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    The document summarizes a collection of scientific pedagogical works presented at Sokhumi State University in 2010. It discusses problems in education such as lack of discipline, motivation, and deficiencies in upbringing. The collection aims to help teachers, students, parents and other interested parties address issues in the pedagogical process. It contains works from the university's Scientific-Educational Institute of Education which studies problems in education and ways to improve pedagogical theory and practice.

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    The document summarizes a collection of scientific pedagogical works presented at Sokhumi State University in 2010. It discusses problems in education such as lack of discipline, motivation, and deficiencies in upbringing. The collection aims to help teachers, students, parents and other interested parties address issues in the pedagogical process. It contains works from the university's Scientific-Educational Institute of Education which studies problems in education and ways to improve pedagogical theory and practice.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1 views136 pages

    805 Compressed

    Uploaded by

    T T
    The document summarizes a collection of scientific pedagogical works presented at Sokhumi State University in 2010. It discusses problems in education such as lack of discipline, motivation, and deficiencies in upbringing. The collection aims to help teachers, students, parents and other interested parties address issues in the pedagogical process. It contains works from the university's Scientific-Educational Institute of Education which studies problems in education and ways to improve pedagogical theory and practice.

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    of 136

    soxumis saxelmwifo univeristeti

    ganaTlebis samecniero-kvleviTi instituti

    mecniereba da skola

    samecniero pedagogiuri
    Sromebis krebuli

    Tbilisi 2010
    1
    UDC: 37.01
    m-621

    winamdebare samecniero pedagogiuri Sromebis krebuli


    ,,mecniereba da skola“ exeba pedagogikuri Teoriisa da
    praqtikis urTierTganpirebulobis aqtualur sakiTxebs.
    aRzrdaSi arsebul mwvave problemebs: Sedegebs, mizezebsa
    da gamosavlis Ziebas. warmodgenili Sromebi mosmenilia
    2010 wels, soxumis saxelmwifo universitetSi pedagogiur
    seminarebsa da samecniero konferenciebze.
    krebuli gankuTvnilia pedagogiuri sazogadoebis mec-
    nier - mkvlevarebis, studentebis, mSoblebisa da pedagogi-
    uri problemebiT dainteresebul mkiTxvelTaTvis.

    redaqtori: pedagogikur mecnierebaTa doqtori


    profesori gulnaz xuxua

    recenzetebi: pedagogikur mecnierebaTa doqtori


    sruli profesori jemal jinjixaZe

    pedagogikis doqtori, asocirebuli


    profesori oTar vaxania

    pedagogikis doqtori, asocirebuli


    profesori levan jinjixaZe

    ISSN 1987-846X
    Strix kodi 9771987846004

    © soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti, 2010

    2
    SOKHUMI STATE UNIVERSITY
    SCIENTIFIC-EDUCATION INSTITUTE OF
    EDUCATION

    SCIENCE AND SCHOOL

    SCIENTIFIC PEDAGOGICAL
    WORKS COLLECTION

    Tbilisi – 2010
    3
    UDC: 37.01
    E-621

    ISSN 1987-846X
    9771987846004

    The given Scientific Pedagogical Works Collection “Science and School”


    is about the actual questions of interdependence of pedagogical theory and
    practice. Problems existed in upbringing: results, reasons and searching for
    solving a problem. The works given in the collection have been listened
    at the pedagogical seminaries and scientific conferences at Sokhumi State
    University in 2010.
    The collection belongs to the scientists-researchers, to the readers
    interested in pedagogical society, students and parents.

    Editor: Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences


    Professor Gulnaz Khukhua

    Reviewers: Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences,


    Full Professor Jemal Jinjikhadze

    Doctor of Pedagogics,
    Associate Professor Otar Vakhania

    Doctor of Pedagogics,
    Associate Professor Levan Jinjikhadze

    © Sokhumi State University, 2010

    4
    winauwyeba

    2009 wlis dekembers dafuZnebul iqna soxumis


    saxelmwifo universitetSi ganaTlebis samecniero-
    kvleviTi instituti (SemdegSi gski), romelmac gza
    gauxsna universitetis struqturul srulyofas, mi-
    zanmimarTul pedagogiur - kvleviTi saqmianobis
    gaaqtiureba-gafarToebas, pedagogikuri mecniere-
    bisa da skolis erTian sivrceSi moqcevas, mecnier-
    mkvlevarTa da praqtikos maswavlebelTa TanamS-
    romlobas. amave mimarTulebis iakob gogebaSvilis
    saxelobis saqarTvelos erovnuli pedagogikuri
    mecnierebis kvleviTi institutis pedagogikis kla-
    sikosTa umdidresi, saukunovani gamocdilebis da
    saerTaSoriso miRwevebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
    dRes, rogorc statistikuri monacemebidan irk-
    veva, mTel msoflioSi da maT Soris saqarTve-
    loSic moswavle - axalgazrdobaSi aSkarad Tavi
    iCina pedagogiur da zneobrivma problemebma. saxe-
    zea akademiur - pedagogiuri CamorCeniloba, aso-
    cialur-antisocialuroba. msoflios mecnierebi:
    pedagogikosebi, fsiqologebi, filosofosebi ikv-
    leven arsebuli problemis Sedegebs, mizezebs da
    eZeben gamosavals. saWiroa am miRweulis siRrmi-
    seulad gaazreba - gacnobiereba. droisa da adgi-
    lis specifikur TaviseburebebTan SesabamisobaSi
    moyvana, aRzrdisadmi tradiciuli midgomebis ga-
    dasinjva-ganaxleba. swored amis mcdelobaa Cveni

    5
    institutis saqmianoba, romelSic CarTuli arian
    ZiriTadad institutis TanamSromlebi, aseve ganaT-
    lebis fakultetis profesor-maswavleblebi da
    studentebi. institutisNnaxevarwliani samecniero-
    kvleviTi muSaobis Sedegebi sistemurad da Tanmim-
    devrulad ganixileboda ganaTlebis fakultetze
    gegmiur seminarebsa da samecniero konferenciebze.
    informaciebi qveyndeboda universitetis gazeTSi.
    amjerad SevecadeT kvleviT mopovebuli da yo-
    velTviur seminarebsa da samecniero konferenciaze
    ganxiluli masalebis gamocema samecniero pedago-
    giuri Sromebis krebulis saxiT.
    winamdebare krebulis mimarT yvela samarTlian
    SeniSvnasa da kompetentur rCevebs didi pativisce-
    miT gaviTvaliswinebT momdevno nomerSi.

    redaqtori

    6
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis ganaTlebis
    samecniero-kvleviTi institutis
    mTavar mecnier-TanamSromeli
    pedagogikuri mecnierebis doqtori, profesori
    gulnaz xuxua

    pedagogikur cnebiTi-terminologiuri sistemis


    SemecnebiTi mniSvneloba maswavleblis
    profesiul saqmianobaSi

    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetSi ganaTlebis sa-


    mecniero-kvleviTi institutis dafuZnebam gza gauxs-
    na universitetis struqturul srulyofas, pedago-
    gikis mecnierebis Tavis uflebebSi aRdgenas. Seiqm-
    na safuZveli im vakuumis amovsebisa, rac mohyva sa-
    qarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis daxurvas, umaRles
    saswavleblebSi dargobrivi kaTedrebis gauqmebas da
    saukunovani samecniero kvleviTi institutebis Se-
    sustebas, ramac yvelaze metad daazarala adamianTa
    modgmis pirveli, permanentuli da sayovelTao, adami-
    anis srulfasovan pirovnebad formirebis erTaderTi,
    Seucvleli mecniereba - pedagogika da misi kvle-
    vis obieqti - aRsazrdeli. amas mowmobs bolodro-
    indeli statistikuri monacemebi arasrulwlovanTa
    mier samarTaldarRvevis, akademiuri CamorCenilobis
    da zneobrivi normebis ugulvebelyofis mravalric-
    xovani faqtebi. magaliTad, moswavleTa 336 sisxlis
    samarTlis danaSauli, saidanac 16 mkvlelobaa. bolo
    adgili ganaTlebis donis mixedviT, romelic aCvena
    saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier 17 qveyanaSi Cata-
    rebulma pedagogiurma gamoklevebma skolebSi, da, rac
    yvelaze damafiqrebelia, skolaSi mandaturebis Seyva-
    nis faqti. maswavlebelTa mimdinare sertificirebis
    Sedegebi, romelmac gamoavlina maTi pedagogiuri kva-

    7
    lifikaciis dabali done.
    ganaTlebis samecniero-kvleviTi instituti (Sem-
    degSi gski) Tavisi kompetenciebidan gamomdinare, iZle-
    va saSualebas, sanam ucxoeli Seityobs, Cven TviTonve
    SeviswavloT Cvens ganaTlebis sistemaSi arsebuli
    problemebi da vi povoT optimaluri gamosavali ero-
    vnuli da zogadkacobriul pedagogiuri miRwevebis
    SemoqmedebiTad aTviseba-gamoyenebis safuZvelze ad-
    gilobrivi specifikurobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
    visargebleT ra am didebuli SesaZleblobiT,
    gski-is dafuZnebisTanave daviwyeT pedagogiuri pro-
    blemebis Seswavla realur sinamdvileSi. gegmiuri
    pedagogiuri kvleva CavatareT Tbilisis ramdenime
    skolaSi saskolo praqtikis realuri mdgomareobis,
    warmatebisa da xarvezebis dadgenis mizniT. Kkonkre-
    tulad, Tu ra problemebs awydebian maswavleblebi
    moswavleebTan saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiT procesSi da
    ra pedagogiuri saSualebebiT axdenen mis gadaWras.
    gamoviyeneT diagnostikur-pedagogiuri kvlevis ram-
    denime meTodi: saubari da anketuri gamokiTxva te-
    sturi, Ria da daxuruli kiTxvebiT. Mmopovebuli ma-
    salebis analizma aCvena Semdegi suraTi: gamokiTxul
    maswavlebelTa (sul 202) 80% -ze mets problema aqvs
    cnebiT-terminologiur sistemasTan. Ees ki niSnavs se-
    riozul problemas pedagogiuri procesis mecnierul
    safuZvelze organizebasa da warmarTvaSi.
    pirvel kiTxvaze: ra problemebs awydebiT moswav-
    leebTan saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiT procesSi, saerTod,
    da kerZod, Tqveni sagnis swavlebisas?
    maT upasuxes: ,,kabinetis klasiT
    dakaveba,“ä,,disci plina,“ ,,saxelmZRvaneloebis defi-
    citi,“ ,,saswavlo nivTebis siZvire,“ ,,saswavlo moti-
    vis uqonloba,“ ,,bavSvis dabali done,“ ,,uinteresoba,“
    ,,gonebagafantuloba,“ ,,saxelmZRvaneloebi gaugebar

    8
    enazea dawerili,“ ,,mSobelTa uyuradReboba,“ ,,sizar-
    mace,“ ,,qcevis problemebi,“ ,,kabineturi sistemis moS-
    la,“ ,,Sefasebis niSnis gamoyvana ar mimaCnia sworad,“
    ,,darRveulia swavlebis sistematurobis princi pi,“
    ,,iZulebiTi swavla,“ ,,swavlis survili ara aqvT,“ ,,ma-
    Tematika ar ainteresebT“ da a. S. (stili daculia).
    aq motanili magaliTebidan naTlad Cans skolis
    materialuri, organizaciuli, eTikuri, pedagogiuri,
    fsiqologiuri, profesiuli problemebi. Mmagram
    gansakuTrebiT Cveni yuradReba miiqcia maswavleblis
    logikur-meTodologiur kulturis, kerZod, pedagogi-
    kis cnebiTi-terminologiuri sistemasTan dakavSire-
    bulma problemebma. maswavlebelTa didi nawili ver
    axerxebs pedagogiuri movlenebis problematurobis
    donis mixedviT gansazRvras da pedagogiur katego-
    riebSi gadatanas, ifargleba subieqturi mosazrebebi-
    Ta da SiSveli praqticizmis safuZvelze maTi Sefa-
    sebebiT.
    am Sefasebas kidev ufro amyarebs meore kiTxvis
    - ,,ra Tanamedrove pedagogiur teqnologiebs
    iyenebT moswavleebTan urTierTobisa da saswavlo-
    aRmzrdelobiT procesSi? - pasuxebi, romelSic
    gamokiTxulTa 87% asaxelebs kompiuters, internets,
    plakatebs, proeqtors, informaciul-sakomunikacio
    teqnologiebs, eqskursiebs, disputebs, jgufur da
    wyvilur mecadineobebs, testirebas, interaqtiur,
    koleqtiurPZiebiT meTodebs da a. S.
    rogorc vxedavT, am pasuxebis avtorebi swavlebis
    teqnikur saSualebebs, pedagogiur formebs, meTodebsa
    da pedagogiur teqnologiebs Soris gansxvavebas ver
    xedaven, radgan ,,pedagogiuri teqnologiebis” cnebebSi
    ver erkvevian.
    aseve maT nawerebSi naxavT gaurkvevel (magaliTad.,
    ,,socialuri konstruqcivizmis meTodiT”) da

    9
    abstraqtul pasuxebs (,,viyeneb yvela Tanamedrove
    meTods, romelic aviTarebs socialur unarebs”). roca
    saubrebSi SevatyveT, rom pedagogiuri teqnologiebis
    cneba arc ise naTlad hqondaT warmodgenili,davusviT
    tradiciuli kiTxva:
    - ra pedagogiuri kanonebiT, princi pebiTa da me-
    TodebiT cdilobT Tqvens mier dasaxelebuli prob-
    lemebis mogvarebas?
    am kiTxvaze miviReT Semdegi pasuxebi:
    - ,,viyeneb damatebiT mecadineobas;” ,,mivmarTav
    fsiqologs;” ,,vcdilob davaintereso moswavleebi
    da mimyavs eqskursiebze;” ,,saubrebiT; ,,darigebiT
    da damoZRvrebiT;” ,,jgufuri muSaobiT;” ,,fsiqolo-
    giuri kvleviT;” ,,vexmarebi fsiqologiurad, cota
    mkacradac;” ,,ganmartebiT da TvalsaCinoebiT;” ,,Tan-
    amSromlobiT;” ,,vixmarieb fsiqologs;” ,,Segnebulo-
    bis princi piT;” ,,waxalisebiT da TanamSromlobiT;”
    ,,teqnikuri saSualebebis gaumjobesebiT;” ,,gakveTili
    davukavSiro cxovrebiseul magaliTebs;” ,,ganxilvas;”
    ,,Teoriuli codnis praqtikuli gamoyenebiT, raTa sax-
    aliso gaxdes damatebiTi mecadineoba;” ,,mSoblebTan
    gasaubrebiT;” ,,proeqtebze orientirebuli swavliT”
    da a. S. (stili daculia). Kkolosel misansac ki gau-
    Wirdeboda zogierTi pasuxis gageba, magram umjobesia
    moTminebiT mivyveT saqmes.
    rogorc vxedavT,am pasuxebSi pedagogiuri kanonebis
    xsenebac ki ar aris. pedagogiuri kanonebis gareSe
    ki saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesi stiqiur-
    instiqtebis doneze rCeba da ganwirulia marcxisTvis.
    amitom Tqva germanuli pedagogikis klasikosma
    adolf distervegma: ,,pedagogiuri kanonebis
    ucodinaroba utifrobaa, xolo misi gamouyenebloba
    barbarosobao.”
    rac Seexeba pedagogiur princi pebs, zogierT maT-

    10
    gans amoicnobT alag-alag. magaliTad: Segnebulobis
    princi pi, TvalsaCinoebis princi pi, TanamSromlobis
    princi pi, swavlebis cxovrebasTan dakavSirebis prin-
    ci pi, Teoriisa da praqtikis erTianobis princi pi, ma-
    gram aramecnierul enaze, rac kargad Cans dedanSi
    erTis gamoklebiT. es ki imas niSnavs, rom gamokiTx-
    ulTa umravlesobas raRac instiqtis doneze zerele
    warmodgena aqvT pedagogikis Teoriisa da praqtikis
    Zireul sakiTxebze. rogorc cnobilia, pedagogiuri
    princi pebi pedagogiuri kanonebiTa da pedagogiuri
    mizniT aris ganpirobebuli da maswavleblisTvis as-
    rulebs maorientirebel funqcias, xels uwyobs sas-
    wavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesis sworad, mecnierul
    doneze gamarTvasa da warmarTvas, moswavleebTan
    urTierTobis daregulirebas, roca misi arsi mTeli
    siRrme-siganiT aris gacnobierebuli.
    pedagogiur meTodebTan dakavSirebiT SedarebiT
    meti ganaTlebuloba gamoavlines. Tumca kvleviT mop-
    ovebul masalebSi ufro metad figurirebs pedago-
    giuri zemoqmedebisa da mastimulirebeli meTodebi.
    rogoricaa: saubari, daintereseba, darigeba, damoZ-
    Rvra, axsna-ganmarteba, waxaliseba. sakuTriv swavleb-
    is meTodebi: akromatikuli, eroTematikuli, praqti-
    kul-laboratoriuli, wignze muSaobis meTodebi da
    xerxebi, TiTqmis aravis ar dausaxelebia.
    ver vityviT, rom Cvens mier Catarebuli pedagogi-
    uri kvleva srulad asaxavs Cveni qveynis saskolo
    cxovrebas, maswavlebelTa kompetenturobas, magram
    vfiqrobT, warmodgenili masalebi iZleva garkveul
    warmodgenas pedagogiur-profesiuli, meTododlogi-
    uri, organizaciuli, materialuri, zneobriv-inteleq-
    tualuri problemebis Sesaxeb. marTalia, Cven mx-
    olod 202 maswavleblis gamokiTxva movaxerxeT 70
    aTasi maswavleblidan, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom

    11
    mxolod gamokiTxuli maswavleblebi moikoWleben
    pedagogikaSi, danarCeni ki idealurebi arian. Aadvili
    warmosadgenia, rom Tu dedaqalaqSi gamokiTxuli 202
    maswavlebelidan 80%-ze meti ver akmayofilebs mas-
    wavleblis sayovelTaod dadgenil profesiul stan-
    dartebs, saqarTvelos axlo da Sor regionebSi ver
    iqneba ukeTesi viTareba.
    pedagogikis mecnierebaSi dadgenilia, rom cnebiTi-
    terminologiuri azrovnebis defifiti qmnis Zalze
    seriozul problemebs ganaTlebis nebismier sistema-
    Si, magram es xarvezi gansakuTrebiT sazianoa zogad-
    saganmanaTleblo saswavleblebSi, radgan swored, aq
    eyreba safuZveli gonebrivad, zneobrivad, sulierad,
    esTetikurad da fizikurad Camoyalibebuli, srul-
    fasovani pirovnebis formirebas. axla warmoidgineT
    202 maswavlebels ramden moswavlesTan aqvs saqme Tav-
    isi pedagogiuri muSaobis ganmavlobaSi, da, maSinaTve
    gacnobierdeba, Tu ra Sedegebs unda velodoT.
    axla vimsjeloT imaze, kerZod, ra Teoriuli da
    praqtikuli ziani moaqvs cnebiTi-terminologiuri
    azrovnebis deficits ganaTlebis sistemaSi. rogorc
    cnobilia, pedagogikuri terminologia gansazRvravs
    am mecnierebis arss, mis sagans, obieqts, sazRvrebsa da
    funqciebs. mecniereba obieqtur wesebs, kanonebsa da
    princi pebs iRebs realuri sinamdvilidan da azrovne-
    baSi gadaaqvs cnebebis, kategoriebisa da terminolo-
    giebis saxiT. amitom amboben, rom mecniereba cnebiTi
    azrovneba ariso. pedagogiuri azrovneba swored ped-
    agogikur cnebiT-terminologiebs efuZneba. maswavle-
    beli, romelic ver flobs am codnas, mas ar ZaluZs
    pedagogiuri movlenebisa da faqtebis, pedagogiuri
    situaciebis mecnierul enaze gadatana, rac zRudavs
    usazRvro pedagogiur SesaZleblobas, isargeblos
    pedagogikuri mecnierebiT.

