and effective use of energy to maximize

profits (reducing costs) and enhance competitive positions.
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Energy efficiency Vs. Energy conservation

 Energy efficiency is using technology that requires less energy to perform

the same function.
 Energy conservation is any behavior that results in the use of less energy.

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
39

Why energy management?

11:59
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Why energy management?

 In the light of rising energy costs, limited

deposits of raw materials and global warming
due to CO2 emissions, the efficient use of
energy is continually gaining importance.

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
41

Attitude is changing

Fuel consumption: 12 l/100 km Fuel consumption: 6.9 l/100km Dr. Noha Mostafa
Weight: 750 kg. Weight: 1334 kg. Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
42

Sustainability

 Sustainability means acting in a responsible

manner with respect to future generations –
at an economical, ecological and social
level.

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
43

UN SDGs

Video: Resource Efficiency & Sustainable Development Dr. Noha Mostafa

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kC3VTg-8f0s
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
44

Attitude is changing

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
45

What is energy management?

 Energy management is the wise and effective use of energy to maximize

profits (reducing costs) and enhance competitive positions.
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
46

What is energy management?

“Energy management is the predictive, organized and systematic coordination

of the procurement, conversion, distribution and use of energy to cover
requirements while taking account of ecological and economic aims. The term
thus describes actions for the purpose of efficient energy handling.”

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
47

Energy flow chain

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Industrial Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Energy management best policy

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
49

Energy management best policy

Video: Sustainable Manufacturing and at KAOLIN Dr. Noha Mostafa

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHbV0DbRkTI
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
50

7
Water Management
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
51

Climate
Change Draughts
Water Resources

Agriculture Domestic Industry

Population
%
Growth % %

Allocation
Competition amongst sectors Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
52

Climate
Change Draughts
Water Resources

Agriculture Domestic Industry

Population
Growth

Increasing Decreasing
water demand water supply
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
53

 After agriculture, industry is the largest user of water for

development, consuming 5-10% of global water withdrawals.

 The largest industrial consumers of water are thermal power,

iron and steel, paper production, textiles, and petrochemical
industry.

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
54

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
55

Optimization of water use in industry can:

 Lower water withdrawals from local water sources thus increasing
water availability and improving community relations;
 Increasing productivity per water input;
 Lowering waste water discharges and their pollutant load;
 Reducing thermal energy consumption and potentially processing cost.

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
56
The three R’s

R educe R
euse (directly) R
ecycle (treat & reuse)

Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
57

https://iwa-network.org/ Dr. Noha Mostafa

Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
58

Reduce water consumption in industry

Behavioural Changes Operational Changes

•Change routines •Overthink processes
Make them more water-efficient
•Educate Employees

Modify Equipment
•Replace equipment
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
59

Reuse water within business

• Water cooling towers • Process rinse water

• Transportation of materials • Crate and pallet washing
• Air purifiers • Hardstand and vehicle
• Washing floors washing
• Sanitary fixtures (toilet flushing, • Industrial fire protection
etc.) • pH adjustment
• Irrigation • Dust suppression
• Running polishing and • Dying and finishing textiles
calibrating equipment
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
60

Recycle waste water

Point of use Point of use

Treatment
Dr. Noha Mostafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
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Reuse water between business

Dr. Noha Mostafa

https://iwa-network.org/kalundborg-forsyning-kalundborg-utility/
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management
62

Green Manufacturing

Dr. Noha Mostafa

https://www.industr.com/en/sustainable-manufacturing-principles-applications-and-directions-2333598
Mechanical Engineering Department
Operations Research & Management

THANKS!
Any questions?
You can find me at
Noha.Mostafa@bue.edu.eg