K2-72e

Coordinates: 22h 18m 29.27s, −09° 36′ 44.6″

K2-72e (also known by its EPIC designation EPIC

206209135.04), is a confirmed exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting
K2-72e
within the habitable zone of the red dwarf star K2-72, the
outermost of four such planets discovered in the system by
NASA's Kepler spacecraft on its "Second Light" mission. It is
located about 217.1 light-years (66.56 parsecs, or nearly
2.0538 × 1015 km) away from Earth in the constellation of
Aquarius. The exoplanet was found by using the transit method, in
which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front Size comparison between K2-72e
of its star is measured. (left) and the Earth.
Discovery
Characteristics Discovery site Kepler Space
Observatory
Discovery date July 18, 2016[1]
Mass, radius, and temperature
Detection Transit
method
K2-72e is an Earth-sized exoplanet, meaning it has a mass and
radius close to that of Earth. It has an equilibrium temperature of Orbital characteristics
261 K (−12 °C; 10 °F). It has a radius of 1.29 R🜨.,[1] and a mass Semi-major axis 0.106 +0.009[1] AU
−0.013
of 2.2 MEarth , depending on its composition.[2] +0.199
Eccentricity 0.110 −0.087[1]
Orbital period 24.159
Host star (sidereal) ± 0.004[1] d

The planet orbits a (M-type) red dwarf star named K2-72, orbited Star K2-72
by a total of four planets, of which K2-72e has the longest orbital Physical characteristics
period. The star has a mass of 0.27 M☉ and a radius of 0.33 R☉ . It +0.14
Mean radius 1.29 −0.13[1] R🜨
has a temperature of 3360 K and its age is unknown. In
comparison, the Sun is 4.6 billion years old[3] and has a surface Mass ~2.21[2] MEarth
temperature of 5778 K.[4] Temperature 261.15 K
(−12.00 °C;
The star's apparent magnitude, or how bright it appears from
10.40 °F)[2]
Earth's perspective, is 15.309. Therefore, it is too dim to be seen
with the naked eye and can only be observed with a telescope.

Orbit

K2-72e orbits its host star with an orbital period of 24 days and an orbital radius of about 0.1 times that of
Earth's (compared to the distance of Mercury from the Sun, which is about 0.38 AU).

Habitability
The exoplanet, along with K2-72c, were announced to be orbiting in the habitable zone of its parent star,
the region where, with the correct conditions and atmospheric properties, liquid water may exist on the
surface of the planet. K2-72e has a radius of 1.29 R🜨, so it is likely rocky. Its host star is a red dwarf, with
about a fifth as much mass than the Sun does. As a result, stars like K2-72 have the ability to live up to 1–2
trillion years, hundreds of times longer than the Sun will live.[5]

The planet is very likely tidally locked, with one side of its hemisphere permanently facing towards the star,
while the opposite side shrouded in eternal darkness.

It receives 11% more insolation than Earth does, so any oceans present are potentially vulnerable to boiling
away, therefore possibly reducing the chance of habitability.

Discovery
The planet, along with the other three planets in the K2-72 system, were announced in mid-July 2016 as
part of the new results from the second mission of the Kepler spacecraft.

See also
List of potentially habitable exoplanets

References
1. "NASA Exoplanet Archive" (http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOvervie
w/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=K2-72+e). NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. 14 October
2020. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
2. "PHL's Exoplanets Catalog" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190521010035/http://phl.upr.ed
u/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data/database). PHL's Exoplanets Catalog -
Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo (University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo).
Archived from the original (https://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data/dat
abase) on 2019-05-21. Retrieved 2016-08-30. Orbit graphic with a table of simplified figures
(https://www.hpcf.upr.edu/~abel/phl/hec2/splots/plot_K2-72.png)
3. Fraser Cain (16 September 2008). "How Old is the Sun?" (http://www.universetoday.com/18
237/how-old-is-the-sun/). Universe Today. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
4. Fraser Cain (15 September 2008). "Temperature of the Sun" (http://www.universetoday.com/
18092/temperature-of-the-sun/). Universe Today. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
5. Adams, F. C.; P. Bodenheimer; G. Laughlin (2005). "M dwarfs: planet formation and long
term evolution" (https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fasna.200510440). Astronomische Nachrichten.
326 (10): 913–919. Bibcode:2005AN....326..913A (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005A
N....326..913A). doi:10.1002/asna.200510440 (https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fasna.200510440).

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