    12
    pedagogikuri cnebiTi-terminologiuri defici-
    ti aseve asaxvas poulobs iseT ucvlel sakomunika-
    cio saSualebaze, rogoricaa metyvelebis kultura,
    romelic udides gavlenas axdens msmenelze. rogorc
    cnobilia, Semecnebis didi procenti, mxedvelobis Sem-
    deg, smeniT Segrnebaze modis.roca maswavlebeli ver
    flobs profesiul terminologias, misi metyveleba
    mdabiuri, mwiri, ara esTetikuri da ara efeqturia.
    dabla wevs maswavleblis avtoritets. arada, rogorc
    cnobilia, avtoritetuli maswavleblis sityvas ki
    kanonis Zala aqvs moswavleTaTvis.
    marTalia, ar arsebobs universaluri pedagogi-
    uri receptebi, magram arsebobs pedagogiuri kanonebi,
    princi pebi, meTodebi, formebi, xerxebi da saSualebebi;
    msgavs pedagogiur faqtebze, movlenebze, situaciebze
    aris mza pedagogiuri gadawyvetilebebi, daskvnebi, re-
    komendaciebi, romelTa SemoqmedebiTad aTviseba da
    analogiur pedagogiur situaciis Sesatyvisad gamoy-
    eneba uzrunvelyofs pedagogiuri Sromis mecnierul
    organizacias misi optimizaciisa da intensifikaciis
    safuZvelze, rac gulisxmobs pedagogiuri situacie-
    bis garemoebebis (drois, adgilis, viTarebis, pirobebis,
    mxareebis), Sinaarsis (saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi, urT-
    ierTobiTi, komunikaciuri, informaciuli), problema-
    turobis donis (standartuli, problemuri, eqstre-
    maluri, konfliqturi) da a. S. mixedviT klasifikaciis
    codnasa da praqtikul pedagogiuri unar-Cvevebis aT-
    visebas.
    aseve jer kidev problematuria maswvlebelTa um-
    ravlesobisTvis ,,Tanamedrove pedagogiuri teqnolo-
    giebis” cneba. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, is Zalian
    xSirad eSlebaT swavlebis teqnikur saSualebebTan,
    an kidev hgoniaT raRac ganyenebuli erTeuli an peda-
    gogiuri formebis, an meTodebisa da a. S. rasac xels

    13
    uSlis pedagogikuri cnebiTi terminologiebis aras-
    akmarisi codna.
    maSasadame, Cvens mier Catarebuli diagnostikur
    pedagogiuri kvlevis Sedegebi iZleva saSualebas Sem-
    degi pedagogikuri daskvna-rekomendaciebis gakeTebi-
    sa:
    1. maswavlebelTa arasakmarisi kvalificiurobis er-
    TerTi mniSvnelovani mizezi aris pedagogikuri
    cnebiTi-terminologiuri codnis deficiti, rac
    iwvevs seriozul pedagogiur problemebs saswav-
    lo-aRmzrdelobiT procesSi;
    2. cnebiTi-terminologiuri problemis gadaWriT
    gadaiWreba am mizeziT gamowveuli saswavlo-
    aRmzrdelobiTi procesis problemebi;
    3. pedagogikuri cnebiTi-terminologiuri sistemis
    Segnebulad aTvisebisaTvis saWiroa masze orien-
    tirebuli specialur-intensiuri muSaoba leqcie-
    bze, seminarebsa da praqtikumebze, studentTa da
    profesor-maswavlebelTa samecniero konferencie-
    bze;
    4. praqtikos maswavlebelTaTvis ki am problematikaze
    specialuri seminarebis Catareba xels Seuwyobs
    maswavlebelTa meTodologiuri kulturis
    amaRlebasa da pedagogiuri Sromis efeqturobas.
    5. pedagogikuri cnebiTi-terminologiuri sistemis
    Sesaxeb saTanado codnis miRebas uzrunvelyofs Zir-
    iTad da damxamare literaturasTan erTad pedagogi-
    kuri sacnobaro literatura: ,,pedagogikis ZiriTad
    cnebaTa mokle ganmartebani”. Tb., 1987; pedagogikuri
    leqsikoni” 1-II tomi, m. WabaSvili, Tb., 1964; pedagogi-
    uri enciklopedia”, 1-IV tomi, m. 1964 da pedagogikis
    klasikosebis pedagogiuri memkvidreobani

    14
    gamoyenebuli literatura:

    1. Дистерверг А. Избранные педагогические сочинения. М.,


    1956
    2. Фостер В. Клаин, Джим Фей. Воспитание с любовью и
    логикой. М., 1995
    3. И. Кантор. Система педагогических терминологии. М.,
    1995
    4. pedagogiuri leqsikoni, m WabaSvili, 1-2 t. Tb.,
    1964.
    5. r. naTaZe, zogadi fsiqologia. Tb., 1956, gv. 74.
    6. d. uznaZe, eqsperimentuli pedagogikis Sesavali.
    quTaisi, 1912.

    Sukhumi State University


    Scientific-Research Institute of Education
    Meaning of Pedagogical Notion-terminological System
    in Teacher’s Professional Activities

    PProfessor Gulnaz Khukhua


    As a result of researches held in Tbilisi schools the problems of
    knowledge of pedagogical notion-terminological system have been
    revealed. 84% (202) of teachers who were interrogated could hardly
    make classification of pedagogical situations and transform it in
    scientific language.
    We have worked out the pedagogical recommendations which
    will support solving the problem. It is needed to work intensively
    mainly on additional and reference literature to study the pedagogical
    terminology.

    15
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis ganaTlebis
    samecniero-kvleviTi institutis
    mecnier-TanamSromeli,
    pedagogikis doqtori
    eduard Wanturia

    pirovnebis formirebis tradiciuli da


    Tanamedrove pedagogiuri infrastruqtura da
    teqnologiebi
    (mokle analizi)

    saxelmwifos ideologiurma gardaqmnam gamoiwvia


    saqarTvelos respublikis ganaTlebis sistemaSi re-
    formebis gatarebis aucilebloba, ramac moiTxova
    pedagogikis Teoriasa da saskolo praqtikisadmi ax-
    leburi midgoma, ganaTlebis saerTaSoriso standart-
    ebze sworeba. axali Tanamedrove ti pis pirovnebis
    formirebis problemam wamoiwia wina planze, rac
    gulisxmobs cvlilebebs saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiT
    sistemaSi, kerZod, ganaTlebis donis amaRlebis da
    informaciulobis gaZlierebas, ramac unda uzrun-
    velyos mecnieruli codna-gmocdilebisa da praqti-
    kuli unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba axlgazrdebSi, zneo-
    brivi formireba, damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis maTi
    momzadeba.
    aTeizmis artaxebSi momwyvdeuli sabWouri
    pedagogika mTlianad ugulvebelyofda sulier-
    religiur aRzrdas da emsaxureboda komunizmis
    mSeneblobas. Sesabamisad Seiqmna komunisturi
    zneobrivi princi pebi e.w. `komunizmis mSeneblobis
    moraluri kodeqsis~ saxiT.
    70-wliani rutinuli Sromis Sedegad aRniSnuli
    `kodeqsi~ iqca sabWoTa moqalaqis Segnebis nawilad;
    socializmis damxobis Semdeg didi dro dasWirda

    16
    mis fsiqikidan amoZirkvas.
    aTeizmidan TeologiaSi Semobrunebam gza gauxsna
    qristianuli moralis amoqmedebas. igi warmoadgens
    adamianis mTel garesamyarosTan da rac mTavaria
    RmerTTan urTierTobis SesaniSnav regulators.
    saqarTvelos respublikis ganaTlebis sistemis
    reformasTan dakavSirebiT mravalma mecnierebam, maT
    Soris pedagogikam miiRo saxecvlileba, rogorc
    ideologiur da Teoriul,aseve praqtikul-gamoyenebiT
    dargSi. amas mohyva uamravi ucxouri (dargobrivi)
    terminologiis SemoWra da praqtikaSi maTi danergva.
    bunebria ismis kiTxva: ram gamoiwvia aseTi cvlilebebi
    mecnierul sferoSi? ra Tqma unda, upirveles yovlisa
    saxelmwifos ideologiurma gardaqmnam (kerZod,
    sabWouri ideologiis Secvlam demokratiuli
    sawyisebis safuZvelebze) anu ideologiuri monizmis
    nacvlad dualizmis (gamomdinare pluralizmidan)
    danergvam yvela sferoSi. Ra Tqma unda, yvelaferi es
    ganapiroba Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso socialuri da
    mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis axalma moTxovnebma.
    aqedan gamomdinare,Tanamedrove pedagogikis proeqtebis
    Tanaxmad, romelic miRebulia mraval civilizebul-
    demokratiul qveyanaSi, erT-erTi upirvelesi sakiTxad
    rCeba adamianis pirovnebad formireba, romelic
    moiTxovs cvlilebebs saswavlo - aRmzrdelobiT
    dargSi da Sesabamisad ganaTlebis donis amaRlebas,
    informaciulobis gaZlierebas,rasac moyveba momavali
    Taobis mravalmxrivi momzadeba, codn-gamocdilebis,
    praqtikuli moqmedebis unar-Cvevebis SeZena da
    gamoyeneba profesiul da yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.
    pedagogikuri mecnierebis mTavari problema mu-
    dam iyo, aris da iqneba srulfasovani, Tavisuflad
    moazrovne, Sromisa da damoukidebeli cxovrebisaT-
    vis momzadebuli, sulierad mdidari da zneobrivad

    17
    Camoyalibebuli pirovnebis formireba. misi gonebrivi
    da fizikuri SesaZleblobebis sruli gamovlineba da
    ganviTareba. es ki, cxadia, moiTxovs maRalorganizebul,
    Sesatyvis socialur garemosa da pedagogiur pirobebs,
    materialur-teqnikur bazas,maRalkvalificiur pedago-
    giuri kadrebis momzadebas Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso
    standartebis Sesabamisad. mokled, mTeli pedagogiuri
    infrastuqturis Tanamedrove teqnologiebze agebas.
    mudmivi ganaxleba, kvlav warmoeba da moZraoba
    samyaros arsebobis wesia da am wesis orbitaSia
    moqceuli pedagogikac.
    amitom arc aris gasakviri, rom pedagogiuri mec-
    niereba sul ganaxlebaSia civilziaciis, saerTaSor-
    iso progresis mxardamxar, romlis safuZvels da
    Sedegsac Tavad warmoadgens. pedagoka, rogorc aRz-
    rdis mecniereba, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis moTxov-
    naTa Sesabamisad Tavad gansazRvravs aRzrdis miz-
    nebs, amocanebs princi pebs, meTodebs, formebs, momavali
    Taobis SeiaraRebas sistemuri codniTa da unar-Cveve-
    biT. ra Tqma unda, es rTuli da winaaRmdegobrivi
    procesia, romelzedac moqmedeben Sinagani da gargani
    pirobebi, subieqturi da obiqturi faqtorebi. G
    sabWoTa pedagogikis infrastruqturam gaiara
    Zalze Zneli da bevrjer miuRebeli (Tavis ideologi-
    aze morgebuli),pedagogiuri mimarTulebebi, dasavleT
    evropisa da aSS-s pedagogikuri mecnierebis klasiko-
    sebis (i.a. komuniusi, Jan-Jak rusos, i.g. pestolocis,
    i.f. herbarrtis, a. distervegis, jon lokisa, jon diu-
    sis, (`aRzrdis filosofiis Sesavali~, 1921), S. lutinis
    (`aRzdis evolucia~), 1907, p. natorpis (`socialuri ped-
    agogika~ 1911), v.a. lais, (`moqmedebis skola~, 1920); k.d.
    uSinskis, s.t. Sackis, p.p. blonskis, n. pirogovis, makaren-
    kos, suxomlinskis da sxvaTa pedagogiurma Teoriebis
    TviTneburad improvizirebam, burJuaziuli qveynebis

    18
    pedagogikis, rogorc ,,burJuaziuli mecnierebis” ofi-
    cialurma akrZalvam, Teoriuli swavlebis gaZliere-
    bam da praqtikuli mimzadebis zerelobam, klasikuri
    ganaTlebis sistemis gadaWarbebulma prioritetulo-
    bam ver gamoiRo sasurveli Sedegi. XX saukunis 50-ian
    wlebSi moxda sabWoTa ganaTlebis politeqnizacia,
    romelic daupirispirda aSS pragmatuli ganaTlebis
    sistemas, xolo dRevandelma saqarTvelos ganaTleb-
    is sistemis reorganizacia (reforma) moxda am ori
    mimarTulebis mTlianad `gadatrialeba,~ anu pragma-
    tizmis aRorZineba da klasikuri ganaTlebis ugul-
    velbelyofa anu praqtikuli sagnebis danergva Teo-
    riuli sagnebis umetesi nawilis ugulvelyofiT. Cve-
    ni azriT, arc pirvelis da arc meore mimarTulebebis
    ugulvebelyofa ar moitans dadebiT Sedegs, rdganac
    maTi Serwymis gareSe SuZlebelia momavali Taobis
    yovelmxriv momzadeba; sxva SemTxvevaSi miviRebT mx-
    olod Zalze viwro specializaciebs - profteqsas-
    wavleblebis msgavsad, es ki ver pasuxobs civilize-
    bul samyaroSi adamianis srulfasovan pirovnebad
    momzadebis Tanamedrove moTxovnebs.
    bunebrivad ismeba sakiTxi: ras warmoadgens adami-
    anis pirovnebad formirebis pedagogiuri infrastruq-
    turis Tanamedrove (Semotanili aSS ganaTlebis
    sistemidan) teqnologiebi?
    upirvels yovlisa, Cven vxvdebiT uamrav ucxo
    terminebs (sitvebsa da sityavTa marags), rc niSnavs
    inglisuri enis aucilebel codnas.
    aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi
    sabWoTa ganaTlebis sistemaSi iyo ucxo cnebebi (sx-
    vadasxva Teoriebisa da mimarTulebebis Seswavlisas),
    magram es iyo mxolod da mxolod (monizmze ageb-
    uli) `burJuaziluli Teoriebis kritikis saxiT~(?!)
    da araviTari sxva formiT (yovlad miuRebeli iyo

    19
    `samSoblos Ralatis doneze~, ganixileboda rogorc
    ideologiuri diversia (?~) disidentobis doneze (?!)
    meore mxriv, sabWoTa pedagogikis mecnierebis sa-
    fuZvlebi da masSi Semavali klasikosebi (da maTi
    moZRvrebebi, Teoriebi da a.S.) umetes SemTxvevaSi ibe-
    Wdeboda damaxinjebul formebSi; yvelaferi keTdebo-
    da (araavtorizebuli azrebiT da ideebiT) sabWouri
    ideologiis Sesatyvisad. warmoidgineTY pirovneba
    - ian amoskiomenski (Cvens garda mTels msoflio-
    Si iyo cnobili mxolod da mxolod - komeniusis
    saxelwodebiT da Zalze iSviaTad iwereboda an gam-
    oiTqmevoda es saxeli. CvenTan is iyo - ian amos ko-
    menski (?!) (1592-1676) gamoCenili pedagogi, aRmzrdeli
    da pedagogikis mecnierebis (didaqtikis) fuZemdebeli,
    moazrovne da humanisti. xolo Zalze gakvriT naTqva-
    mia, rom igi iyo `CexeTis Zmobis~ (protestantuli mim-
    devrobis saxelovani moazrovne) pastori (patriarqi
    Tu gind episkoposi, magram kaTolikebs moSorebuli)
    da Tanac mebrZoli (aramarto suliskveTebiT) CexeTis
    gaerTainebisaTvis dampyrobelTa winaaRmdeg, aramed
    xmlis Zalis gamoyenebiT. da mTeli misi moZRvreba
    gamsWvalulia RmerTis kurTxeviTa da vedrebiT, xolo
    Cvens pedagogiur literaturaSi is mogvevlina (isRa
    iyo, rom jibeSi ver Caudves `partiuli bileTi~) ko-
    munisturi ideebis matareblad... (sad mRvdeli da sad
    komunizmis mqadagebeli?!)... ix. d. lorTqifaniZis `ian
    amos komenski~ Tb. 1961 (Sedar. dedanSi).
    rac Seexeba iseT filosofiur mimarTulebas (si-
    tyvebs) sxvadasxva Teoriebs, mimdevrobas, rogoricaa
    pragatizmi, egzistencializmi, neoTomizmi, material-
    izmi da sxva, Tanamedrove etapze saqarTvelos peda-
    gogiuri mecniereba ganixilavs rogorc pedagogiuri
    ideologiuri mimarTulebis, aseve saswavlo procesis
    arsis, miznebis da teqnologiebis dadgenis saSuale-

    20
    bebas.
    amrigad, wina periodebTan SedarebiT am termine-
    bis mimarT qarTul pedagogiur mecnierebaSi sruli-
    ad saxeSecvlili midgoma sufevs, radganac meTod-
    ologiuri monizmi dReisTvis Seicvala dualizmis
    gamoyenebiT (am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ix. lit. da-
    narTSi XI). TandaTan Semodis gaxSirebuli ucxouri
    sityvaTa maragi, rac ganapiroba socialisturi bana-
    kis daSlis Semdeg aSS-s TaosnobiT msoflioSi er-
    Tiani saganmanaTleblo sivrcis Seqmnam. am procesma
    gardaqmna uamravi samecniero pedagogiuri terminebi,
    magaliTad TviT termini `pedagogika~ bevr dasavle-
    Tis qveynebSi Seicvala `ganaTlebiT~ (e.i. es sityva
    gaxda ufro farTo masStabisa da moculobis). amave
    dros TandaTan Semodis (gaxSirebiT) ucxouri (ing-
    lisuri) sityvebi da sityvaTa maragi, miuxedavad imisa,
    rom is diskusiis sagnad aris qceuli. karga xania
    pedagogiur mecnierebaSi TviT termini (sityva) `ped-
    agogika~ (romelic warmoqmnilia berZnulidan, rac
    niSnavs bavSvTa tarebas), saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi am
    terminma miiRo saxecvlileba da gamoiyeneba ufro
    farTo gagebiT, rogorc momavali Taobis swavlebis,
    ganaTlebisa da aRzrdis mecniereba. amave dros me-19
    da gansakuTrebiT me-20 ss. Semovida uamravi pedago-
    giuri terminebi, maT Soris: `pedologia~ (mecniereba
    bavSvTa fizikuri da fsiqikuri ganviTarebis Sesaxeb,
    pedagogikis mecnierebaSi Semavali aratradiciuli
    formis dasaxelebani: ,,pedgogiuri anTropologia”
    (aRmzrdelisa da aRsazrdelis, subieqtisa da obieq-
    tis urTierTobis process saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiT
    procesSi asakobrivi, socialuri pirovnuli, individ-
    ualuri sxvaobis aRweras), ,,androgogika (mozrdili
    adamianis aRzrda), `gerontogika~ (mesame asakis, anu
    xandazmulTa pedagogika), `pedagogia~ (pdagogikis

    21
    Teoriisa da praqtikis erTad aRebuli (Serwmulad),
    `panpedia~ (sayovelTavo ganaTleba da aRzrda) da
    sxva.
    bolo wlebSi dasavleTidan Semotanilia iseTi
    terminologiebi, romelnic amdidreben pedagogiur
    mecnierebas, rogoricaa: pedagogiuri infrastruqtura,
    pedagogiuri teqnologia, pedagogiuri proeqtireba
    da modelireba, pedagogiuri konstruireba, pedagogi-
    uri paradigma, pedagogiuri inovaciebi, pedagogiuri
    menejmenti da a.S.
    mokled gadavxedoT TiToeul maTgans, romelTa
    codna saWiroa ganTlebis sferoSi.
    1. ras warmoadgens adamianis,formirebis pedagogiuri
    infrastruqtura?
    termini `pdagogiuri infrastruqtura~ (laT-dan –
    infra qveviT, qveS, qvemoT da struqtura agebuleba,
    dawyeba, dalageba, ganlageba, adgilmdebareoba da sxva.
    mniSvnelobiT), Semotanilia pedagogiur mecnierebSi
    sxva mecnierebaTa dargebidan, maT Soris ekonomikis,
    teqnikuri codnis da socialur cxovrebis Semswav-
    lel dargebidan, romlebic uSualod uzrunvelyofen
    sawarmoo procesebs da sazogadoebis cxovelmoqmed
    pirobebs, e.i. es termini ganixileboda rogorc meur-
    neobis dargebis kompleqsi (gzatkecilebs, arxebs, wy-
    alsacavebis, xidebis, aerdargebis, rkinigzis trans-
    portis, kavSirgabmuloba da aS.) romelic emsaxureba
    samrewvelo da sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebas. es ter-
    mini ekonomikur literaturaSi gaCnda XXs. 40-iani ww.
    damlevs; rac Seexeba am terminis gadmotanas peda-
    gogiur mecnierebaSi gamoiwvia Semdegma garemoebebma.
    upirveles yovlisa, saxelmwifos ideologiurma sax-
    ecvlilebam moiTxova mTeli ganaTlebis struqturis
    Secvla (reformis saxiT), aman ki gamoiwvia ganaTlebis
    sistemis (masSi Semavali yvela struqturebis muSao-

    22
    bis gadasinjva), rac Tavis mxriv iqonia zemoqmedeba
    mecnierebis infrastruqturis saxecvlilebaze. e.i. es
    termini pedagogiuri mecnierebaSi Semovida mecniere-
    bis cxovrebasTan kavSiris moTxovnilebis zegavlen-
    iT, ramac gamoiwvia ganaTlebis sferoSi Semavali
    mecnierebis struqturizacia, sadac Zalze gaaxlebu-
    lad unda iyos gamosaxuli ganaTlebisaa da aRzrdis
    formebi, struqtura, princi pebi, meTodebi, princi pebi
    da a.S. romelic amdidrebs erTian pedagogiur pro-
    cess, swavlebisa da aRzrdis axlebur midgomas, rac
    iwvevs evropisebur ganaTlebis modelis aTvisebas. es
    imis niSania, rom miuxedavad dRevandeli saqarTvelos
    cxovelmoqmedebis urTules pirobebSi sazRvargare-
    Tis pedagogiuri informaciis nakadi mainc Zlierdeba,
    rac Tavis mxriv iwvevs pedagogiuri mecnierebis kv-
    levebis gamococxlebas.
    ismeba bunebrivi kiTxva - ras warmoadgens adami-
    anis formirebis pedagogiuri infrastrqutura? Tav-
    is cxovrebis manZilze adamiani viTardeba rogorc
    pirovneba, Seerwymeba Tavisi sazogadoebas kulturisa,
    da urTierT damokidebulebis sistemaSi da warmodge-
    ba pirovnebad. am termins fsiqologiisa da pedagogi-
    kis mecniereba xsnis rogorc Secnobisa da samyaros
    aqtiur gardaqmnels anu sazogadoebriv individums
    – subieqts, e.i. gonieri arseba, romelsac gaaCnia me-
    tyveleba da SromiTi moRvaweobis unari. konkretuli
    adamiani, mocemuli sazogadoebis wevri, xolo TviT
    sazogadoeba warmogvedgineba rogorc pirovnebis gan-
    viTarebis cxovelmyofeli piroba.
    pirovnebis ganviTarebis problemebs ganixilaven
    msoflios umetes qveynebSi rogorc ideologiasa
    da aRzrdis miznebTan dakavSirebuls. pirovneba xa-
    siaTdeba gansazRvruli (garkveuli) Sexedulebisa
    da damokidebulebis maCveneblebiT, sakuTari mor-

