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Module 07 - The Study of Culture

Module 07
The Study of Culture

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and
behavior is known as
A. culture.
B. society.
C. socialization.
D. social structure.

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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Type: Definition

2. A society is
A. the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior.
B. a fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of
people outside it, and participate in a common culture.
C. the norms, values, and beliefs of a large group of people.
D. All these answers are correct.

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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Type: Definition

7-1
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Module 07 - The Study of Culture

3. A society
A. is a dependent group that owes allegiance to a larger group.
B. is the largest form of human group.
C. contains several different cultures.
D. contains one subculture and many cultures.

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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Type: Information

4. Which of the following individuals is associated with the concept of the culture industry?
A. Karl Marx
B. Theodor Adorno
C. Robert Merton
D. W. E. B. DuBois

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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Type: Information

5. General customs and practices that are found in every culture are called
A. cultural integration.
B. cultural diffusion.
C. cultural universals.
D. cultural relativism.

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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Type: Definition

7-2
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Module 07 - The Study of Culture

6. In his research, George Murdock determined which of the following to be a cultural

universal?
A. war
B. astronomy
C. funeral ceremonies
D. All these answers are correct.

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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Type: Information

7. Which of the following is considered a cultural universal?

A. athletic sports
B. war
C. money restrictions
D. None of these answers is correct.

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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Type: Application-Concept

8. The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are
superior to all others is called
A. culture shock.
B. cultural relativism.
C. ethnocentrism.
D. value stability.

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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Ethnocentrism
Type: Definition

7-3
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Module 07 - The Study of Culture

9. The concept of ethnocentrism was originally formulated by

A. Seymour Martin Lipset.
B. W. I. Thomas.
C. William F. Ogburn.
D. William Graham Sumner.

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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Ethnocentrism
Type: Sociologists

10. An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate covered crickets. She
expresses disgust to her traveling companions. She is exhibiting
A. xenocentrism.
B. ethnocentrism.
C. cultural relativism.
D. monophobicism.

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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Ethnocentrism
Type: Application-Concept

11. An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate covered crickets. While
she does not partake herself, she does not judge the practice. She is exhibiting
A. xenocentrism.
B. ethnocentrism.
C. cultural relativism.
D. monophobicism.

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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Cultural relativism
Type: Application-Concept

7-4
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Module 07 - The Study of Culture

12. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent
the norm or are superior to all others. Therefore, ethnocentrism fosters cohesion in a group.
This observation would best reflect which sociological perspective?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective

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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Ethnocentrism
Topic: Sociological perspectives
Type: Application-Perspective

13. A U.S. sociologist receives a grant to study racial and religious prejudice among the
people of southeast Asia. The sociologist makes a serious and unbiased effort to evaluate the
norms, values, and customs of these groups in light of the distinctive cultures of which they
are a part. This is an example of
A. xenocentrism.
B. ethnocentrism.
C. cultural relativism.
D. cultural deconstruction.

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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Cultural relativism
Type: Application-Concept

14. Which of the following concepts employs the kind of value neutrality in scientific study
that Max Weber saw as being so important?
A. xenocentrism
B. cultural integration
C. cultural relativism
D. ethnocentrism

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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Cultural relativism
Type: Information

7-5
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Module 07 - The Study of Culture

15. Sociobiology is the systematic study of

A. the social structure within the animal kingdom.
B. the interactions between humans and higher animal forms.
C. the social bases of biological behavior.
D. how biology affects human social behavior.

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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Illustrate the differences between sociobiological and sociological cultural explanations of human social behavior.
Topic: Sociobiology
Type: Definition

True / False Questions

16. A primitive tribe that cultivates the soil by hand has much more culture than a modern,
computerized society.
FALSE

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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture

17. Kissing is an example of a cultural universal.

FALSE

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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture

18. Funerals are found in every culture and thus are a cultural universal.
TRUE

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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture

7-6
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Module 07 - The Study of Culture

19. Viewing people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture is known as cultural
relativism.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Cultural relativism

20. Sociobiology is founded on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Illustrate the differences between sociobiological and sociological cultural explanations of human social behavior.
Topic: Sociobiology

Essay Questions

21. Define the term culture and describe how members of society seek to preserve it. Identify
the various cultural universals as suggested by George Murdock's list of cultural universals.

Answers will vary

Bloom's: Analyze
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture

22. Define the term ethnocentrism and discuss why functionalists and conflict theorists
disagree over the utility of ethnocentrism.

Answers will vary

Bloom's: Analyze
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Ethnocentrism

7-7
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