    23
    aluri moTxovnilebebiT, aqtiurobis doniT da sxva
    TvisebebiT, romelic lagdeba cxovrebis pirobebis
    kvalobaze. pirovneba ar SeiZleba iyos izolire-
    buli konkretul istoriul pirobebisagan, vinaidan
    is warmoadgens yvela sazogadoebariv damokidebule-
    baTa erTobliobas. amitom pedagogiuri mecniereba
    eyrdnoba ra filosofiis, fsiqologiis, socialuri,
    biologiuri da sxva mecnierebaTa monacemebs, igi
    pirovnebas gansazRvravs rogorc adamians Tavisi
    sakuTari socialur ganpirobulobiT, individualu-
    rad gamosaxuli Tvisebebis (Taviseburebani) mqone
    (inteleqtualuri, emociuri, religiuri, nebisyofiTi)
    pirovnebad. aqedan gamomdinare, pirovneba warmoadgens
    calkeul individualur pirovnebas, e.i. gmoirCeva sx-
    visgan iseTi TaviseburebiT:, rogoricaa: xasiaTi, tem-
    peramenti, inteleqti, emocionaloba d a.S. xolo imiT-
    vis, rom is gaxdes pirovneba, adamianma unda miaRwios
    fsiqikuri ganviTarebis gansazRvruli (garkveuli)
    dones aRzrda-ganaTlebisa da piradi gamocdileb-
    is saSualebiT. pirovnebis aqtiurobis ganapirobebs
    uamravi piradi da sazogadoebrivi moTxovnilebebi.
    magram misi ganviTarebis done damokidebulia imaze,
    Tu ramdenad aqvs mas normirebuli urTierToba ada-
    mianebTan da garemomcvel sinamdvilesTan, radgan pi-
    radi, subieqturi (moTxovnilebebi, azrovneba da a.S.)
    ganuyofelia obieqtur realobasTan da, saerTod, gare
    samyarosTan. swored adamianis formirebis pedago-
    giuri infrastruqturis Seswavla da praqtikulad
    gamoyeneba uxsnis sazogadoebas pirovnebis erTiani,
    mTliani ganviTarebis gzebs, rac mniSvnelovnad gan-
    pirobebulia Tanamedrove pedagogiuri teqnologieb-
    is optimalur gamoyenebaze. mokled gavecnoT Tu ras
    moicavs es kanoni.
    2. ra aris da ras moicavs pedagogiuri

    24
    teqnologia?
    es terminebi Sedgeba ramodenime berZnuli
    sityvisagan da niSnavs: peidagogos - aRmzrdeli, xolo
    TviT pedagogikis mecnierebis terminia - pedagogika e.i.
    mecniereba adamianis aRzrdisa da ganaTlebis Sesaxeb,
    romelic ikvlevs (xsnis) pirovnebis formirebis
    kanonzomierebebs.
    rac Seexeba teqnolgias, is Sedgeba ori berZnuli
    sityvisagan: tecne xelovneba, xeloba, ostatoba, mox-
    erxeba, unari, marjve da a.S. da logia-logos sityva,
    codna, swavleba, mecniereba da a.S., e.i. pedagogiuri
    teqnologia ganixilavs swavlebis, aRzrdisa da gan-
    viTarebis meTodebis erTobliobas, romlis meSveo-
    biT xdeba adamianis pirovnebis formireba. pedago-
    giuri mecnierebis disci plina, romelic Seiswavlis
    ganaTlebis meqanizmebs da sxva kanonzomierebs, rom-
    lebic moqmedeben swavla-ganaTlebisa da aRzrdis
    procesebSi da warmoadgenen zogadsaganmaTleblo
    progresis nawils.
    rogorc zemoT iTqva, pedagogiuri teqnologia
    warmoadgens pedagogiuri mecnierebis, e.i. swavla-
    ganaTlebisa da aRzrda-ganviTarebis meTodebis er-
    Tobliobas, romlis meSveobiT xdeba adamianis
    pirovnebis formireba.
    maSasadame, terminebi: pedagogiuri infrastruqtura
    da pedagogiuri teqnologiebi warmoadgenen pedagogi-
    kuri mecnierebis struqturul nawils, romelnic uz-
    runvelyofen pedagogiuri procesis mecnierul orga-
    nizacias da pedagogiuri procesis funqciuri miznis
    - yovelmxriv, harmoniulad ganviTarebuli Rirseuli
    moqalaqis aRzrdas.
    ganaTlebis teqnologiuri ruqa - es termini
    warmoadgens teqnologiuri dokumentaciis formas,
    romelSic asaxulia ganaTlebis mTeli procesi;

    25
    miTiTebulia swavla-ganaTlebisa da aRzrdis
    sistematiuri operaciebi da maTi Semadgeneli
    nawilebi, swavlebis masalebi, xerxebi, midgomebi da
    meTodebi. mowyobiloba (xelsawyoebebi); swavlis
    reJimi (procesi) da dro, romelic saWiroa ganaTlebis
    misaRebad mecnier-muSakTa, pedagog-maswavlebelTa,
    aRmzrdelTa da momuSave personalis kvalifikaciis
    (momzadebis) done asamaRleblad da a.S.

    gamoyenebuli literatura:

    1. naTela vasaZe. ganaTlebis axali paradigma da


    teqnologiebi. spma J. `moambe~ #2-3, Tb. 2000
    2. ciala gordeziani. pedagogiuri teqnologiebis
    Teoriuli analizi. Tb. 2005
    3. ciala gordeziani. teqnologizacia ganaTlebis
    ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi Tanamedrove tradi-
    cia. spma J. ,,moambe~, #4-5, Tb. 2002
    4. canava a., qelbaqiani v. ganaTlebis axali
    informaciuli teqnologiebi. J. `inteleqti~, #3.
    1999
    5. Аретанов М.Ж. Пидкасистый П.И., Хайдаров Ж. С. Проблемно-
    модульное обучение: вопросы теории технологии. Алма-Ата,
    «Мекстеп», 1990
    6. Атумов П.Р. Технологические основы современного
    образования. Педпгогика, №2, 1996
    7. Гоархаев Б.П. Новые аргументы в педагогических технологиях.
    «Школьные технологии». №4. 1997
    8. Бархаев Б.П. педагогические технологии воспитания и
    развития. «Школьные технологии». №1. 1998
    9. Беспалысо В.П. Слагаемые педагогической технологии, М.
    «Педагогика». 1989
    10. Беспалысо В.П. Педагогика и проссивные технологии обучения. М.,
    1995
    26
    11. Бордовский Г.И. Извочиеов В.А, Новые технологии обучения.
    «Педагогика», №5б
    12. Кариенко М.П. Помогайбин В.Н. 1993. К вопросу о становлении
    новой педагогической парадигмы и её техническом
    обеспечении. «Школьные технологии». №1-2. 1999.

    Sukhumi State University


    Scientific Research Institute of Education
    Doctor Eduard Chanturia

    Brief analysis of traditional and modern technologies of


    pedagogical
    infrastructure for formation of human personality

    In relation with educational system reform in the Republic of


    Georgia, numerous scientific fields, including pedagogy, experienced
    changes as in theoretical and ideological as in practical applicable
    aspects. This was followed by acquirement of many foreign (field
    specific) terminology and their introduction into conditions of practical
    activity in actuality of our education system.

    27
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis leqtori
    medea salia

    humanuri aRzrda - moswavleTa


    moraluri saxis formirebis safuZveli

    XXI saukunem sxvagvarad dasva humanizmis aucile-


    blobis sakiTxi. isi arsebobis deficitma daar-
    Rvia umSvenieresi Segoneba: giyvardes moyvasi Seni.
    kacTmoyvareobas TiTqos Zalumad kacTmoZuleoba
    daupirispirda. omebi, terorizmi, atomuri bombebi da
    sxva uamravi sisaZagleebi da miT gamowveuli ekolo-
    giuri problemebi did safrTxes uqmnis kacobri-
    obas. raSic lomis wili udevs kacTmoZuleobasa da
    agresiul ganwyobas. Ees uzneoba Tu srul asakSi
    vlindeboda winaT, mkveTrad gaaxalgazrdavda da ukve
    saskolo sivrceSi SeiWra. Mmozardebs Soris erT-
    maneTze xelis aRmarTva, sisastike da daundobloba,
    pedagogiur da eTikur moTxovnebisadmi daumorCile-
    bloba, arasrulwlovan samarTaldamrRvevTa dana-
    Saulebi, akademiuri da pedagogiuri CamorCenilobis,
    asocialurobisa da antisocialurobis statistikuri
    monacemebi, ramac skolebSi mandaturebis Seyvanis
    aucilebloba ganapiroba, SeiZleba calsaxad iTqvas,
    rom problema Zalze seriozulia.
    policiurma reJimma SeiZleba skolaSi mozardTa
    sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulTa erTgvari Semcireba-
    Serbileba gamoiwvios, magram rogorc cnobilia,
    SedegTan brZoliT mizezi ar aRmoifxvreba. upirveles
    yovlisa, unda vebrZoloT mizezebs pedagogiuri
    meTodebiT, aRzrda-ganaTlebiT, moswavleTa zneobrivi
    Segnebisa da grZnobebis ganviTarebiT.
    mozardebSi arahumanuri qcevebisa da moqmedebis
    gamomwvevi mizezebis dadgenis mizniT pedagogiuri

    28
    kvlevebi CavatareT Tbilisis ramdenime skolaSi da
    soxumis universitetis ganaTlebis fakultetze.
    saanalizod saWiro raodenobis masalebis
    mosapoveblad ZiriTadad gamoviyeneT kvlevis
    werilobiTi anketuri gamokiTxvis meTodebi
    moswavleebTan da studentebTan,xolo maswavleblebTan
    saubris meTodiT davkmayofildiT.
    Cveni respodentebi iyvnen IX-XI klasis moswavleebi
    (rac Seexeba XII klass, garkveuli mizezis gamo maTTan
    Sexvedra ver moxerxda) da aRniSnuli fakultetis
    studentebi. AgamokiTxuliqna 212 moswavle da
    studenti. anketa moicavda oTx SekiTxvas, romelTa
    pasuxebi Cveni varaudiT, mogvcemda saSualebas
    dagvedgina maTi Teoriuli da praqtikuli codna-
    gamocdilebis done da damokidebuleba am umaRles
    zneobrivi kategoriisadmi. aseve dagvenaxa humanizmis
    ganviTarebis dinamika asakobrivi sxvaobis mixedviT.
    dasmuli iyo Semdegi kiTxvebi:
    1. ra aris humanizmi?
    2. humanurobis ra magaliTi SegiZlia daasaxelo
    mxatvrul an realuri sinamdvilidan?
    3. ramdenad migaCnia Seni Tavi humanistad?
    4. ra Tvisebebs afaseb maswavlebelSi?
    pirvel kiTxvas gamokiTxulTa 64%-ma SedarebiT
    sworad upasuxa: ,,kacTmoyvareobaa”, ,,adamianis siyvar-
    ulia”, ,,moyvasis siyvaruli”, ,,megobrisTvis Tavdadeba”,
    ,,megobris erTguleba”……da a. S.
    humanizmi patriotizmSi eSleba 36%-s, xolo 8%-ma
    am SekiTxvas saerTod ar gasca pasuxi. am bolo or
    kategoriaSi moxvdnen, skolis gamokiTxulTa samive
    klasis moswavleebi da sami studenti.
    meore kiTxvaze: ,,humanurobis ra magaliTi Segi-
    Zlia daasaxelo mxatvrul an realuri sinamdvili-
    dan?” moswavleTa 12%-ma daasaxela mxatvruli sf-

    29
    erodan oTaraanTqvrivi, ,,vefxistyaosnis” dadebiTi
    gmirebi, ,,aluda qeTelaurSi” mindia, 1%-ma - ,,gvelism-
    Wamelidan”, erTma moswavlem - solomon brZeni. ni-
    muSad moviyvanT citatas: ,,me vici (Tu ar vcdebi) rom
    solomonma israelis mefem bevri da Zalian bevri
    simdidre Seswira ierusalimis taZris Senebas es misi
    valdebulebac iyo magram man ise didZali qoneba Ses-
    wira rom namdvilad mimaCnia humanistad” (aq weris
    kulturaze arafers vambobT, am SemTxvevaSi Cven mx-
    olod zneobrivi msoflmxedveloba gvainteresebs).
    realuri sinamdvilidan gamokiTxulTagan erTma
    mixeil saakaSvili daasaxela humanistad. Oorma - iavnanas
    fondi. 6%-s ki miaCnia, rom mxatvruli literaturaSi
    bevria humanizmis magaliTi, magram aseTebi realur
    cxovrebaSi ar arian.Aaqve moviyvanT amis ramdenime
    ti piur magaliTebs: ,,realuri sinamdvilidan?! cota
    rTulia am kiTxvis pasuxis gacema, mxatvrulidan
    SemiZlia davasaxelo avTandili da tarieli da a. S.
    mravali gmiris dasaxeleba SeiZleba. realuridan me
    jer aseTi adamiani ar Semxvedria, da mgoni ,,aseTebi”
    arc arseboben, yvelanairad keTilebi da kargebi”.
    Aan kidev: .,, istoriidan SemiZlia davasaxelo cotne
    dadiani, Tevdore mRvdeli, dRes aseTebs sad naxav?
    Mme mgoni arc arian. zogierTi mdidari exmareba
    gaWirvebulebs, magram es unda yvelas daanaxon, is ar
    momwons.”
    aq moyvanili da sxva msgavsi magaliTebi cx-
    adyofen humanizmis kategoriis Sesaxeb respodentTa
    codnisa da humanuri qcevis unar-Cvevebis simwires,
    adamianis mimarT skeptikur damokidebulebas. amas, cx-
    adia, aqvs Tavisi mizezebic da safuZvlebic. Kisini
    kargad rom ar arian informirebuli, es cxadia, magram
    aRniSnuli skepticizmis axsna mxolod informaciuli
    deficitiT, ar iqneboda swori. roca yvelanair sain-

    30
    formacio-sakomunikacio saSualebebidan uwyvet naka-
    dad moedineba sazareli informaciebi siZulvilis,
    daundoblobis, gautanlobis, sicruis, Ralatis, usa-
    marTlobisa da sxva uamravi znedacemulobis Sesaxeb,
    aseve mozardi, romelic Tavis adamianTa garemocvaSi
    cxadad xedavs igive umsgavsoebebs, bunebrivia, gauCn-
    deba yvelasa da yvelafris mimarT undobloba da Se-
    sabamisad, upativcemloba. aRniSnul respodentTa es
    Sinagani protesti arsebuli sinamdvilis, socialuri
    garemos mimarT maswavlebelTa, mSobelTa da sazoga-
    doebisTvis namdvilad damafiqrebeli da yuradsaRebi
    problemaa.
    igive respodentebi mesame kiTxvaze: ,,ramdenad
    humanistad migaCnia Seni Tavi?” - pasuxoben: ,,naxevrad,::”
    ,,100%-dan 40%-mde mimaCnia,” ,,ar mimaCnia,” ,,naklebad,
    egoisti var,” ,,raRac momentSi var humanisti da
    raRac momenti ar var,” ,,mainc da mainc keTili ar var
    magram arc boroti nu raRac doneze mainc keTili
    var,”,,var humanisti magram ara yvela mxriv,” ,,Cemi Tavi
    didad ar mimaCnia, humnistad. kacTmoyvare da gamgebi
    var, magram kidev bevri maklia iqamde, rom Cems Tavs
    humanisti vuwodo” da a. S. aq moviyvanT kidev erT
    pasuxs, romelic sagulisxmo azrs Seicavs: ,,roca
    ufro patara viyavi miyvarda adamianebTan urTierToba
    da kargad vepyrobodi maT. magram axla aravisTan
    var ise axlos, rogorc sakuTar TavTan. amitom ar
    mimaCnia Cemi Tavi humanistad” da a. S.
    moyvanili citatebidan gamomdinare, ver vityviT,
    rom maTi avtorebi gulwrfelebi da Tavmdablebi
    ar arian. isini an ar Tvlian, an naklebad Tvlian
    Tavs humanistebad. Aaq aSkaraa socialuri garemosa
    da aRzrdis faqtoris araadekvaturoba pedagogiur
    mizanTan.
    bolo citataSi aSkarad ikiTxeba qveteqsti,

    31
    romelSic mosCans avtoris imedgacrueba, rom mainc da
    mainc didi humanurobiT arc ufrosebi gamoirCevian
    da amitom maTgan ganridebaSi hpova gamosavali.
    Tumca arc imas malavs, rom am ganridebam garkveuli
    ziani miayena mis humanur grZnobebs, gulgrilobam
    daisadgura mis gulSi.
    gamokiTxulTa 64%-s miaCnia,rom namdvili humanistia.
    movusminoT maT: ,,Cemi azriT namdvili humanisti var,”
    ,,vfiqrob, rom sakmarisad humanuri adamiani var,” ,,Cemi
    Tavi humanistad mimaCnia Tanac Zalian humanistad,”
    ,,me mgoni var humanuri,” ,,me Cemi Tavi marTla mimaCnia
    humanistad imitom rom kacTmoyvare da erTguli var
    yvelasaTvis” da sxva.
    mocemul pasuxebSi naTlad Cans avtorTa
    TviTkmayofileba, siamaye da yoyloCinoba, sakuTar
    Tavze maRali warmodgena. Tu weris kulturis
    donesac gaviTvaliswinebT Tavisi kaligrafiiT da
    imas, rom saerTod araferia naTqvami maTi praqtikuli
    humanuri qcevisa Tu moqmedebis Sesaxeb, romelic maTi
    ,,did humanurobis” argumentad gamodgeboda. advili
    aRmosaCenia savalalo gansxvaveba miRweulsa da
    misaRwevs, realursa da idealurs Soris maT humanur
    aRzrdilobaSi.
    meoTxe kiTxvas: ,,ra Tvisebebs afaseb maswavlebelSi?”
    (aseTi zogadi kiTxva imitom avirCieT,rom moswavleebs
    Tavi ar aeridebinaT pasuxze, radgn adgili hqonda
    aseT precedents) respondentTa 84%-ma dadebiTad
    upasuxa, 6%-ma dadebiTic daasaxela da uaryofiTic,
    10%-ma Tavi Seikava, aqve moviyvanT jer pirveli
    kategoriis respodentTa pasuxebs. magaliTad: ,,me
    davasaxelebdi maTematikis maswavlebels mas bavSvebi
    uyvars da maT sul exmareba,” ,,roca Sen rames ver
    gaigeb da maswavlebeli gagiyvans calke da agixsnis.
    roca moswavleebs ar arCevs da yvelas erTnairad

    32
    pativscems”. roca Seuracxyofas ar gayenebs anu
    mTeli klasis win ar gamcirebs.” ,,maswavlebelSi
    vafaseb siyvaruls moswavlis mimarT. misTvis
    gagebas da TanagrZnobas, gakveTilze simSvides da
    obieqturobas. Tumca TviTonac ar unda daiCagros Tavi
    arahumanuri moswavleebis xelSi”, ,,samarTlianobas
    da moswavleebTan karg urTierTobas,” ,,maswavlebeli
    unda iyos mimtevebeli, ar unda arCevdes bavSvebs” da
    a. S.
    rogorc vxedavT, moswavleebi TavianTi mas-
    wavleblebisgan moelian siyvaruls, TanagrZnobas,
    Tanadgomas, gagebas mimteveblobas, samarTlianobas,
    obieqturobas, gakveTilze wesrigis damyarebis unar-
    Cvevebs, pedagogiur ostatobas. Tumca imasac amCneven,
    rom arian arahumanuri bavSvebi, romlebisgan Tavdacva,
    konfliqtebis umtkivneulod ganeleba arc ise ad-
    vilia maswavleblisTvis.
    moyvanili magaliTebidanac kargad Cans Riadac da
    farulad humanizmis antonimebi. magaliTad: damcireba,
    Seuracxyofa, mikerZoebuloba, usamarTloba da arao-
    bieqturoba, gulgriloba, romelic zogierTi maswav-
    leblisTvis es ucxo xili ar unda iyos. Aam mosaz-
    rebas gvimtkicebs zemoT aRniSnul meore kategoriis
    respodentTa pasuxebi. rogoricaa: ,, . . . ar unda ar-
    Cevdes bavSvebs,” ,, . . . maswavlebeli borotad ar unda
    iyos ganwyobili moswavlisadmi,” ,, . . . maRizianebs
    gaugebar maswavlebeli,” ,, . . . roca moswavleebs ar
    arCevs da yvelas erTnirad pativscems,” ,,roca Seu-
    racxyofas ar gayenebs da calke dagelaparakeba” da
    a. S.
    am zogadad naTqvam sityvebSi aSkarad igrZnoba
    skolaSi amgvari precedentebis arseboba, pedagogiuri
    kulturis deficiti, Drac naTlad Cans soxumis
    saxelmwifo universitstis ganaTlebis samecniero-

    33
    kvleviTi institutis mier 2010 wlis pirvel naxevarSi
    Catarebul pedagogiur gamokvlevebSi, romlis
    Sedegebi Sesabamisi pedagogiuri rekomendaciebiT
    sistemtiurad ganixileboda ganaTlebis samecniero-
    kvleviTi institutis gegmiur seminarebsa da
    samecniero konferenciaze. Aaseve ganaTlebis
    fakultetis profesor- maswavlebelTa da studentTa
    samecniero konferenciebze.
    sanam aRniSnuli problemebis Sesamsubuqeblad
    mainc saTanado
    rekomendaciebs SevimuSavebdiT, erTxel kidev
    ufro dawvrilebiT gavecaniT saerTod pedagogikis
    TeoriaSi da kerZod cnobil aRorZinebis xanis humanist
    pedagogTa Teoriul-praqtikul gamocdilebas. Aramac
    mogvca saSualeba, am mxriv warsulisa da awmyos
    miRwevebi SesabamisobaSi mogveyvana Tanamedrove
    zneobriv moTxovnebTan.
    humanizmis epoqam kacTmoyvareobis aRzrda daudo
    safuZvlad pedagogiur saqmianobas. aRorZinebis xanis
    peadagog-klasikosebma gabatonebul skolastikur-
    dogmatur aRzrdas moswavlis pirovnebisadmi
    pativiscemisa da misi yovelmxriv harmoniuli
    ganviTarebis idea daupirispires. maT kacobriobis
    istoriaSi yvelaze brwyinvale antikur samyaros
    miapyres Tvali da iwyes Zieba im pedagogiuri
    WeSmaritebisa, romelic warmatebas moutanda
    italias, safrangeTs, germanias. aRzrdis aTenuri
    da spartanuli aRzrdis sistemis SemoqmedebiTad
    aTvisebis safuZvelze Camoayalibes humanuri aRzrdis
    axleburi koncefciebi da warmatebiT ganaxorcieles
    evropis axal sinamdvileSi.
    humanist pedagog-klasikosTa: verjerios, vejios,
    pikolominis, brunos Teoriul naSromebSi, aseve
    de feltres pedagogiur praqtikul saqmianobaSi

    34
    gamoikveTa humanistur pedagogiuri sistema
    ganviTarebis perspeqtiviT. isini adamianSi sxeulisa
    da sulis harmoniuli ganviTarebis ideas emxrobodnen
    da Sesabamisad, gonebriv, sulier-zneobriv da fizikur
    aRzrdas moiTxovdnen. saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiT
    procesSi, upirveles yovlisa, gaTvaliswinebuli
    unda yofiliyo bavSvis interesebi, misi asakobriv-
    individualuri specifika, fsiqologiur-pedagogiuri
    Taviseburebebi. Aqedan gamomdinare, aRorZinebis xanis
    humanist-pedagogTa ideebis amosavali princi pi iyo
    mTeli ganaTlebis sistemis bavSvTa ganviTarebisa da
    aRzrdis potencialur SesaZleblobaTa maqsimaluri
    gamovlinebis, maTi midrekilebebisa da interesebis
    Sesabamisad mowyoba.
    ara marto aRorZinebis humanistma pedagogebma,
    saerTod, pedagogikis klasikosebma (kvintiliane,
    komenski, jon loki. Jan-Jak ruso, distervegi,
    uSinski, gogebaSvili daa.S) xazi gausves gonebrivi
    da moraluri aRzrdis prioritetulobas. maT
    mecnierulad gansazRvres da daasabuTes am
    amocanebis praqtikuli realizaciis gzebi, meTodebi,
    princi pebi da saSualebebi. Tanamedrove eniT rom
    vTqvaT, ZiriTadi pedagogiuri teqnologiebi, romelTa
    analizi gadmoveciT Cvens wignSi: ,,humanizmis aRzrdis
    istoriuli da Tanamedrove aspeqtebi.” amitom aq
    movixmobT praqtikos pedagogis vitorino de feltres
    saskolo praqtikis unikalur gamocdilebas. man
    pirvelma moaxerxa humanuri moZRvrebis praqtikuli
    realizacia da 1424 wels hercog mantuanis sasaxleSi
    moawyo ,,sixarulis skola”, sadac erTad swavlobdnen
    warCinebulTa, mdidarTa da RaribTa Svilebi
    Tanaswor pirobebSi. de feltres mizani iyo jansaRi,
    zneobrivi, aqtiuri, energiuli da xalisiani Taobis
    momzadeba. ilia WabWavaZe gansakuTrebuli interesiT

    35
    saubrobs de Ffeltresa da misi pirveli humanuri
    skolis Sesaxeb, rogorc magaliTze: mantuas skola
    ,,erTi uZvelesi saSualo saswavlebeli iyo evropaSi,
    romelmac yvelaze uwin safuZvlad da saTaved dado
    axali moZRvreba humanurobisa,vitorinos meTaurobiTa,
    vitorinos idealad, anu magaliTad hqonda aTenuri
    ,,gimnasii,” sadac erTnairi da Tanaswori yuradReba
    iyo miqceuli, rogorc ymawvilis Wkua-gonebis
    ganviTarebasa da gaZlierebazed, isec Zval-xorc-
    janis gamagrebasa da gaRonierebazed.”
    vitorino da feltres ,,sixarulis skola” ara mar-
    to pedagogiur-humanuri princi pebiT, aramed gareg-
    nul-didaqtikuri mowyobilobiTa da esTetikurobiT
    gamoirCeoda. skolis Senoba bunebaSi momajadoebel
    adgilas mdebareobda, oTaxebi iyo naTeli, vrceli,
    kedlebi - freskebiT, sabavSvo saTamaSoebiT moxat-
    uli. TviT saxelwodeba ,,sixarulis skola” Tavisi
    JreradobiTac mimzidveli da saintereso iyo. Aaq yve-
    la da yvelaferi pirovnebis srulyofilebas, bavS-
    vis ganviTarebis bunebriv, potencialuri SesaZle-
    blobebis gamovlineba-ganviTarebas emsaxureboda.
    gonebrivi zneobrivi, esTetikur da fizikuri aRzrda
    kompleqsurad, sistematurobisa da Tanmimdevrobis,
    asakobrivi da individualuri Taviseburebis gaTval-
    iswinebis princi piT mimdinareobda. novator maswav-
    lebels metad kargad hqonda warmarTuli fizikuri
    aRzrda. moswavleebi euflebodnen cxenosnobas, cur-
    vas, farikaobas. Ddasja nebadarTuli iyo mxolod
    zneobrivi wesebis darRvevisas. gansakuTrebul yura-
    dRebas aqcevdnen siarulis, qcevisa da moqmedebis ma-
    nerebs. iswavleboda Zveli enebi, romauli da berZnu-
    li literatura, maTematika. Ggamoiyeneboda swavlebis
    didaqtikuri TvalsaCino masalebi, praqtikuli sam-
    uSaoebi. wera-kiTxvis Seswavlisas iyenebdnen feradi

    36
    muyaosgan gamoWril asoebs. vitorino gansakuTrebul
    mniSvnelobas aniWebda moswavleebSi SegrZnebebisa
    da aRqmebis unaris ganviTarebas, rogorc Semecnebis
    safuZvels. Yyvela bavSvisTvis swavla-aRzrdisaTvis
    erTnairi garemo iyo Seqmnili. Yyvela maswavlebeli
    erTnair moTxovnebs uyenebda TiToeul aRsazrdels.
    igi did mniSvnelobas aniWebda aRzrdaSi aRmzrdel-
    is pirad magaliTs.
    de feltre piradad swavlobda TiToeuli moswav-
    lis individualur Taviseburebebs da mis Sesabamisad
    adgenda sawavlo-aRmzrdelobiT RonisZiebaTa siste-
    mas. is mudam maTTan erTd iyo. Aaswavlida maT, maTTan
    erTad sauzmobda, sadilobda, vaxSmobda, TamaSobda,
    maTTan erTad midioda eqskursiebze da a. S. bunebriv-
    ia, bavSvebsac uzomod uyvardaT igi, Rrmad swamdaT
    misi da amitom siamovnebiT emorCilebodnen. rogorc
    cnobilia, maswavleblis avtoriteti ki pedagogiuri
    zemoqmedebis yvelaze marjve iaraRia.
    vitorino moswavleebs sentenciebiT Tavs ar
    abezrebda. igi literaturasa da zneobriv magaliTebs
    iyenebda aRzrdaSi. maT mxolod iseT klasikosebs
    akiTxebda, romelTac SeeZloT maT fsiqikasa da
    gulze dadebiTi, STamagonebeli zemoqmedebis moxdena.
    mTeli saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesi yovelTvis
    saboloo pedagogiur mizanze iyo orientirebuli,
    rac saSualebas aZlevda did pedagogs gzadagza
    ekontrolebina aRsazrdelTa aRzrdisa da
    ganviTarebis procesi.
    vitorino de feltres ,,sixarulis skolis”
    saqveynod da saukunod cnobili warmateba
    ganpirobebuli iyo saskolo praqtikis pedagogikis
    TeoriasTan organuli kavSiriT. humanuri pedagogikis
    klsikosebis Sexedulebebi antikuri xanis ideebidan
    sazrdoobda, viTardeboda da ixveweboda erovnul

    37
    niadagze, ramac Tavis apogeas miaRwia italiaSi.
    zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT,
    rom moswavleebSi humanuri msoflmxedvelobis
    formireba SesaZlebelia humanizmis TvalsaCino
    magaliTebiT, klasikuri literaturis sistematuri,
    Segnebuli, aqtiuri kiTxviTa da ganxilvebiT (Tu
    mainc da mainc ucxourad gnebavT prezentaciebiT),
    wrfeli urTierTobiTa da siyvaruliT, samarTliano-
    biTa da uangaro mzrunvelobiT. Ees ki maswavleblis-
    gan moiTxovs kacobriobis mier dagrovili pedago-
    giuri codna-gamocdilebis SemoqmedebiTad aTvisebas,
    erovnuli da Tanamedrove moTxovnebTan da aRsaz-
    rdelis asakobriv da individualur TaviseburebebT-
    an SesabamisobaSi moyvanisa da praqtikul gamoyenebis,
    pedagogikuri mecnierebisa da pedagogiuri xelovne-
    bis ostaturad Serwymis unar-Cvevebs.

    38
    gamoyenebuli literatura

    1. j. beriSvili, T. karanaZe iakob gogebaSvilis


    humanizmi. Tb.1992
    2. i. gogebaSvili rCeuli pedagogiuri da
    publicisturi nawerebi. T. I, Tb. 1910.
    3. esTetikuri aRzrdis ideebi, anTologia. Tb., 1973.
    4. n. vasaZe, pedagogika Tb., 2002.
    5. n. vasaZe. pedagogikis istoria. Tb. 2004.
    6. Г. Жураковский. Очерки истории античной педагогики М,
    1963
    7. П. Фридолин. Педагогическии идей итальянского
    возраждения. М., 1929
    8. Г. Фоийгт. Возраждение класической древности т.1
    М.,1984.
    9. WavWavaZe i. pedagogiuri Txzulebebi. Tb. , 1949.
    CigogiZe k.,ilia WavWavaZe da aRorZinebis humanisti
    pedagogebi. J. ,,mzrdeli yrmisa”, Tb. #3,4.1995.

    Humane ways of Humene Education


    M.Salia

    The problems, causes and results of humane education are shown


    in this research. It contains preventive-corrective methods based on
    the theoretical approaches of Renaissance humane teachers Vitorino
    da Philtres according the examples of their school practice

    39
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis ganaTlebis
    samecniero-kvleviTi institutis
    mecnier-TanamSromeli,
    pedagogikur mecnierebaTaDdoqtori, Pprofesori
    gulnaz xuxua

    Tvalis roli pirovnebis formirebaSi

    SegrZnebaTa fizikur organoebs Soris Tvali


    umTavresia. misi meSveobiT SevigrZnobT da
    aRviqvamT garemomcvel sinamdviles mTeli Tavisi
    mravalferovnebiT: mega, makro Tu mikro samyaros:
    mzes, mTvares, varskvlavebiT moWedil cas, dedamiwas
    Tavisi floriT, fauniT, wylebiT; ferebs, formebs,
    moculobas, raodenobas, simaRles, sigrZes, siganes,
    siRrmes, mdgomareobas, mdebareobas, simsuqnes,
    sigamxdres da a. S. Tvalis saSualebiT aRibeWdeba
    cnobierebaSi nanaxi materialur-realuri sinamdvile.
    amasTan dakavSirebiT, fsalmunmomReralma daviTma
    Tqva: ,,roca vuyureb cas, Seni TiTebis namoqmedars,
    mTvaresa da varskvlavebs, Sen rom Seqmeni, vfiqrob:
    ra aris mokvdavi kaci, rom gaxsovs da zrunav masze’.’
    Mmxedveloba rom ara, verc safrTxes davinaxavdiT,
    romelsac sistematurad vawydebiT.
    Tvali ,,saSualebas gvaZlevs davtkbeT Cvens
    irgvliv arsebuli salamaziT, saocari qmnilebebiT,
    davrwmundeT RvTis arsebobaSi da aRvfrTovandeT
    misi sidiadiT.’’ (J. saguSago koSki’’ #15, 2010, gv.20).
    Tvali xiluli samyaroTi uxilavis Sesaxeb gvamcnobs.
    fizikuri Tvali xilulze dakvirveba-gaazrebis
    safuZvelze gonebis Tvals warmoSobs, romelic
    gvexmareba garemomcveli sinamdvilis, faqtebisa da
    movlenebis sworad SegrZnebasa da aRqmaSi, gvicavs
    cduneba-safrTxeebisagan.

    40
    Tvali mWidrod ukavSirdeba gonebas, goneba
    ki - guls. guli ki aRZravs emociebs, grZnobebsa
    da survilebs. survili anu ndoma ki aaqtiurebs
    azrovnebas am mimarTulebiT da cnobiereba mTlianad
    kavdeba am survilis dakmayofilebisaTvis fiqriT.
    danarCeni ki yvelaferi meore xarisxovani xdeba.
    Semdeg fiqri gadadis realobaSi.
    ra safrTxeebs unda avaridoT Tvali, cdunebas rom
    ar avyveT?
    dRes mecnierul-teqnikurma progresma moicva mTeli
    msoflio. gansakuTrebiT momravlda Tanamedrove
    sainformacio-sakomunikacio saSualebebi, rogori-
    caa: televizia, mobiluri telefoni, interneti, - rac
    iqca adamianTa umetesobis cxovrebis azrad. GgaCnda
    kiTxva: ,,teqnika-kurTxevaa Tu wyevla.” - ra Tqma unda
    orivea, saqme mis gamoyenebaSia. TiTqmis analogiuri
    kiTxva daisva XVII saukunis safrangeTSi: ,,ganapiro-
    ba Tu ara mecnierebisa da xelovnebis aRorZinebam
    zneobis gaumjobeseba an gauareseba?”, romelsac peda-
    gogikis klasikosma Jan-Jak rusom gabeduli pasuxi
    gasca Tavis amave saxelwodebis naSromSi, rom civi-
    lizaciis ganviTarebis Sedegad adamiani TandaTano-
    biT mowyda bunebas, dakarga bevri adamianuri Tviseba,
    sikeTe, ubraloeba, uSualoba da gaiZverad da monad
    iqca. klasikosi iqve miuTiTebs WeSmariti mecnierebi-
    sa da xelovnebis dadebiT mxareebze, mis progresul
    gardamqmnel Zalazec. Aaqac gamoyenebis, midgomis op-
    timalurobazea yuradReba gamaxvilebuli.
    SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tanamedrove civilizaciam
    ganapiroba udidesi teqnikuri progresi, magram amas
    ver vityviT moralur sferoSi. Mmoralis gareSe ki,
    rogorc mogexsenebaT, samarTlianobaze, bednier da
    mSvidobian cxovrebaze, saerTod demokratiasa da
    humanizmze ocnebac ki warmoudgenelia. televizias,

    41
    romelmac 1931 wlidan mTeli msoflio moicva
    da dRes misma ricxvma 1.5 miliards gadaaWarba,
    garkveuli mosazrebiT ,,maswavlebelsac” uwodeben.
    misi meSveobiT vecnobiT mTel msoflioSi da kosmiur
    sivrceSi mimdinare movlenebs, qveynebsa da xalxebs,
    ,,vmogzavurobT tropikul junglebSi da polusebze,
    mTaTa mwvervalebsa da okeanebis siRrmeebSi, vecnobiT
    atomTa gasaocar samyaros da viWrebiT kosmosSi,
    vigebT ra xdeba dedamiwis sxva kuTxeSi, Tvals
    vadevnebT kulturasa da politikur movlenebs - imas
    rac moxda da rac xdeba. televizia aSuqebs adamianTa
    tragediebsa da warmatebebs. is gvarTobs, gvaswavlis
    da STagvagonebs kidec.” erTi sityviT, asrulebs
    SemecnebiT, eTikur da esTetikur funqciebs.
    igive iTqmis internetze, mobilur telefonze, maT
    unikalur dadebiT SesaZlebobebze. Rilakis an mausis
    erTi dawkapunebiT, rom Sens Tvalwin gadaiSleba
    mTeli samyaro.
    interneti - msoflios udidesi biblioTeka. droisa
    da sivrcis dimensionebSi SeuzRudavi. Mmis pirovnul
    da sazogadoebriv Rirebulebas ganapirobebs misi
    gamoyenebis kultura.
    mobiluri telefoni - XXI saukunis saocreba. am
    miniaturuli aparatis sidiades dedamiwa ver itevs.
    divanze wamowolili vis ginda rom ar daukavSirde
    dedamiwis kidiT-kidemde zepiri Tu werilobiTi
    sityviT. dro, TariRi, mesiji, filmebi, TamaSobebi,
    musikebi da a. S. es sakvirveleba Sens samsaxurSia,
    sadac da rogorc ar unda iyo.
    namdvilad, kurTxevaa keTilad da gonivrulad
    gamoyenebuli teqnika. magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mis
    uaryofiT mxareebs, da ar gavfrTxildebiT, SeiZleba
    damangreveli, gamanadgurebeli gavlena moaxdinos
    adamianze, gansakuTrebiT ki mozardebze.

    42
    mecnierebi, sazogadoeba Tu kerZo pirebi ukve
    msjeloben da gamosavals eZeben im savalalo
    Sedegebze, rac Tan sdevs aRniSnuli teqnikis
    borotad da aragonivrulad gamoyenebas. saqme imaSia,
    rom televiziisa da internetis informaciaTa didi
    nawili Zaladobasa da pornografias exeba, romelTa
    70% amerikaSia damzadebuli, 15% - evropaSi, bavSvTa
    pornografiis 80% ki - iaponiaSi. axalgazrda, romelsac
    jer kidev saSualo skola ar daumTavrebia, aTasobiT
    mkvlelobis, Zaladobisa da seqsualuri scenebis
    mxilveli xdeba. teleekranebze Tu kompiuteris
    monitorze farTod da daufaravad warmodgenili
    amgvari scenebi cnobismoyvareobis, SeCvevisa da
    mimbaZvelobis Tandayolili unaris wyalobiT,
    axalgazrdebis mier aRiqmeba rogorc Cveulebrivi
    movlena, rogorc norma, rac maT qcevebSi, CacmulobaSi,
    varcxnilobasa da metyvelebaSi vlindeba.
    pornografiuli suraTebis axalgazrdebze
    gamxrwnel gavlenasTan dakavSirebiT, teqnikur-
    eleqtronuli mediis mimomxilvelma ton parsonzma
    dawera: pornografia ,,ukuRmarT survilebs badebs
    adamianSi, is aRvivebs avxorcul vnebebs, romlis
    dakmayofilebac SeuZlebelia.”
    zogjer specialurad, zogjer kidev SemTxveviT, ax-
    algazrda awydeba Tvalis macdunebel pornografiul
    veb-saitebs da intimur veb-CeTebs, romlis gavlena im-
    denad didia, rom is mTeli arsebiT ebmeba virtu-
    alur-intimur urTierTobebSi. amerikel da evro-
    pel mecnierTa gamokvlevebSi Tavmoyrilia uamravi
    statistikuri monacemebi pornografiiT gatacebulTa
    dangreuli ojaxebis, mozardebis gonebrivi da zneo-
    brivi degradaciis, seqsualuri Zaladobis, naadrevi
    sqesobrivi kavSiris, ukanono fexmZimobis, moralur-
    emociuri zianis, akademiuri CamorCenilobis, Sidsis

    43
    gavrcelebisa da sxva sisaZagleebis Sesaxeb.
    pornografiuli suraTebis naxva Tu winaT mxolod
    mdidrebisTvis iyo misawvdomi, dRes igi sakabelo
    televiziisa da internetis qselis meSveobiT maso-
    briv xasiaTs atarebs. Dda, swored, masmediis anal-
    itikosis denis makalpenis azriT, pornografiuli
    programebis advilad naxvis SesaZlebloba erT-erTi
    faqtoria, ramac ganapiroba is, rom adamianTa didi
    nawili mas miiCnevs bunebriobisa da Tavisuflebis
    gamoxatvis normalur movlenad. publicisti braien
    makneari pornografiis daubrkoleblad gavrcelebas
    Tavisufali da jansaRi sazogadoebis ganmasxvavebel
    niSnad miiCnevs. is wers: ,,sazogadoeba, romelic im-
    denad ganviTarebulia, rom auRelveblad xvdeba or
    srulwlovani adamianis intimuri urTierTobebis da-
    ufaravad asaxvas, ufro Semwynareblulad moekideba
    gansxvavebuli seqsualuri orientaciis adamianebs da
    ufro advilad aRiarebs qalebis Tanasworuflebi-
    anobasac.”
    aseT mxardamWerTa wyalobiT, ,,dRes is gacilebiT
    did gavlenas axdens kulturaze, vidre opera, baleti,
    Teatri, musika da saxviTi xelovneba erTad aRebuli”
    - wers publicisti jermein griri.
    Zaladobisa da seqsualuri Sinaarsis Semcvleli
    informaciebi uwyvet nakadad moedineba televiziis,
    kinofilmebis, musikalur videokli pebis da inter-
    netis meSveobiT, romelsac nebayoflobiT da didi
    siamovnebiT ewafebian gauTviTcnobierebeli axalgaz-
    rdebi. Aamas emateba is, rom bavSvTa didi procenti
    ,,telemaniakebisa” da ,,kiber-xulignebis” maxeSi ebmeba.
    kamerian mobilur telefonebs skolis gasaxdelSi an
    saSxapeSi deben da gadaRebul suraTebsa da video-
    Canawerebs internetiT nebismier msurvels ugzavnian.
    mobiluri telefoni umetes SemTxvevaSi mizezi

    44
    xdeba uamravi problemisa, rogoricaa: saswavlo
    procesis CaSla, maswavlebelsa da moswavleTa Soris
    urTierTobis gafuWeba, akademiuri CamorCeniloba,
    drois fuWad flangva, sagzao avariebi da a. S.
    aranakleb zianis motana SeuZlia modas.
    Ppopularuli ,,varsklavebi”, romlebic meZavebisaTvis
    damaxasiaTebel Cacmulobas irCeven, mozardis
    moumwifebeli Tvali iwonebs da baZavs mas. Uufro
    gamaognebeli is aris, rom prestiJul maRaziebSi
    iyideba sabavSvo kosmetikuri saSualebebi -nair-
    nairi brWyviala ferebiTa da Tvalwarmtaci dizainiT
    gaformebuli, romelsac mSoblebi da axloblebi
    didi siamovnebiT yiduloben da Cuqnian bavSvebs.
    ufrosebisgan nebadarTuli patarebi iTiTxnebian,
    i pranWebian, xalisoben da kmayofilebi arian.
    Sedegi: uxamsoba, mdabio gemovneba, uzneo siTamame
    da gambedaoba, zneobrivi da sulieri siRatake. mere
    gvikvirs is, rac Cven vaswavleT. rogorc makalpeni
    askvnis: ,,sazogadoeba imas isisxlxorcebs, riTac mis
    gonebas kvebaven”.
    samedicino gamokvlevebma aCvena, rom uxamsobis,
    Zaladobis, ,,pornografiis yureba bioqimiur
    cvlilebebs iwvevs tvinSi da misi qimiuri struqturis
    nawili xdeba. rac adamians ukargavs gaazrebulad,
    Segnebulad moqmedebis unars.” es ki safrTxes
    warmoadgens bavSvis fsiqikur, sulier da fizikuri
    janmrTelobisaTvis.
    zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, samarTlianad Cndeba
    kiTxva: ra gamosavali arsebobs? specialistebis
    mxridan aris uamravi SemoTavazebebi: axsna-
    ganmartebebi, akrZalva, televizorisa da kompiuteris
    Ria, TvalsaCino adgilze dadgma, bavSvebis sasargeblo,
    socialurad Rirebuli SromiTi da SemecnebiTi
    saqmianobiT, sportiT dakaveba, gaseirneba bunebis

    45
    wiaRSi, eqskursia, turistuli laSqrobebi, xelovnebis
    saRamoebi, gamoCenil adamianebTan Sexvedrebi da a.
    S. M
    ra Tqma unda, es yvelaferi kargia, magram arasakma-
    risi. radganYyovlad SeuZlebelia bavSvis, mozardis,
    axalgazrdis Sinagani samyaro, guli da suli, misi
    fiqrebi da Tvali vinmem gaakontrolos. TvalTmac-
    dunebel-gamxrwneli zegavlenisgan axalgazrdebis
    dacvis yvelaze optimaluri gza aris Zaladobisa
    da pornografiuli informaciebis gaqroba maTTvis
    xelmisawvdomi adgilebidan, magram es praqtikulad
    SeuZlebelia. radgan aRniSnuli informaciebi war-
    moadgens didi binZuri komerciis politikis Semad-
    genel nawils. amitom komersantebi, politokosebi da
    mavanTmavani, romelTa xelSia msoflio gavlenis ber-
    ketebi, isini arasodes ar daTmoben gamdidrebis am
    muqTa wyaros. A E
    es mxolod yovlisSemoqmed RmerTs Seswevs. radgan
    adamianebi xedaven mxolod imas, rac maT Tvawin aris.
    RmerTi ki yvelafers xedavs: xilulsa da uxilavs,
    dafarulsa da gacxadebuls. Yyvelaze ukeT RmerTma
    icis Tu ra aris ukeTesi misi unikaluri qmnilebis
    - adamianisaTvis. es saukeTeso aris sulieri aRzrda,
    romlis mTavari kriteriumi siyvarulia. roca qristes
    hkiTxes, moZRvaro, romelia udidesi mcneba kanonSi?
    Mman upasuxa: ,,giyvardes ufali, Seni RmerTi mTeli
    guliT, mTeli suliT, mTeli gonebiT da mTeli ZaliT.”
    ,,meore ki: ,,moyvasi sakuTari TaviviT giyvardes. Aam
    mcnebebze didi mcneba ar arsebobs” (markozi 12:30,31).
    ra aris RmerTis siyvaruli, amaze biblia martivad da
    gasagebad gvpasuxobs: ,,RvTis siyvaruli is aris, rom
    vicavdeT mis mcnebebs” (ioane 5:3). vicodeT simarTle
    RvTis Sesaxeb: vin aris RmerTi da ras moiTxovs Cvengan?
    vin aris ieso qriste? vin aris satana-eSmaki? ratom

    46
    xdeba amdeni ubedureba? ra moelis kacobriobas? ra
    aris RvTis samefo da ras moitans is dedamiwaze?
    Bbibliuri kanonebis 6:6,7 muxlebSi pirdapir
    brZanebaa mocemuli mSoblebis mimarT, rom RvTis
    mcnebebiT aRzardon Svilebi: ,,gulSi CaibeWde sityvebi,
    romlebsac dRes gibrZaneb: Caagone Sens vaJs da
    elaparake maTze saxlSi jdomisas, gzaze siarulisas,
    dawolisa da adgomisas.” Svilebi rom sulierad
    aRzardon, mSoblebi Tavad unda iyon aRzrdilni
    RvTis SemecnebiT: ,,Sens gulSi gqondes es sityvebi,
    romlebic dRes gamogicxade,” vkiTxulobT iqve.
    solomon brZenma dawera: ,,daewafeT RvTis sityvebs,
    SeiyvareT da ganiswavleniT” (sibrZne solomonisa 6:11).
    radgan ,,Semecnebaa gonebis srulqmna, srulqmnileba
    ki RmerTTan miaxloeba” (iqve 6:24). Ees rom mxolod
    lamazi sityvebi ar aris da SieZleba is realobad
    iqces, amis naTeli magaliTia morwmune aRsazrdelebis
    yofaqceva, romlis gadamowmeba sulac ar aris Zneli.
    ian amos komenskis, sulieroba, RvTis moSiSTa da
    RvTismosavTa aRzrda, miaCnda sazogadoebis sulieri
    gamojansaRebis mTavar saSualebad. ,,vinaidan RvTis
    SiSi sibrZnis dasawyisi da dasasrulia” (ian amos
    komenski, rC ped. Txz. Tb. 1949, gv. 87).
    bibliaze dafuZnebuli 2007 wlis agvistos
    J. ,,gamoiRviZeT!”-Si mocemulia Svidi rCeva
    mSoblebisaTvis:
    1. mimarTeT karg mrCevels. ,,miende RmerTs mTeli
    guliT da sakuTar gonebas nu daeyrdnobi” (ig-
    avebi 3:5).
    2. SeqmeniT Tbili atmosfero. ,,siyvaruli gamaer-
    Tianebeli srulyofili kavSiria” (koloselebi
    3:14).
    3. gamoiyeneT Tqveni uflebamosileba. ,,aRzarde ...
    Svilebi da guls gagixareben” (igavebi 29:17).

    47
    4. daadgineT wesebi da Sesabamisad imoqmedeT: ,,Tqve-
    ni diax iyos diax, ara ki ara” (maTe 5:37).
    5. SeadgineT dRis reJimi da daicaviT. ,,yvelaferi
    wesierad da organizebulad xdebodes” (1korin-
    Telebi 14:40).
    6. gaigeT ras grZnobs Tqveni Svili. ,,mosmenamde
    pasuxis gacema ugunurebaa” (igavebi 18:13).
    7. mieciT magaliTi. ,,sxvebs aswavli da sakuTar
    Tavs araa?” (romaelebi 2:21)
    amrigad, Cveni aRsazrdelebi rom davicvaT
    avxorculi vnebebis aRmZvreli satana-eSmakis mier
    dagebuli macdunebeli sanaxaobebisgan, upirveles
    yovlisa, sulieri aRzrdis gziT unda ganuviTroT
    gonebis Tvali, rom xiluli samyaros meSveobiT
    uxilavi Seicnos. TvalsaCino Rirebuli magaliTebis,
    realur sinamdvileze dakvirveba-analizis, sikeTisa
    da borotebis Sepirispirebis, mizez-Sedegobriobis
    da logikis meTodebiT, aseve sxva saazrovno
    operaciebis swavlebis gziT aRsazrdelebs unda
    SevuqmnaT amaRlebuli ideebi da moTxovnebi da
    maTi dakmayofilebis pedagogiur - fsiqologiuri
    da socialuri pirobebi, TviTrealizaciisa da
    TviTdamkvidrebis, sulis nayofebis (siyvaruli,
    sixaruli,mSvidoba,sikeTe,sulgrZeloba,yovelive kargi,
    rbili xasiaTi, rwmena, Tavmdabloba) ganviTarebisaTvis
    xelsayreli pedagogiuri, ojaxuri da socialur-
    kulturuli garemo.

    48
    gamoyenebuli literatura
    1. biblia, 2006
    2. g. xuxua, pedagogika, Tb., 2009
    3. J. ,,gamoiRviZeT,” noemberi 2009 `teqnika kurTxevaa
    Tu wyevla?”
    4. J. ,,gamoiRviZeT,” oqtomberi 2006 televizia ra
    gavlenas axdens Tqvens cxovrebaze?
    5. J. ,,gamoiRviZeT”, oqtomberi 2008 Tqveni Svili da
    interneti,
    6. J. ,,gamoiRviZeT” agvisto, 2003 pornografia
    sazianoa Tu ara?
    7. J. ,,gamoiRviZeT” 8 Tebervali, 2000 rogor avarido
    Tavi safrTxes internetiT sargeblobis dros?
    8. J. ,,saguSago koSki” 15 aprili, 2010
    9. J. ,,gamoiRviZeT” seqtemberi, 2003 xom ar emonebiT
    modas?
    10. J. ,,gamoiRviZeT” marti 2007 Tvali moarideT
    araraoba!
    11. J. 1 noemberi, 2006 saimedo rCevebi bavSvebis
    aRzrdasTan dakavSirebiT.
    12. J. ,,gamoiRviZeT” agvisto 2007.Svidi rCeva
    mSoblebs.

    Role of an eye in the personality’s formation


    Gulnaz Khukhua
    Professor
    60% of information is received by means of eyes. Misuse of modern
    communicational means: television, internet, mobile phone and etc.,
    watching pornography pictures influences the youngsters negatively
    morally and academically. It is impossible to make prohibition and
    control of that by outer factors. It is needed the inner motivation that the
    young people avoid watching the programs showing pornography and
    violence. One of these mechanisms is spiritual education, developing
    of fear of God and believing in God in pupils and young people.

    49
    izolda buxuleiSvili
    asocirebuli profesori

    mozardebSi agresiulobis gamomwvevi


    mizezebis Sesaxeb

    dRes bavSvTa da mozardTa agresiuloba da


    Zaladoba saerTaSoriso da sayovelTao problemaa,
    romlis winaSe sakmaod Zlieri qveynebic dganan.
    mecnier-mkvlevarTa mier Catarebuli kvlevebiTa da
    arsebuli statistikuri monacemebiT, am bolo xanebSi,
    yvelaze mZime mdgomareoba kolumbiaSi yofila. Cveni
    qveyana am mxriv arc pirvelia da arc ukanaskneli.
    Tumca, aRniSnul problemasTan dakavSirebiT CvenTan
    arsebuli statistikis monacemebs Tu gavecnobiT,
    faqtia, rom mozardebSi agresiam da Zaladobam imata,
    rac mianiSnebs imas, rom problema arsebobs da mas
    droze unda mixedva, unda moiZebnos prevenciuli
    muSaobis efeqturi gzebi da saSualebebi.
    termini agresia (laT. agressio) aRniSnavs sxvadasxva
    qmedebebs. kerZod: Tavdasxmas, mtrobas da misT.
    mecnierTa naSromebSi gamoikveTa, rom agresia, rogorc
    forma, mizanmimarTulia fizikuri an fsiqologiuri
    ziani miayenos vinmes.
    agresia bazisur emociaTa kategorias miekuTvneba da
    erT-erTi centraluri adgili ukavia am sistemaSi. misi
    gamovlenis formebis mravalferovneba, iseve, rogorc
    gamomwvev mizezTa mravalferovneba (bio-socialuri,
    socialuri, ekonomiuri da a. S.), misdami yovelTvis
    iwvevda mecnierebis, praqtikosi specialistebis,
    sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenis, ganaTlebis muSakebisa
    da, saerTod, asakis adamianTa did interess.
    bavSvTa agresiis kvleviT mravali mecnieri iyo
    dainteresebuli (pedagogikis, fsiqologiis, fsiqi-

    50
    atriis, medicinis specialistebi). maTgan aRsaniSnavia
    - z. froidi, robert beroni, debora riCardsi, barbara
    kreixi, fromi, basi, S. nadiraSvili, n. imedaZe da sxv.
    ganvixiloT zogo maTganis mier Catarebuli
    eqsperimenti, Tu dakvirveba mozardebSi agresiuli
    qcevis motivebis, warmoSobis mizezebisa da maTi
    daZlevis Taobaze.
    am mxriv, mniSvnelovan Teoriul da klinikur
    monacemebs Seicavs z. froidis fsiqoanalitikuri
    Teoria. Cven aq ar SevCerdebiT am Teoriis axsnaze,
    magram aRvniSnavT, rom, miuxedavad uamrav, sxvadasxva
    SexedulebaTa da mosazrebaTa arsebobisa, mainc myari
    rCeba agresiulobis axsna instinqtebis arsebobiT.
    kerZod, cxovrebis instinqtisa da sikvdilis
    instinqtebs Soris brZola aris, zogadad, adamianis
    cxovrebis istoriisa da maT Soris agresiulobis
    formebisa da mimarTulebis ganmsazRvreli.
    agresiulobis froidiseuli Teoriis Semdgomi
    ganviTarebaa nevroidistebis Sromebi. maTi
    umravlesoba uaryofs agresiis instinqturobas da
    xSirad agresiulobas ukavSirebs socialur motivebs
    (horni). eTiologi sakoti Tvlis, rom agresiuli qceva
    viTardeba sxvadasxva genetikuri da gare faqtorebis
    gavleniT, TumcaRa, TanSobili faqtorebi qmnian
    mxolod agresiisken midrekilebis tendencias.
    SesaZloa organizmma icxovros didi xnis
    ganmavlobaSi ise, rom ar mimarTos agresias, Tu garemo
    pirobebi ar iZleva amis stimuls.
    mravali mkvlevar-fsiqologi eyrdnoba froid-
    is ideebs agresiulobis reaqtiuli bunebis Sesaxeb
    da, aqedan gamomdinare, flustraciis cneba xSiradaa
    gamoyenebuli maT kvlevebSi.AmimarTulebis warmomad-
    genlebi arian - dolardi, mileri, rozencvargi da
    sxva fsiqologebi.

    51
    bihevioristebis midgoma agresiulobis problemis-
    admi gansxvavebulia. isini mas iReben ganixilaven,
    rogorc pirovnul cvlads, rogorc Setevis Cvevas.
    isini iyeneben rogorc operacionalistur gansaz-
    Rvrebas da cdiloben Tavi aaridon agresiulobis
    globalur ganmartebas, ZiriTadad, eyrdnobian kon-
    trolirebuli laboratoriuli eqsperimentebis mo-
    nacemebs. am mimarTulebis warmomadgenelma basma
    agresiulobis kvlevis mravalricxovani monacemebis
    faqtoruli analizis safuZvelze basma aRmoaCina ori
    gansxvavebuli midgoma: agresiuloba da mtruloba.
    mtruloba xasiaTdeba aRSfoTebis, wyenis, eWvianobis
    grZnobiT, Tumca SesaZloa agresiuloba da mtruloba
    erTmaneTs emTxveodes; cvladebi, romlebic Trgunaven
    mtrulobas ar axdenen araviTar gavlenas agresiu-
    lobis Sesustebaze.
    amgvarad, mkvlevar-mecnierTa mier dadgenilia, rom
    agresiulobis gamomwvev faqtorebs Soris aRsaniSna-
    via: biologiuri, ojaxuri aRzrdis stili, agresiuli
    qcevis magaliTebi, Tanatolebis mxridan gancdili
    emociuri daZabuloba, flustracia, agresiuli tel-
    egadacemebi, kompiuteruli TamaSebi da a. S. dasaxele-
    buli faqtorebi calsaxad yvela bavSvSi ar iwvevs
    agresiis qmedebas. aRzrdis erTi da imave pirobebSi
    myofi bavSvebi SesaZloa agresiis xarisxis mixedviT
    gansxvavdebodnen.
    agresiis gamowvevis ZiriTadi mizezi mainc ojaxi
    da misi arakeTilsaimedo garemoa. am garemoSi
    aRzrdl mozardTa umravlesobis gaRizianebadobas,
    agresiulobas da sxva msgavs Tvisebebs ZiriTadad
    ganapirobebs aRzrdaSi daSvebuli Secdomebi,
    bavSvisadmi mSoblebis araswori damokidebuleba,
    xSiri da intensiuri ojaxuri konfliqtebi, mSoblebis
    gataceba alkoholizmiTa Tu narkomaniiT.

    52
    mozardebi, romlebic izrdebian arajansaR, ara-
    keTilsaimedo ojaxur garemoSi, agresiulobas, sisas-
    tikes xSirad avlenen,miT ufro Tu maT survilebs,
    iniciativas, TviTdamkvidrebasa da damoukideblobis
    tendencias uxeSad Trgunaven mSoblebi (igulisxmeba
    sxvebis TandaswrebiT mozardis Tavmoyvareobis Se-
    laxva, xSiri fizikuri dasja, muqara da a. S.). aseT
    aRgznebad, agresiul mozardebs ar SeswevT danaSau-
    lis gancdis, TviTkritikis, TanagrZnobis unari, mZime
    konfliqtur, arajansaR ojaxur pirobebSi aRzrdili
    mozardebis didi nawili ojaxidan garbis, advilad
    eqceva quCis gavlenis qveS.
    fsiqologebma (beiTsma,peTiTma,dodjma...) Seiswavles
    im ojaxis bavSvebi, romlebsac mSoblebi imdenad
    sjidnen rom zogjer sWirdebodaT samedicino Careva.
    aseT bavSvebs maswavleblebi da maTi Tanatolebic ki
    axasiaTebdnen rogorc sxva bavSvebisagan gamorCeulad
    agresiulebad. maT ara mxolod fizikuri dasja
    ayalibebs agresiulebad, aramed maTdami civi,
    usulgulo, uyuradRebo damokidebulebac mecnier-
    mkvlevarTa nawili am faqtors mSoblis siyvarulis
    `deficits~ uwodebs.
    dRes, samwuxarod, statistika imaze metyvelebs, rom
    Zalze mcirea harmoniuli ojaxebis procenti, anu sxva
    sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,ojaxebis umetesobaSi Zaladobaa
    gabatonebuli, razec Riad ar saubroben, radgan am
    problemis saaSkaraoze gamotana, gansakuTrebiT
    CvenTan, Rirsebis Selaxvis tolfasia. rTulia imaze
    saubari, ramdenad xSiria bavSvebisadmi mSoblebis
    uxeSi damokidebuleba, radgan informacia ojaxebSi
    Zaladobis Taobaze Znelad mosapovebelia.
    da mainc, bolo statistikuri monacemebiT, aSS-Si
    daaxloebiT 1 mln bavSvi ganicdis uxeS, cud damok-
    idebulebas mSoblebis mxridan. am bavSvebis 50% faq-

    53
    tobrivad mSoblebisagan mitovebulni arian, 25% gan-
    icdis fizikur, xolo 15% seqsualur Zaladobas. da
    es maSin, rodesac, mag, SvedeTSi bavSvis cemas kanoni
    krZalavs.
    amgvarad, mozardTa sisastike da agresiuloba
    ZiriTadad aRmocendeba socialuri faqtorebis, gan-
    sakuTrebiT ki ojaxebSi aRzrdis da im mikroso-
    cialuri klimatis zemoqmedebiT, romelSic izrdeba
    bavSvi da yalibdeba misi pirovneba. amitom, mozards,
    Tu droze ar gamoumuSavda adamianebisadmi humanuri
    damokidebuleba, keTilmosurneoba, moTmineba, sinanu-
    lisa da danaSaulis gancda, adre Tu gvian masSi Tavs
    iCens sisastike, agresiuloba, sadizmi - aRniSnavs cno-
    bili qarTveli fsiqiatri prof. m. mestiaSvili.
    harvardis universitetis laboratoriaSi siersisa
    da misi TanamSormlebis mier specialurad iqna Ses-
    wavlili mSoblebis mier bavSvis aRzrdisas gamoy-
    enebuli dasjis meTodebi. mkvlevar-fsiqologebi
    mividnen im daskvnamde, rom lmobier, Tbil mSoblebs,
    romlebic bavSvis aRzrdaSi cudi qcevisas fsiqolo-
    giur xerxebs iyenebdnen (qeba, izolireba, `siyvarulis
    moSoreba~) ufro wesieri, disci plinirebuli Svile-
    bi hyavT, vidre mSoblebs, romelTac iseTi meTodebis
    gamoyenebis tendencia aqvT, rogoricaa privilegieb-
    is CamorTmeva, fizikuri dasja da sxv. unda aRiniS-
    nos, rom `civi~ mSoblebic iyeneben zogjer aRzrdis
    fsiqologiur xerxebs, magram nakleb efeqturad.
    sagangebod unda aRiniSnos fizikuri dasjis ara
    Tu uSedegoba, aramed zianic, romelic mas bavSvis
    pirovnebisaTvis moaqvs. cema aRZravs gabrazebas.
    gabrazebis mdgomareobaSi Znelia imis gaazreba
    da obieqturad Sefaseba, rac Caidine. cema bavSvis
    fizikur uZlurebas, sisustes, usvams xazs, amcirebs
    mis pirovnebas, ulaxavs Tavmoyvareobas. amis gamo,

    54
    bavSvs rogorc ki moxerxebuli (misTvis) momenti
    Cauvardeba, igi ecdeba samagiero gadauxados ufross,
    raTa Tavisi Zala aCvenos, an SeiZleba sruliad sxva
    gzas daadges.
    morCili xasiaTi rom Camoyalibdes, es damokidebu-
    lia bavSvis individual-fsiqologiur Tvisebebze, mis
    temperamentsa Tu asakobriv Taviseburebebze.
    ganvixiloT ra xdeba fsiqologiuri dasjis
    SemTxvevaSi - dedam, romelic cremliani TvalebiT
    uebneba Svils, rom man imedi gaucrua, SeiZleba meti
    tkivili miayenos bavSvs, vidre cemam, vinaidan es
    sxvagvari tkivilia. fsiqologebi amas `siyvarulis
    uaryofas~ uwodeben. ase, mag.: deda nawyenia da xma
    uTrTis,mas saTqmeli TiTqos aRar aqvs. misi moZraobebi
    mkveTria, xelidan finjani uvardeba, cremlebi mosdis,
    aseTi suraTi TiTqos bevri CvenganisaTvis nacnobia.
    `siyvarulis xelyofis meTodi~ ar aRwers imas,
    Tu ris gakeTebs apirebs mSobeli, misi mizania ar
    gamoamJRavnos brazi, Tavi Seikavos.
    mSobeli,romelic Tavs uflebas ar aZlevs daartyas
    an dauyviros Svils, mainc flustrirebulia, igi
    Zalian gabrazebulia bavSvis saqcieliT da cdilobs
    ar gamoamJRavnos, ar `afeTqdes~, Tumca es Sinagani
    gancdebi mas garegnulad mainc etyoba; Cans, rom mas
    surs Tavisi grZnobebis damalva da es mcdeloba,
    Tavis gakontrolebis unari, bevris mTqmelia.
    SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es meTodi araagresiul-
    saimitacio modelia, rasac fizikur dasjaze ver
    vityviT. mozardebi Zalian advilad baZaven sxva piris
    agresiul moqmedebebs da ramdenadac dasja TavisTavad
    agresiis formaa, aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas,
    rom damsjeli mSoblebi aSkarad agresiul bavSvs
    zrdian. da mainc, maTi qceva SvilebisaTvis xSirad
    misabaZ models warmoadgens,aseTi mSoblebisagan isini

    55
    `gakveTilsac~ iReben - ar iyo agresiuli mSoblebis
    mimarT, radgan isini dagsjian, aramed iyavi agresiuli
    imaT mimarT, vinc pataraa an Senzea damokidebuli,
    gaakeTe ise, rogorc amas mSoblebi akeTeben. erTi
    sityviT, dasja aswavlis bavSvs mxolod imas, Tu
    rogor dasajos sxva.
    zogjer amboben, rom dasja aris reaqcia bavSvis
    agresiaze, rom agresia aris mizezi, dasja ki Sedegi.
    Magram, Tu davukvirdebiT, vnaxavT, rom saqme piriqiTaa,
    dasja warmoSobs bavSvis agresias. aris, agreTve,
    kvlevebi, romliTac Seiswavles agresiuli biWebis
    mSoblebis adrindeli atitedebi da aRmoCnda, rom am
    bavSvebs mamebi uaryofdnen jer kidev manamde, sanam
    isini agresiulebi gaxdebodnen. rac ar unda iyos
    pirveli - dasja Tu bavSvis agresia, erTi ram faqtia
    - bavSvis dasja, misTvis agresiuli modelis SeqmniT
    gazrdis mozardis agresiulobas,es ki stimuls miscems
    mSoblebs moumaton Zaladobas. mTeli rigi kvlevebi
    gvidasturebs, rom aRmzrdelis orientacias dasjiT
    meTodebze xSirad mivyevarT savalalo Sedegebamde;
    uxeSi da sastiki mSoblebis Svilebi arcTu iSviaTad
    xdebian nevrotulebi da fsiqopatebi.
    dasjis meTodebis aseTi uaryofiTi Sedegebi
    gvafiqrebinebs, rom, saerTod, garkvevas moiTxovs das-
    ja-waxalisebisa da imitacia-identifikaciis Sedare-
    biTi efeqturoba.
    Seqmnili mdgomareobidan gamosavalis moZebna did
    Zalisxmevas moiTxovs imisaTvis,imisaTvis,rom bavSvebis
    mimarT uxeSi damokidebulebis riski SevamciroT.
    mSoblebma aucileblad unda gamoiyenon pedagogiuri
    codna bavSvTa aRzrdis efeqtianad warmarTvisaTvis.
    bavSvebs unda SevTavazoT qcevis alternatiuli
    formebi, wynar viTarebaSi mSvidad unda avuxsnaT,
    Tu rogori saqcieli imsaxurebs dasjas da rogori

    56
    waxalisebas. Tu mSoblebi sjian raime saqcielis gamo,
    aucilebelia ganumarton, auxsnan bavSvebs ra daaSaves
    da risTvis unda daisajon. amiT mSobeli zogjer
    SeZlebs bavSvis dafiqrebas Tavis saqcielze, rac
    dadebiT Sedges aucileblad miiRebs. efeqturia, aseve
    Tu mSobeli mimarTavs skolis fsiqologs, bavSvTa
    daxmarebis fsiqologiur centrs da sxv.
    gvinda SevCerdeT bavSvebSi agresiis gamowvevis
    kidev erT umniSvnelovanes mizezze. `dRes seriozul
    problemad iqca mozardebis masobrivi, metismeti ga-
    taceba kompiuteruli TamaSebiTa da internetiT. bevr
    popularul TamaSSi personaJs metismetad saSineli
    meTodebiT xocaven. televiziiT nanaxi Zaladobis
    analogiurad, agresiis provocirebebs axdens, agreTve,
    videofilmebiT gatacebac.
    amerikel fsiqologTa mier Catarebuli kvlevebiis
    Sedegebis mixedviT bavSvebis 80% dReSi ramdenime
    saaTis ganmavlobaSi TamaSobs kompiuterze.
    Tanamedrove pirobebSi televizori da kompiuteri
    sul ufro metad asrulebs gamaSualebel socialur-
    fsiqologiur funqcias bavSvebis erTmaneTTan da
    ufrosebTan urTierTobaSi. samyaros, sazogadoebis
    Secnoba teleekranisa da kompiuteris meSveobiT,
    miuxedavad am ukanasknelis udidesi socialuri
    Rirebulebisa, umetesad, mainc xelovnuri da
    surogatuli procesia da ver cvlis SemecnebisaTvis
    saWiro uSualo da bunebriv, adamianur, sazogadoebriv
    urTierTobebs. amasTan, teleekrani da kompiuteruli
    TamaSobebi bavSvebs xSirad sTavazobs iseT programebs,
    romlebic gajerebulia adamianuri damokidebulebebis
    marginaluri, eqstremaluri stereoti pebiT, agresiisa
    da Zaladobis elementebiT. aseTi mimarTulebis
    garTobebi marTlac iwvevs mozardebSi moWarbebul
    agznebas, agresias.

    57
    bavSvebi da mozardebi, romlebic xSirad uyureben
    an upiratesobas aniWeben Zaladobis scenebs, ufro
    agresiulebi arian da TviTonac advilad sCadian
    Zaladobas sxvebis mimarT. samwuxarod, Tanamedrove
    pirobebSi mSobleTa mniSvnelovani nawili aRniSnuli
    garemoebis safrTxes ver acnobierebs da TiTqmis
    nebayoflobiT gadascems Tavis aRmzrdelobiT-
    didaqtikur funqciebs tele da kompiuterul ekrans.
    dRes, es problema globaluria da exeba Cveni
    Svilebis aRzrdas, momavali Taobis mier Tanamedrove
    teqnikuri saSualebebis racionalur gamoyenebas, mis
    fsiqikurad Camoyalibebas. unda vifiqroT, rogor
    SeZlon bavSvebma maqsimaluri sargebloba miiRon
    aRniSnul teqnikasTan urTierTobiT.
    video, telegadacemebisa da Tanamedrove
    teqnologiebis nakadi - bavSvTa agresiulobis
    Camoyalibebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi faqtoria.
    rogor davexmaroT agresiul bavSvebs? ganvixiloT
    bavSvebSi agresiis daZlevis zogierTi sakoreqcio
    saSualeba.
    agresiul bavSvebTan fsiqokoreqciuli zemoqmede-
    bis erT-erTi efeqturi saSualebaa fsiqoTerapia. igi
    bavSvebTan muSaobaSi pirvelma z. froidma gamoiyena.
    TamaSis meTodi fsiqoanalitikosebis azriT, aris sa-
    bavSvo fsiqoanalizis saukeTeso meTodi. isini TamaSs
    agresiulobis daZlevisaTvis mkurnalobis ZiriTad
    nawilad Tvlidnen. ana froidi bavSvebTan fsiqoT-
    erapiuli muSaobisas iyenebda agreTve `fokusebs~,
    mogvianebiT man, melani klainTan erTad, `fsiqodina-
    mikur TerapiaSi~ mravali Teoriuli modelis modi-
    fikaciis gaerTianebiT Seqmna am `TamaSis modeli~.
    maTi mizani iyo bavSvis problemebisa da travmebis
    gacnobierebaze muSaoba. hembniji bavSvebTan erTad
    TamaSobda, igi bavSvebs specialur masalebs urigeb-

    58
    da travmirebis imitaciis gonebaSi aRdgenisaTvis da
    uSualod TamaSis procesSi qmnida msgavs situacias.
    Tanac bavSvs exmareboda mis prezumciaSi. igi Tvlida,
    rom bavSvi amas namdvilad gaarTmevda Tavs. 30-ian
    wlebSi Seiqmna mTel rig `TamaSobaTa fsiqoTerapiis
    teqnika~, romelic ganzogadda `rogorc urTierTobis
    Terapia~. aq `Terapevtebi~ saubrobdnen bavSvis siR-
    rmiseuli SesaZleblobebis formirebaze, dabadebisas
    miRebuli travmis gavlenaze. rac ZiriTadad dedasTan
    daSorebiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli.
    agresiul bavSvebTan specialurad SemuSavebuli
    meTodikebis Sinaarsi unda efuZnebodes erTiano-
    bis princi ps. mSobels, fsiqologs da pedagogs unda
    mieces saSualeba, aRniSnuli meTodikis daxmarebiT
    Camouyalibos bavSvebs socialuri urTierTobis Cveve-
    bi. saWiroa bavSvs esmodes da ugebdes Tanatols, mas-
    Si dainaxos ara mowinaaRmdege an konkurenti, aramed
    saintereso da faseuli adamiani.
    dasasrul, gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom kvlevis
    Sedegebidan gamomdinare, ar unda warmovidginoT
    zedmetad rTulad agresiis daZleva, skolamdel da
    dawyebiT saskolo asakSi jer kidev SesaZlebelia
    bevri uaryofiTi Tvisebis aRmofxvra, aucilebelia
    ufrosebis (maswavleblebis,mSobelebis,fsiqologebis)
    mier maTdami swori da frTxili midgoma. agresiuloba
    yovelTvis ar atarebs negatiur xasiaTs, fsiqologebi
    mas zogjer steniur, aqtiur TavdacviT reaqciaze
    dafuZnebul emocias miakuTvneben. amitom,sakiTxi dgeba
    ara misi aRmofxvris, aramed, mxolod gamovlenisa da
    aucilebeli gakontrolebis Sesaxeb.
    socialuri sferos mowesrigebisaTvis efeqturia
    artTerapiis gamoyenebac. Ria agresiasTan da braz-
    Tan brZolis kargi saSualebaa iumori; amisaTvis
    SesaZlebelia bavSvebs wavukiTxoT aramtruli damok-

    59
    idebulebis amsaxveli komiqsuri siuJetebi. bavSvTa
    agresiis daqveiTebis kargi saSualebaa meti urTier-
    Toba ojaxis wevrebTan da naklebi televizorTan da
    kompiuterTan. unda vuCvenoT agreTve meti filmebi
    siyvarulze, sikeTesa da TanagrZnobaze da a. S.
    mecnierebma Caatares agresiuli bavSvebis socialur
    urTierTobaSi CarTvis eqsperimentuli muSaoba, masSi
    monawileobdnen 7-14 wlis asakis deviatori qcevis
    biWebi da gogonebi, romlebmac gaiares `socialuri
    daswavlis~ treningi. aRniSnuli eqsperimentis mizani
    iyo am bavSvebSi agresiulobis donis Semcireba.
    maT garkveuli xnis ganmavlobaSi utardebodaT 40-
    wuTiani varjiSebi, kerZod, flustirebis situaciebis
    araagresiulad mogerieba. varjiSis damTavrebis
    Semdeg mkvlevarebi akvirdebodnen monawileTa qcevebs
    - aSkarad SeimCneoda agresiuli donis daqveiTeba.
    maS, aRniSnuli kategoriis bavSvebTan muSaobisas
    agresiis daZlevis efeqturi saSualebebia:
    fsiqoTerapiuli TamaSobebi, socialuri daswavlis
    treningi,relasaciuri varjiSebi,rolebiani TamaSobebi
    da a. S. yovelive es, dRes warmatebiT gamoiyeneba
    mozardebTan da mozrdilebTan fsiqoprofilaqtikuri
    muSaobisas.

    60
    gamoyenebuli literatura

    1. T. gogiCaiSvili. moswavleTa asakobrivi fsiqologia. Tb.,


    2001.
    2. S. nadiraSvili. pirovnebis socialuri fsiqologia. T.,
    1975.
    3. l. svaniZe. leqciebi ekonomikis fsiqologiaSi. Tb.,
    2009.
    4. z. froidi. fsiqoanalizi. Tb., 1987.
    5. m. qurxuli. agresiuli bavSvebi. Tb., 2006.

    Izolda Bukhuleishvili
    Associate Professor

    About the reasons causing aggression in teenagers

    Aggression of children and teenagers is the international problem


    today. Scientists have estimated several reasons of aggression-
    violence as: biological, family upbringing style, examples of
    aggressive behavior, emotional stress experienced from the side of
    peers, frustration, aggressive television programs, computer games
    and mistakes made in upbringing.
    While working with children of that category, the effective means
    of aggression prevention are: psychotherapeutic games, social and
    educational trainings, relaxation exercises, imitating-role games and
    etc.

    61
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis
    asocirebuli profesori
    levan jinjixaZe

    qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis


    ZiriTadi orientiri

    qarTveli eris cxovrebaSi mSobliuri enis,


    da saerTod - qarTuli enisa da literaturis,
    mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb bevri dawerila. Mmisi Tundac
    zedapiruli mimoxilva Sors wagviyvanda. arada,
    qarTuli enis sidiadis warmoCenisaTvis geniosTa
    azrebis gaxsenebac kmara:
    grigol orbeliani - `ra ena waxdes, eric daeces”.
    solomon dodaSvili - `warmatebani enisa da
    sityvierebisani mowmoben aRmatebasa erisasa”.
    iakob gogebaSvili - `zurgis Seqceva deda-enisa
    didad vnebs xalxsa, aqveiTebs da ukan swevs”.
    rixard makelaini - `gamoxatvis saSualebebiT
    qarTuli ena msoflioSi erT-erTi umdidresia. is
    arc sityvis maragiT Camouvardeba yvelaze ufro
    ganviTarebul enebs”.
    rene lafoni - `qarTuli ena mSvenieri enaa, zusti da
    moqnili, originaluri”.
    gotfrid laibnici - `gamaoca qarTuli enis droTa
    da kiloTa siuxvem”.
    dodona kiziria - `qarTuli ena msoflios merve
    saocrebaa”.
    luiji magaroti - `qarTuli ena yovelTvis
    bednierebas maniWebs. CemTvis udidesi bednierebaa
    swored is, rom originalSi vkiTxulob qarTvel
    mwerlebs da vTargmni”.
    niko mari - `qarTuli eniT yvelaferi gamoiTqmeba,rac
    dedamiwaze SeiZleba gamoiTqvas ragindara eniT...

    62
    qarTuli ena, gansakuTrebiT cocxali qarTuli
    ena, maRalmxatvrulad gamosaxavs yovel azrs da
    daumaxinjeblad da Seuryvnelad gadmoscems. ise
    mdidaria qarTuli ena, SeiZleba iTqvas, Sinagani
    TvisebebiT igi msoflio enaa”.
    ovanes Tumaniani - literatura taZaria,sadac mxolod
    wminda sindisiTa da keTilSobili miswrafebebiT
    SeiZleba Sesvla. Mmagram rodesac adamianebi am
    taZars wvrilmani pativmoyvaruli miswrafebebiT,
    angarebiani miznebiTa da sicruisadmi midrekilebiT
    miadgebian, - es xalxis winaaRmdeg Cadenili udidesi
    danaSaulia”.
    swavlebaSi upirvelesad isaa aRsaniSnavi, rom
    mozards unda gamoumuSavdes ufaqizesi mimarTeba yvela
    enisadmi, maTi SeTvisebisa da Seswavlisaken ltolvis
    unari, magram mSobliuri ena misTvis RvTaebrivi unda
    iyos. Aamas SesaniSnavad miesadageba genialuri iohan
    volfgang goeTes sityvebi, romlebic man italiaSi
    Casvlisas warmoTqva: `me mxiblavs italia, magram
    mivesalmebi mtvers, romelic germaniidan gamohyva Cemi
    etlis borblebs”.
    dawyebiTi ganaTlebis specialobaze qarTuli eni-
    sa da literaturis dawyebiTi kursis swavlebis me-
    Todika erT-erT ZiriTad saswavlo sagans warmoad-
    gens. Mmisi swavleba am specialobaze srulyofilad
    gvesaxeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca saswavlo
    procesSi disci plinebi: qarTuli ena, metyvelebis
    kultura, qarTuli literaturis istoria, qarTuli
    zepirsityviereba, miTologia da sxv. qarTuli enisa
    da literaturis dawyebiTi kursis swavlebis meTo-
    dikasTan erTad qmnian erTian pedagogikur-meTodikur
    sistemas. Aam SemTxvevaSi optimaluradaa SesaZle-
    beli interdisci plinaruli meTodologiis meTodi-
    kuri princi pebis realizeba, saganTaSorisi kavSire-

    63
    bis mizanmimarTuli damyareba. aseT SemTxvevaSi Semo-
    qmedebiTad da zedmiwevniTaa SesaZlebeli dawyebiTi
    skolis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis qarTuli enisa da
    literaturis standartebisa da programebis, agreTve,
    dawyebiTi skolis maswavleblis Tanamedrove stan-
    dartebis moTxovnaTa Sesruleba, rac qarTuli sko-
    lis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze aucileblobas
    warmoadgens.
    dRes, roca dasasruls uaxlovdeba ganaTlebis re-
    formireba, roca SesaniSnavad damuSavda swavlebisa
    da ganviTarebis fsiqologiuri Teoriebi, axali midg-
    omebi swavlebisadmi, - sworad migvaCnia is faqti, rom
    swavlebisa da swavlis ZiriTadi moTxovnebi kritiku-
    li azrovnebis terminebSi gadaisaxa. unda SemuSavdes
    swavlebis iseTi modelebi, romlebic xels Seuwyobs
    mTeli saswavlo procesis manZilze yvela studen-
    tis kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas. Ees ki, Tavis
    mxriv, uzrunvelyofs yvela asakis moswavleebSi kri-
    tikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebs.
    am mimarTulebiT unda warimarTos mecnierul-
    meTodikuri kvlevac.
    kritikuli azrovneba gulisxmobs cnebaTa gaazre-
    basa da maTi faruli arsis kvlevas, maTdami skepti-
    kur damokidebulebas Tavazianobis farglebSi, maT
    Sepirispirebis gansxvavebul TvalsazrisTan, sarw-
    muno da sando sistemebis warmodgenas maTi siswo-
    ris dasasabuTeblad da am struqturebze dayrdno-
    biT garkveuli Tvalsazrisis SemuSavebas. kritikuli
    azrovneba SemoqmedebiTi integraciis procesia, igi
    procesia koncefciebisa da informaciis xelaxali
    konceftualizaciisa da SemuSavebis. Aaq intensiurad
    gamoiyeneba swavlebis gansxvavebuli strategiuli
    xerxebi. aq dominirebs oqros didaqtikuri formula:
    `Tu gsurT daimaxsovroT, - dagaviwydebaT; Tu gsurT

    64
    SeicnoT, - dagamaxsovrdebaT”.
    aq mainc umTavresTa Soris umTavresia, rom
    studenti daeuflos kiTxvis dasmis xelovnebas. aseT
    SemTxvevaSi mosalodneli konkretuli Sedegebia:
    • esmodes, Tu ra kavSiria kiTxvis dasmasa da
    kritikul azrovnebas Soris.
    • esmodes, Tu ra kavSiria zogadad kritikul
    azrovnebas, gadawyvetilebis miRebas, problemis gad-
    awyvetasa da azrovnebis process Soris.
    • SeeZlos moswavlisaTvis Txrobis teqstis
    gacnoba `provocirebis”, `mniSvnelobis realizebis”
    da `gaazrebis” etapebis gamoyenebiT.
    • SeeZlos klasSi kiTxvebis dasmis procesis
    warmarTva mravalvariantiani kiTxvebis gamoyenebiT.
    • esmodes moswavlisaTvis kiTxvebis dasmis
    mniSvneloba yvela doneze.
    • esmodes azrovnebis im procesis arsi, romelic
    ukavSirdeba sxvadasxva donis kiTxvebis dasmas.
    • SeeZlos, xSirad Seuqmnas moswavleebs
    wakiTxulisa da mosmenilis interpretirebis
    pirobebi.
    studentis kritikuli azrovnebis swori ganviTare-
    ba ganapirobebs kargi maswavleblis momzadebas. es
    ki winapirobaa dawyebiTi skolis moswavleTa swori
    swavlebis.
    swavlebis uamrav mizanTa Soris gansakuTrebuli
    adgili uWiravs esTetikur fenomens. tradiciulad,
    ganixilaven oTx ZiriTad esTetikur kategorias:
    mSveniers, amaRlebuls, tragikuls, komikurs. amaTgan
    mTavri yuradReba eqceva mSvenieris kategorias.
    saxelovan qarTvel mweralTa nebismieri nawarmoebi
    sityvis xelovnebis namdvili nimuSia ara marto ideuri
    gadawyvetiT, aramed Tavisi esTetikuri RirebulebiT.
    amdenad, misi daniSnuleba moswavlis zneobriv

    65
    aRzrdasa SemecnebiTi sferos gafarToebasTan erTad,
    aris esTetikuri tkboba. arc erTi nawarmoebi ar
    unda gagvifrindes swavlebisas xelidan ise, rom
    Cvenma moswavlem ver SeigrZnos masSi mSvenieri.
    mSvenieria amaRlebulic, tragikulic da komikuric.
    swavlebis procesSi tragikulis sulierad ganmwmend-
    amaRlebuli gavlena esTetikuri aRzrdis erT-erTi
    brwyinvale saSualebaa.
    literaturuli masalis swavlebisas, magaliTad,
    peizaJis aRweris swavlebas ganuzomlad didi
    esTetikuri Rirebuleba gaaCnia. igi studentisa
    Tu moswavlis esTetikuri grZnobis ganviTarebis
    mZlavri saSualebaa. studentsac da moswavlesac
    unda Camouyalibdes garkveuli amaRlebuli xedva
    peizaJis funqciebze:
    • gmirTa moqmedebis garemo, foni.
    • moqmedi piris an mwerlis sulieri ganwyobilebis
    an cxovrebisadmi misi damokidebulebis
    gadmocemis saSualeba.
    • siuJetis CanarTi epizodi,movlenaTa ganviTarebis
    erT-erTi rgoli.
    • nawarmoebis ideis gamomxatveli.
    • socialuri viTarebis gadmocemis saSualeba.
    • simbolika. zogjer aRwerili peizaJuri suraTi
    simbolurad ganasaxierebs ama Tu im movlenas.
    swavlebis procesSi rogorc students, momaval
    maswavlebels, ise SemdgomSi Sesabamisad moswavlesac,
    TandaTanobiT unda Camouyalibdes kognituri stili,
    rogorc saswavlo masalis SeTvisebis individualur
    TaviseburebaTa asaxva. roca saubroben kognituri
    stilebis Sesaxeb,maSin mxedvelobaSi aqvT SemecnebiTi
    procesebis Taviseburebani. kognituri stilebis
    Seswavla me-20 saukunis 50-ian wlebSi daiwyo. es
    stilebi SemoqmedebiTad unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli

    66
    qarTuli enisa da literaturis dawyebiTi kursis
    swavlebis meTodikaSi rogorc leqciebis kiTxvisas,
    ise praqtikul-seminaruli muSaobis procesSi. es
    stilebia:
    • velis diferencirebadoba (velis danawevrebuloba,
    fsiqologiuri diferenciacia).
    • kategoriebis ganzogadebuloba (globaluri -
    specifikuri).
    • konceptualizaciis stili (abstraqtuli -
    konkretuli).
    • reagirebis ti pi (impulsuroba - refleqsuroba).
    • kognituroba `sirTule - simartive”.
    mecnierul-meTodikuri kvleva unda warimarTos
    kognituri stilis gamomuSavebis mimarTulebiT.
    kvleva am mimarTulebiT xels Seuwyobs SemecnebiTi
    procesis gaaqtiurebas. B
    bolos, gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom aucileblobad
    migvaCnia hermenevtikuli meTodebis danergva qarTuli
    enisa da literaturis dawyebiTi kursis swavlebis
    meTodikaSi.
    pedagogis pirovnebis struqturaSi, pedagogiur
    logikasa da pedagogiur cnobierebasTan erTad,udides
    rols TamaSobs rwmena aRsazrdelis SesaZleblobebSi,
    aRfrTovaneba pedagogiuri zeamocanebiT - moswavlis
    pirovnebis ganviTareba da Camoyalibeba, pedagogiuri
    intuicia, improvizaciis unari, pedagogiuri
    artistizmi.
    pedagogikur-meTodikuri kvleva gverds ver auvlis
    am TvisebaTa diagnostirebas, maTi ganviTarebis
    gzebis Ziebas. amasTan, kvlevis mravali tradiciuli
    Tu inovaciuri meTodi, romlebic dakavSirebulia
    pedagogiuri movlenebis formalizaciasTan, aRmoCnda
    am saqmisaTvis uvargisi. Kkvlevis racionaluri
    meTodebi araa sakmarisi, isini ver swvdebian

    67
    zemoaRniSnuli Tvisebebisa da procesebis arsSi.
    aq mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, mivmarToT sakiTxis
    Seswavlis hermenevtikul saSualebebs.A

    gamoyenebiTi literatura

    1. samagido wigni maswavleblebisaTvis. vgegmavT,


    vatarebT, vafasebT. Tb., 2005.
    2. erovnuli saswavlo gegma da misi sagnobrivi
    programebi. Tb., 2005.
    3. ganaTlebis fsiqologia. red. m. jafariZe. Tb.,
    2005

    Levan Jinjikhadze
    Associate Professor

    Basic Guide of Georgian Language and Literature Teaching

    In this article there is underlined great significance of Georgian


    Language and Literature on each stage of development of our Nation.
    Hence it follows, that the main reference point of teaching Georgian
    Language and Literature stands out, because its development is
    necessary condition for Nation’s nobility. On the basis of this,
    critical thoughts are considered as the process of creative integration,
    the process of renewal conceptualization and elaboration of concepts
    and information are considered. Here dominates golden didactical
    formula: “ If you want to remember – you ‘ll forget, if you want to
    know, - you’ll remember” .

    68
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis
    sruli profesori
    jemal jinjixaZe

    maTematikuri metyvelebis ganviTareba


    dawyebiT skolaSi

    metyveleba aris enis meSveobiT adamianTa


    urTierTobis istoriulad Camoyalibebuli forma.
    adamianTa urTierToba enisa da metyvelebis gareSe
    SeuZlebelia. ena aris am urTierTobis fonetikur,
    leqsikur da gramatikul saSualebaTa sistema,
    metyveleba ki - urTierTobis forma anu procesi
    (komunikaciebi). ena da metyveleba mWidro kavSirSia
    erTmaneTTan. es kavSiri rogorc istoriuli, ise
    funqcionaluricaa; isini zemoqmedeben erTmaneTze
    da ganapirobeben erTmaneTis ganviTarebas, Tumca, ena
    metyvelebis safuZvelia.
    adamianebi urTierTobisas erTmaneTs uziareben
    TavianT azrebs, grZnobebs, survilebs. magram, amasTan
    erTad, isini zemoqmedeben erTmaneTze - ubrZaneben,
    Txoven da a. S. amis mixedviT ganasxvaveben metyvelebis
    or ZiriTad funqcias.
    metyveleba azris gamoxatvis saSualebacaa da amiT
    igi xdeba adamianis azrovnebis ZiriTadi meqanizmi.
    metyvelebiT urTierTobaSi monawileobs ori mxare -
    molaparake da msmeneli. amis Sesabamisad metyvelebiTi
    urTierTobebi SeiZleba ormxriv iqnes ganxiluli:
    rogorc sityvis warmoTqma, azris gamoxatva, axsna da
    rogorc am warmoTqmulis, gamoxatuli azris, axsnis
    aRqma da gageba.
    metyvelebis aRqmisas urTierTzemoqmedeben
    sxvadasxva analizatorebi (smeniTi, mxatvrobiTi,
    mamoZravebeli). am SemTxvevaSi smeniTi aRqma

    69
    ukavSirdeba molaparakis mimikisa da pantomimikis
    mxedvelobiT aRqmasa da im kinesinTezur SegrZnebas,
    romelic aRmocendeba sakuTari sametyvelo organoebis
    daZabvisas sxvisi metyvelebis mosmenis Sedegad.
    aRqmasa da gagebas Soris didi gansxvavebaa. aRqma
    aris enis materialur saSualebaTa analizisa da
    sinTezis pirveli done, gageba ki ufro maRali donea.
    aq xorcieldeba gamonaTqvamTa analizi da sinTezi
    maTi mniSvnelobisa da Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT.
    magram gageba ar arsebobs aRqmis gareSe. amitom es
    ori procesi unda ganixilebodes erT mTlianobaSi.
    unari imisa, rom mkafiod, cxadad, gamarTulad
    Camoayalibos Tavisi azrebi, sWirdeba yvelas, ga-
    nurCevlad yvelas. metyvelebis siwmindis, sisworis,
    gamomxatvelobiTobis dacvisaTvis zrunva yovelTvis
    evaleboda da dResac evaleba yvela saswavlo sagnis
    maswavlebels. swavlebis am sferoSi gansakuTrebuli
    wvlilis Setana SeuZlia maTematikas. sazogadodac
    cxadia, rom maTematikuri azrovneba azrovnebis umaR-
    lesi formaa.
    nebismier maTematikur TeoriaSi sakuTriv
    maTematikuri Sinaarsi da am Sinaarsis agebis ligika
    enis or komponentSi aisaxeba:
    • maTematikuri terminebi da simboloebi, romleb-
    sac aRniSnaven am TeoriaSi Sesaswavl obieqtebsa da
    mimarTebebs, Seadgenen am Teoriis enas.
    • logikuri terminebi da simboloebi, romlebic
    aRniSnaven logikur kavSirebsa da operaciebs, Sead-
    genen am Teoriis logikur enas. amasTan, logikuri
    kavSirebisa da operaciebis saSualebiT xdeba Teori-
    is winadadebaTa konstruireba da erTi winadadebidan
    gamoiyvaneba sxvebi.
    es ori komponenti bevri ramiT hgavs erTmaneTs.
    isini mWidrodaa gadaxlarTuli erTmaneTSi yoveli

    70
    maTematikuri winadadebisa Tu yoveli msjelobis Sig-
    niT. isini qmnian erTian enas.
    maTematikuri ena - es aris erToblioba yvela im
    saSualebisa, romelTa meSveobiT SeiZleba maTema-
    tikuri Sinaarsis gamoxatva. aseT saSualebebs mie-
    kuTvneba maTematikuri terminebi, simboloebi, sqemebi,
    grafikebi, diagramebi da sxv. magram gansakuTrebiTaa
    aRsaniSnavi is garemoeba, rom qarTvelTaTvis maTema-
    tika qarTul enazea ametyvelebuli da amdenad, qarTu-
    li, rogorc mSobliuri, enis yvela wesi, kanoni Tu
    kanonzomiereba maTematikuri metyvelebis sakuTriv
    organul nawilad unda miviCnioT. amasTan, qarTuli
    ena - es is samyaroa, sadac ifurCqneba da mwyobr
    sistemad yalibdeba moswavlis maTematikuri azrovne-
    ba, romelic savsea RvTaebrivi mSvenierebiT, Seudare-
    beli silamaziT, warmosaxviTi Tu poeturi saxeebiT,
    musikalobiTa da ferweruli gamomxatvelobiT.
    maTematikuri enis Sewavlisadmi arsebobs ori
    midgoma: semantikuri da sintaqsuri.
    semantika swavlobs niSnebs, enis gamoxatulebebs
    maTi azrobrivi mniSvnelobis,aRsaniSnavi obieqtisadmi
    maTi mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT. semantika gansazRvravs
    yoveli maTematikuri niSnis azrobriv mniSvnelobas.
    sintaqsi swavlobs enobriv gamoxatulebaTa
    agebis siswores maTi azrobrivi mniSvnelobebisagan
    damoukideblad. maTematikuri sintaqsi adgens
    gamosaxulebebSi,tolobebSi,utolobebSi,maTematikuri
    enis sxva winadadebebSi maTematikuri niSnebis
    gamoyenebis wesebs.
    maTematikuri enis agebisa da Seswavlisadmi ori,
    zemoT daxasiaTebuli, midgomis Sexameba niSnavs, rom
    am enis gramatikuli wesebi, maTematikuri da logi-
    kuri niSnebisagan Seqmnili konstruqciebi unda aix-
    snas semantikurad, maT Soris im SemTxvevebSic, roca

    71
    isini Camoyalibebulia rogorc sintaqsuri.
    semantikuri da sintaqsuri mimarTebebi unda iqnes
    ganxiluli SeTavsebis im saswavlo moRvaweobasTan
    (moqmedianobasTan), romelic maT SeTvisebazea ori-
    entirebuli. amitom maTematikuri enis aTvisebis
    fsiqologiur safuZvlad SegviZlia miviRoT swav-
    lisa da ganviTarebis cnobili Teoriebi. nebismieri
    saswavlo moqmedianoba Sedgeba moqmedebebisagan, moq-
    medebebi ki - operaciebisagan. moqmedebis Sesrulebis
    SeZlebas - unars uwodeben, xolo operaciis avtoma-
    turad Sesrulebis SeZlebas - Cvevas. Sesabamisad, me-
    tyvelebiTi Cveva - es aris avtomatizmamde dayvanili
    metyvelebiTi operacia; metyvelebiTi unari - es aris
    urTierTobebis sxvadasxva situaciebSi SeZenili
    codnisa da Cvevebis gamoyenebis SeZleba.
    maTematikuri enis formireba mimdinareobs etapo-
    brivad:
    1. saganTa arsebiTi da araarsebiTi niSnebiT operi-
    reba.
    2. klasifikaciis logikuri moqmedebebis floba.
    3. gvarisa da saxeobiTi gansxvavebis mixedviT cne-
    bis gansazRvris SeZleba.
    4. logikuri kavSirebiT operireba (~ara”, ~da”, ~an”)
    5. kvantorebiT operireba (~yvela”, ~zogierTi”,
    ~yoveli”, ~nebismieri”)
    6. umartivesi daskvnebis gamotanis SeZleba.
    kulturuli adamianis ena (metyveleba) unda iyos
    gramatikulad swori da Sinaarsiani, leqsikurad mdi-
    dari da zusti, logikurad gabmuli da Tanamimdevru-
    li, cocxali da gamomxatveli.
    mozardis metyvelebis kulturis ganviTareba sko-
    lis pirdapiri da friad sapasuxismgeblo amocanaa.
    am amocanis gadawyvetaSi didi roli unda iTamaSos
    maTematikis dawyebiTi kursis swavlebis procesmac.

    72
    aq laparakia moswavleTa maTematikuri metyvelebis
    ganviTarebaze. saerTod, maTematikuri metyveleba Tav-
    isi moculobiT da SinaarsiT, rogorc vTqviT, bevr
    rames moicavs, magram dawyebiT skolaSi metyvelebis
    ganviTarebis mxolod pirvel nabijebzea laparaki.
    dawyebiT skolaSi, moswavlis maTematikuri me-
    tyvelebis ganviTarebaze muSaobisas, maswavlebeli
    unda daeyrdnos qarTuli enis swavlebis meTodikas,
    gaiTvaliswinos maTematikis swavlebis Taviseburebani
    da moswavlis maTematikuri metyvelebis ganviTareba
    unda warmarTos Semdegi mimarTulebebiT:
    • muSaoba maTematikuri metyvelebis bgeriT mx-
    areze.
    • saleqsikono muSaoba maTematikur terminebze.
    • maTematikuri metyvelebis kulturis formire-
    ba.
    • gabmuli maTematikuri metyvelebis ganviTare-
    ba.
    muSaobis mTel sistemaSi mudmivi da Tanamimdevru-
    li yuradRebaa saWiro rogorc orToepiis, ise or-
    Tografiis mimarT.
    ganvixiloT saswavlo muSaobis zogierTi mi-
    marTuleba, romlebic xels uwyobs moswavleTa maTema-
    tikuri metyvelebis ganviTarebas.
    I. maTematikur terminebze muSaoba metad
    mniSvnelovani sakiTxia, moswavlem uSecdomod unda
    icodes ariTmetikul moqmedebaTa komponentebisa da
    Sedegebis saxelwodebani, rogoricaa: Sekrebisas -
    pirveli Sesakrebi, meore Sesakrebi, jami; gamoklebisas
    - saklebi, maklebi, sxvaoba; gamravlebisas - samravli,
    mamravli, agreTve, pirveli Tanamamravli, meore
    Tanamamravli, namravli; gayofisas - gasayofi, gayofi,
    ganayofi. moswavlem unda icodes ariTmetikul
    moqmedebaTa wakiTxva,icnobdes maT niSnebs da SeeZlos

    73
    maTi gamoyeneba saswavlo praqtikuli moqmedebisas.
    mas unda SeeZlos saTanado konteqstSi gamoiyenos
    terminTa qarTuli sinonomebi, rogoricaa: plus,
    mivumatoT, SevkriboT da a. S.
    saTanado yuradReba unda mieqces moswavleTa mier
    geometriuli figurebis dasaxelebaTa Seswavlas.
    moswavles unda SeeZlos figuris Cvenebisas
    daasaxelos figura. mas unda SeeZlos, agreTve, figu-
    raTa gamoxazva.
    terminebi zemoT aRniSnulis garda maTematikis
    dawyebiT kursSi kidev mravalia. yvela terminis da-
    muSaveba, saTanado praqtikuli savarjiSoebis ganx-
    ilviT, unda mimdinareobdes Segnebulobis maRal
    doneze.
    ganvixiloT zogierTi savarjiSo
    1. waikiTxeT terminebi, axseniT maTi mniSvnelobebi,
    gamoyaviT arsebiTi da zedsarTavi saxelebi: gamosax-
    uleba; maklebi; saTanrigo erTeulebi; ricxvebis nam-
    ravli; tolferda samkuTxedi, Sedgenili ricxvi, br-
    tyeli figura.
    2. maTematikuri terminebis gamoyenebiT waikiTxeT
    gamosaxulebebi: (28 + 16) : 4;17+8•(25 – 12); 72 – 42 :
    6.
    3. waikiTxeT gamosaxulebebi sxvadsxvanairad: 16 +
    43; 59 – 12; 15 • 8; 72 : 12.
    4. sworia Tu ara gamonaTqvamTa aseTi wakiTxva:
    • namravli 5 da 3 naklebia namravlze 6 da 4.
    • jami 5 da 9 Seamcires 3-iT, miiRes 42.
    • 12-isa da 37-is jami kenti ricxvia.
    5. CasviT gamotovebuli asoebi: num*racia; man*ili,
    *axnavi; d*ag*n*li; gamyo*fi; Ta*rigi.
    6. aRadgineT gamonaTqvamebi:
    • Tu SevaerTebT or ricxvs • • • niSniT, miviRebT
    ricxviT • • •

    74
    • tolgverda samkuTxedis • • • tolia.
    7. aRadgineT gamonaTqvami gabneuli sityvebiT: rom,
    da, aTeuls, xuTis, miviRebT, or, Tormeti, mivuma-
    toT, jams, samisa.
    8. i poveT Secdomebi: toloba, gantoloba, utoloba,
    brCxilebi, centraruli kuTxe, Sinjvis xerxi, sig-
    Ze, kvadraturi.
    msgavsi magaliTebis moyvana Zneli ar aris. mTavri
    is aris, rom maTematikuri metyvelebis ganviTarebaze
    muSaoba mimdinareobs iseve, rogorc mSobliur enaSi,
    mxolod - aq maTematikuri Sinaarsis masalebi iqneba
    gamosayenebeli.
    II. cnebaTa gansazRvraze muSaobisas, saTanado ter-
    minebTan dakavSirebiT, aranaklebi yuradReba unda
    mieqces. Tumca, marTalia dawyebiT skolaSi meti yura-
    dReba eqceva praqtikul mxares. magaliTad, Tu bavSvma
    marTkuTxa samkuTxedis gansazRvra icis, magram ar
    SeuZlia aseTi samkuTxedis arc Cveneba, arc daxazva,
    es cudia: aseTi codna aravis ar sWirdeba. Tu mas
    SeuZlia figuris daxazva da Cveneba, magram ar icis
    gansazRvra, es cudi ar aris, magram umjobesia, icodes
    orive erTad. dawyebiT skolaSi yvela cneba, romel-
    ic iswavleba, ar ganisazRvreba. zogierTi gansazRvra
    bavSvebisaTvis am asakSi naadrevia.
    III. rogorc viciT, maTematikis dawyebiTi kursis
    Teoriuli safuZveli simravleTa Teoriis elemen-
    tebia. swored amitomaa gamoyenebuli simravleebi
    didaqtikuri masalis saxiT. amasTan dakavSirebiT
    unda iTqvas, rom moswavleTa maTematikur metyvele-
    bas amdidrebs iseTi qarTuli sityvebis SeTviseba,
    romlebic garkveul saganTa simravles aRniSnavs.
    magaliTisaTvis moviyvanoT erTi savarjiSo
    1. ra ewodeba simravles:
    cxenebisas? (rema), msxvilfexa rqosani saqonlisas?

    75
    (naxiri), cxvrebisas? (fara), Txebisas? (arve), Rorebi-
    sas? (kolti), mtacebel cxovelTa? (xrova), frinvel-
    Ta? (gundi), gzaze mimavali datvirTuli manqanebisas?
    (aRali), udabnoSi mimavali aqlemebisas? (qaravani),
    meomarTa? (jari), gemis momsaxure pirTa? (eki paJi).
    2. ra ewodeba SekvraSi simravles:
    Calisas? (kona), purisas? (Zna), momkili purisas, rac
    erT xelSi daiWireba? (xeleuri), SeSisas? (gudura),
    Cirisas? (asxmula, acma), gasaRebebisas? (asxmula, acma),
    yurZnisas? (jagani), yvavilebisas? (Taiguli), xaxvis
    an nivrisas? (gala), isarTa? (qeSi), blisa? (kunwuli),
    eklisa, ZeZvisa? (jarji), giSrisa, qarvisa? (krialosani),
    Wiqis marcvalTa? (qarasta), margalitisa? (Sada), la-
    lisa? (CanCxura), Tambaqos xmeli foTlebisa? (avangi),
    balaxeulis kona, romelsac udeben abreSumis Wias
    parkis gasakeTeblad? (caxi).
    IV. kontrmagaliTis moyvana. moswavleTa maTema-
    tikuri metyvelebis ganviTarebaSi metad efeqturia
    kontrmagaliTis moyvana maswavleblis mier. vTq-
    vaT, magaliTad, maswavlebelma klass dausva kiTxva:
    rogor samkuTxeds ewodeba maxvilkuTxa? moswavlem
    misca pasuxi: samkuTxeds, romelsac gaaCnia maxvili
    kuTxe, ewodeba maxvilkuTxa samkuTxedi. aseT SemTx-
    vevaSi efeqti ara aqvs maswavleblis frazas: ar aris
    swori! umjobesia, man moiyvanos kontrmagaliTi: dax-
    azos dafaze marTkuTxa samkuTxedi da uTxras mos-
    wavles: ai, am samkuTxedsac gaaCnia maxvili kuTxe. aq
    moswavlis azrovneba aqtualizirdeba.
    am xerxis xSirad gamoyenebis Semdeg moswavleebi
    TviTon mieCvevian kontrmagaliTis moyvanas.
    V. maTematikuri karnaxis Catareba. maTematikuri
    karnaxis Catarebis organizaciis sakiTxebi Cven mier
    ganxilulia calke. aq aRvniSnavT mxolod imas, rom
    maTematikuri karnaxi xels uwyobs moswavlis maTema-

    76
    tikuri metyvelebis ganviTarebas Tundac imiT, rom
    masSi monawileobs maswavleblis daxvewili metyvele-
    ba da am metyvelebis aRqma, gageba da gaazreba moswav-
    lis mier.
    VI. logikuri savarjiSoebis Seruleba. logikuri
    savarjiSoebi, Tu isini meTodikurad swori Tanmim-
    devrobiTaa gamoyenebuli, didad aviTarebs moswavlis
    logikur azrovnebas, e. i. masTan erTad maTematikur
    metyvelebasac. logikuri savarjiSos Sesruleba
    moiTxovs yuradRebis mobilizebasa da mwyobr, mowes-
    rigebul msjelobas.
    moviyvanoT erTi magaliTi.
    CasviT niSani ~plusi” Semdeg cifrebs Soris 1, 2, 3,
    4, 5, 6, 7 ise, rom jami udrides 100-s.
    es savarjiSo logikuri xasiaTisaa. marTalia,
    igi moiTxovs sinjvis xerxis gamoyenebas da sinj-
    vas msjeloba ara sWirdeba, magram, roca moswavle
    pirveli sinjvisas Casvams Sekrebis niSnebs cifrebs
    Soris da miiRebs 100-ze nakleb an met mniSvnelobas,
    maSin Semodis msjeloba; moswavle fiqrobs, Tu rogor
    moiqces Semdegi sinjvis dros. sabolood igi Rebu-
    lobs or pasuxs:
    1 + 2 + 34 + 56 + 7 = 100,
    1 + 23 + 4 + 5 + 67 = 100.
    ris Semdegac isev sinjviTa da msjelobiT, amt-
    kicebs, rom sxva pasuxi ar SeiZleba arsebobdes.
    VI. saxelmZRvaneloze muSaoba. maTematikis dawye-
    biTi kursis swavlebis procesSi didi mniSvneloba
    unda mieniWos gakveTilze saxelmZRvanelos sworad
    gamoyenebis sakiTxs. TiToeuli magaliTisa Tu amo-
    canis wakiTxva unda atarebdes swavlebiT xasiaTs,
    rom araferi vTqvaT suraTebze pirvelklaselTaTvis.
    amocanaSi ar unda iqnes datovebuli arc erTi gauge-
    bari sityva. maswavleblisa da moswavleTa dialo-

    77
    gi, romelic xSirad mimdinareobs saxelmZRvanelos
    mixedviT, unda aigos da warimarTos ise, rom igi xels
    uwyobdes saswavlo procesis sxva mxaresTan erTad
    moswavleTa maTematikuri metyvelebis ganviTarebas.

    gamoyenebiTi literatura

    1. jemal jinjixaZe. dawyebiT skolaSi maTematikis


    swavlebis meTodika. Tbilisi, 1990.
    2. Н. Д. Десяева, Т. А. Лебедева, Л. В. Ассуирова. Культура
    речи педагога. М., 2003.
    3. А. В. Белошистая. Методика обучения математики в
    начальной школе. М., 2007.
    4. Н. Б. Истомина. Методика обучения математики в начальных
    классах. М., 2002.
    5. Н. Л. Стефанова и др. Методика и технология обучения
    математике. М., 2005.
    6. В. А. Гусев. Психолого-педагогические основы обучения
    математике. М., 2003.

    Jemal Jinjikhadze
    Full Professor

    Development of Mathematic Speech


    in Elementary School

    In this work methodic questions of Mathematic Speech


    Development is considered. This issue is not still paid due attention
    not in Mathematic-methodic literature nor in educational process.
    There is represented importance of mathematical language and
    Mathematic speech in development of Mathematic thinking and the
    issues of mathematic teaching methods are processed according to
    logical questions of teaching methodology developed by the logical
    stages of mathematical language.

    78
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis ganaTlebis
    samecniero-kvleviTi institutis
    mecnier-TanamSromeli,
    pedagogikis doqtori
    nana maisuraZe

    saswavlo teqstis sirTule da misi


    daZlevis pedagogikuri teqnologiebi

    saswavlo SemecnebiT procesSi didi mniSvneloba


    aqvs codnis gadacemas, romelic ZiriTadad xorciel-
    deba saxelmZRvanelos saswavlo teqstis safuZvelze.
    Aazrovnebis ganviTarebis problema mTavaria swav-
    lebis procesSi. codnis gadacemisa da SeTvisebis
    meTodikurma sistemam unda uzrunvelyos misi ganvi-
    Tareba, azrovnebas unda mihyavdes codna, rac aucile-
    belia SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebisaTvis.
    pedagogiuri kvlevis Sedegad mopovebuli masalebis
    safuZvlebze dadginda, rom skolaSi mecnierebis sa-
    fuZvlebis Seswavlisas moswavle bevr siZneles aw-
    ydeba, rac gansakuTrebulad iCens Tavs mecnieruli
    enis dauflebisas. Aamas mogaxsenebT mecnierebis erT-
    erTi dargis fizikis magaliTze.
    saskolo fizikuri ganaTlebis srulyofa iyo da
    rCeba ganaTlebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes prob-
    lemad, rac xazgasmiT aRniSna qveynis prezidentma
    Tavis erT-erT bolo gamosvlaSi. dawyebiTi skola,
    rogorc mogexsenebaT, eqvswliani gaxda da dawyebiT
    safexurze safuZveli unda Caeyaros moswavlis Semo-
    qmedebiTi da garemosadmi swori damokidebulebis
    Camoyalibebas. gansakuTrebiT mwvaved dgas fizikuri
    azrovnebis Camoyalibeba-ganviTarebis, fizikuri enis
    dauflebis sakiTxi. skolaSi fizikis Seswavla gar-
    damaval asakSi iwyeba da sakiTxi mTeli sigrZe-sigan-

    79
    iT warmoCindeba fizikis swavlebis I safexurze, mis
    dawyebiT etapze. Tu am asakis moswavleebs Tavidanve
    ar CamouyalibdaT fizikuri azrovneba saTanado
    codnisa da unar-Cvevebis SeZenis safuZvelze, Semdgom
    amis gakeTeba praktikulad SeuZlebelia. samwuxar-
    od, fizikis swavlebis meTodika, arsebuli saxelmZ-
    Rvaneloebi am problemis gadaWras saTanadod ar
    uwyobs xels, ar iTvaliswineben 12-13 wlis gardama-
    vali asakis moswavleebis asakobriv Taviseburebebs,
    fizikuri azrovnebis specifikas. magaliTad, Cveni
    gamokvleviT davrwmundiT, rom am asakis moswavleebi
    damoukidebeli fizikuri azrovnebisas, fizikur enaze
    metyvelebisas, rogorc wesi, ver iyeneben grZeli 9-10-
    ze met sityvian winadadebebs. yvelaze xSirad ki 5-6
    sityviani winadadebebiT sargebloben. Ees Tavisebu-
    reba ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli saswavlo litera-
    turaSi. Aam asakis moswavleebs sakmarisad aqvT ganvi-
    Tarebuli literaturul enaze metyveleba, xolo rac
    Seexeba fizikur enas, amas ver vityviT. moswavleTa
    mniSvnelovani nawili faqtobrivad fizikur enaze
    ver metyvelebs.
    sainteresoa, rogoria VII-VIII klasis moswavleTa
    fizikuri azrovnebis Tavisebureba winadadebis
    sirTulis mixedviT ?
    dakvirvebisaTvis SemoviReT pirobiTi dayofa mok-
    le da grZel winadadebad. Ppraqtikam gviCvena, rom
    optimaluria mokled CavTvaloT winadadeba, romel-
    ic ara umetes 8-9 sityvas Seicavs. mokle winadade-
    bis ZiriTadi saxeebia: martivi gauvrcobili, martivi
    gavrcobili, Serwymuli da rTuli Tanwyobili wina-
    dadebebi. Cvenma praqtikam gviCvena, rom grZeli wina-
    dadebebi (sityvaTa ricxvi 8-s aRemateba) pirobiTad
    SeiZleba davyoT “adviladkiTxvad” da “ZneladkiTx-
    vad” winadadebad. pirvels ganvakuTnoT Semdegi saxis

    80
    winadadebebi: martivi gauvrcobeli, Serwymuli, rTu-
    li Tanwyobili (da, an, anu, ese igi, Tu-kavSirebi), rTu-
    li qvewyobili (rom, imitom rom, ase rom-kavSirebiT).
    magaliTad, “adviladkiTxvadi” winadadebis nimuSia:
    “gaTbobisas sxeulze gadacemuli siTbos raodenoba
    imazecaa damokidebuli, Tu ra nivTierebisgan Sedgeba
    sxeuli”. “ZnelkiTxvads” ganvakuTnoT Semdegi saxis
    winadadebebi: martivi gavrcobili, rTuli Tanwyobi-
    li, rTuli qvewyobili. “ZneladkiTxvad” winadadebaTa
    magaliTebia: “sxeulis gasaTbobad saWiro an mis ga-
    civebisas gamoyofili siTbos raodenobis gamosaT-
    vlelad nivTierebis kuTri siTbotevadoba unda ga-
    vamravloT sxeulis masaze da misi udidesi tempera-
    turisa da umciresi temperaturis sxvaobaze”; an Tu
    sxeulTa zedapirebi kargadaa gaprialebuli, maSin
    Sexebisas maTi molekulebis nawili imdenad axlos
    ganlagdeba erTimeoresTan, rom sagrZnoblad iCens
    Tavs miziduloba mimxebi sxeulebis molekulTa So-
    ris”.
    winadadebebi aRebulia VII-VIII klasebis saxelmZR-
    vaneloebidan.
    ganvixiloT pedagogiuri eqsperimentis Sedege-
    bi. eqsperimenti Catarda sxvadasxva skolis VII-VIII
    klasebSi sxvadasxva dros. moswavleebs vaZlevdiT
    sakontrolo samuSaoebs, romlebic Seicavda sami ti-
    pis kiTxvas. es kiTxvebi SeZlebisdagvarad erTnairi
    sirTulis SevadgineT da isini moiTxovdnen gavrco-
    bil pasuxebs, rac aZnelebda mokle winadadebis gamoy-
    enebas. I ti pis kiTxva SesaZleblobas aZlevs moswav-
    les pasuxi gasces wignis mza winadadebis mixedviT,
    xolo II ti pis kiTxva-amokrifos Sinaarsidan Ziri-
    Tadad mza winadadebebi erTmaneTTan dakavSirebiT.
    III ti pis kiTxva moiTxovs damoukidebeli pasuxis
    gacemas, e. i. scildeba paragrafis uSualo Sinaarss,

    81
    magram misgan gamomdinareobs. cxadia, pirveli ori
    ti pis kiTxvazec SeuZlia moswavles damoukidebeli
    pasuxis gacema, rogorc amboben, Tavisi sityvebiT.
    nimuSis saxiT moviyvan magaliTs. Pparagrafi
    “xaxunis Zala” VII klasis saxelmZRvanelodan.
    I ti pis kiTxva – ras ewodeba xaxunis Zala?
    II ti pis kiTxva – rogor amcirebs saponis fena
    xaxunis Zalas?
    III ti pis kiTxva – iatakze merxis gasrialebisTvis
    saWiroa mniSvnelovani sididis Zala. axseniT I
    ti pis kiTxvaze pasuxi mza saxiT aris mocemuli
    saxelmZRvanelos teqstSi da is Semdegia: “Zalas,
    romelic warmoiqmneba erTi sxeulis zedapirze meoris
    moZraobisas da mimarTulia moZraobis mimarTulebis
    sapirispirod, xaxunis Zala ewodeba”.
    II ti pis kiTxvaze pasuxi teqstis Sinaarsidan aris
    amosakrefi. “saponis fena acalkevebs zedapirs. Aaxla
    srialeben saponis fenebi. maTi xaxuni ufro sustia,
    vidre zedapirebis”.
    III ti pis kiTxvaze ki saWiroa damoukidebeli
    pasuxis gacema. magaliTad, moswavleebi pasuxoben
    Semdegnairad: “imitom rom, xaxunis Zalaa”.
    sakontrolo samuSaoTa Sedegebma aCvena,rom I ti pis
    kiTxvaze swor pasuxebSi gvxdeba sakmarisad grZeli
    (16 sityviani da meti) da rTuli winadadebebi,radgan aq
    gamoyenebulia mzamzareuli winadadebebi wignidan. Ees
    ki niSnavs imas, rom am pasuxebSi mexsiereba dominirebs
    azrovnebaze, moswavleebi “sxvisi” winadadebiT
    metyveleben; II ti pis kiTxvaze swor pasuxebSi aseTi
    winadadebebis raodenoba sagrZnoblad mcirdeba (aq
    sityvaTa maqsimaluri raodenoba 12-s warmoadgens),
    magram mainc gvxdeba da metwilad imeorebs wignis
    mza winadadebebs. I da II ti pis kiTxvebze swori
    damoukidebeli pasuxebis raodenoba umniSvneloa da

    82
    isini ar cvlian saerTo suraTs. III ti pis kiTxvebze
    ki swor damoukidebel pasuxebSi iSviaTad gvxdeba
    grZeli winadadebebi. maqsimumi modis 4-5 sityvian
    winadadebaze. 10 sityvaze meti sityviani winadadebebi
    ki saerTod ar gvxdeba.
    pedagogikuri eqsperimentis Sedegebis analizma
    gviCvena, rom pasuxebis mokle winadadebebSi
    saxeebis mixedviT ZiriTadad martivi winadadebebi
    (61%) gvxdeba. moulodneli aRmoCenda, rom mcirea
    Serwymuli winadadebaTa wili (3%). gvxdeba rogorc
    rTuli Tanwyobili (18%), aseve rTuli qvewyobili(18%)
    winadadebebic. rac Seexeba grZel winadadebebs swor
    damoukidebel pasuxebSi, rogorc aRvniSneT, isini
    iSviaTia, magram SesaZleblobas iZleva garkveuli
    daskvnebis gakeTebisTvis. yvela maTgani ar aris
    moswavleTa metyvelebisTvis Zneli, saxeldobr,
    grZeli rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebebi da; e. i.
    makavSirebeli sityvebiT ubralo jamia mokle martivi
    winadadebebisa da “adviladkiTxvadia”. magaliTad,
    “WurWelSi moTavsebuli airis wona mcirea da misi
    woniT ganpirobebuli wneva xSirad SeiZleba arc ki
    gaviTvaliswinoT”. aseTivea zogierTi ti pis rTuli
    qvewyobili winadadebac (magaliTad, imitom rom-iT
    daqvemdebarebuli). saxeldobr, “muSaoba ar sruldeba
    imitom, rom sxeuli ar gadaadgildeba”.
    sxva saxis grZeli winadadebebi “ZneladkiTxvadia”,
    maT Soris martivi gavrcobili mravali aramTavari
    wevriT. magaliTad, “erTi wrfis gaswvriv
    urTierTsawinaaRmdegod mimarTuli ori Zalis
    tolqmedi mimarTulia meti modulis mqone Zalis
    mxares”. aseTi winadadebis gamoyeneba moswavleebs
    sakmaod uWirT. Ees winadadeba “adviladkiTxvadi”, rom
    gaxdes umjobesia misi gamarTva Semdegnairad: “erTi
    wrfis gaswvriv urTierTsawinaaRmdegod mimarTulia

    83
    ori Zala. maTi tolqmedi mimarTuli iqneba meti
    modulis mqone Zalis mxares”.
    amgvarad, monacemebi gvaZlevs, rom gardamavali
    asakis moswavleebs damoukidebeli fizikuri
    azrovneba SeuZliaT, rogorc wesi, araumetes 9-10
    sityviani winadadebiT (sxvadasxva saxis). ZiriTadad
    ki isini metyveleben 5-6 sityviani winadadebiT.
    sainteresoa, rom araswori pasuxebis statistika
    igive suraTs iZleva; sityvebis raodenoba winadadebaSi
    8-9-s ar aRemateba, e. i. moswavleebi saerTod ver
    iyeneben mravalsityvian winadadebas.
    iTvaliswineben Tu ara fizikis saxelmZRvaneloebi
    fizikuri enis da azrovnebis am asakobriv specifikas
    ?
    gaavanalizeT ramdenime saxelmZRvanelo. Yyoveli
    klasis saxelmZRvanelodan paragrafebs viRebdiT
    SemTxveviTi SerCevis xerxiT da amonakrebis moculoba
    aRemateboda wignis moculobis mesameds. aseTi midgoma
    statistikur suraTs iZleva mTeli wignisaTvis.
    TiToeul paragrafSi viTvlidiT grZeli da mokle
    winadadebebis raodenobas winadadebaTa saxeebis
    mixedviT. mdgomareoba yvela saxelmZRvanelosTvis
    daaxloebiT erTnairi gamovida im TvalsazrisiT, rom
    grZel winadadebaTa wili uzomod didia – aRemateba
    50%-s. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom gardamaval asakSi
    yvela grZeli winadadeba “ZneladkiTxvadi” ar
    aris – ZiriTaTad rTuli qvewyobili da grZeli
    “CaxlarTuli” martivi gavrcobili winadadebis garda
    – mainc Zalze arasaxarbielo suraTi gvrCeba.
    winadadebaSi sityvaTa maqsimaluri raodenoba 32
    – 34 – mdea (?!), xolo sixSiris maqsimumi modis 8-9
    sityvian winadadebaze.
    saxelmZRvaneloTa analizma aCvena, rom mokle
    winadadebaSi Sedis ZiriTadad (58%), mniSvnelovania

    84
    rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis wilic (13%), Zalze
    iSviaTia Serwymul winadadebaTa wili (3%), sagrZnobia
    mokle rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis wili (27%).
    saxelmZRvaneloTa sul cota 30% (realurad
    meti) dawerilia fizikuri enisa da azrovnebis
    ganviTarebisTvis xelSemSleli eniT-aseT gakveTils
    moswavleTa umravlesoba ubralod ver moyveba. Ees
    niSnavs, rom maT ar uyalibdebaT fizikuri azrovneba
    da ena safuZvelSive, Semdgom ki amis gakeTeba
    SeuZlebelia. Sedegi ki is aris, rom, rogorc amas
    moswavleTa mravalricxovani gamokiTxva gviCvenebs,
    didi nawilisTvis fizika gaugebari da uintereso
    sagania.
    sainteresoa, rogor icvleba mdgomareoba fizikis
    swavlebis II safexurze (ufrosi asakobrivi jgufi,15-17
    wlebi)? am asakis moswavleTa azrovneba da metyveleba
    mniSvnelovnad ganviTarebulia, vidre gardamavlisa,
    magram saxelmZRvaneloTa analizi migviTiTebs imaze,
    rom am SemTxvevaSic ar aris fizikuri enis specifika
    gaTvaliswinebuli.
    ra Tqma unda, ar aris aucilebeli mTeli
    saxelmZRvanelo mokle winadadebiT daiweros, magram
    zomieri Tanafardoba ki unda davicvaT, grZeli da
    rTuli winadadebebic unda gamoviyenoT, rom xeli
    SevuwyoT moswavleTa azrovnebis ganviTarebas. maTi
    raodenoba ar unda iyos didi. Cveni dakvirvebiT,
    grZel winadadebaTa wili saswavlo teqstSi ar
    unda aRematebodes daaxlovebiT 10%-s, amasTanave
    aseT winadadebaTa absoluturi umravlesoba unda
    iyos “adviladkiTxvadi”. sasurvelia “ZnelkiTxvadi”
    grZeli winadadebebi ar gamoviyenoT, magram rodesac
    ar xerxdeba amis dacva (magaliTad,zogierTi fizikuri
    gansazRvrebis Camoyalibebisas), maTi wili 2-3%-s ar
    unda aRematebodes.

    85
    sainteresoa, rom es monacemebi kargad eTanxmeba
    informaciis damaxsovrebis zogad formulas 7+2. es
    niSnavs,rom winadadebis saSualo sigrZes gansazRvravs
    Sinagani operatiuli mexsiereba.
    riT aris cudi grZeli winadadeba winadadebis
    saxisgan damoukideblad?
    germaneli lingvistebis gamokvleviT normalur,
    zrdasrul adamianTa mxolod naxevars SeuZlia
    gaigos fraza,romelic Sedgeba 13%-ze meti sityvisagan,
    absoluturad normaluri, zrdasruli adamianebis
    mesamed nawils, rodesac is usmens winadadebis me-14 da
    momdevno sityvebs, saerTod aviwydeba misi dasawyisi.
    mkvlevarTa daskvna aseTia: Tu ginda, rom Sen gagigon,
    ar unda warmoTqva grZeli frazebi!
    Jan-Jak ruso bodiSs uxdis megobars, rom drois
    uqonlobis gamo vrceli werili miwera mas.
    Sors wasvla rad gvinda, jer kidev didi SoTa
    rusTaveli ambobda “grZeli sityva mokled iTqmiso”.
    amgvarad, grZeli winadadebiT naweri teqstis,
    miT umetes fizikuris, gasagebad moswavlem igi
    ramdenjerme unda waikiTxos, raTa winadadebis
    boloSi Cavides. es ki Zalze arTulebs wakiTxulis
    gagebas. aseTi Znelad gasagebi winadadebebiT aris
    dawerili saswavlo teqstis saSualod 30% mainc.
    garda amisa, rogorc dakvirvebam aCvena, damoukidebel
    pasuxebSi gardamavali asakis moswavleebi aseT
    grZel winadadebebs ver iyeneben. amrigad, moswavle
    aseT gakveTils praqtikulad ver mohyveba, igi ver
    eufleba fizikur enaze metyvelebas. esec aris mizezi,
    rom skolaSi fizikis swavlebis praqtikidan (da ara
    mxolod fizikisa), amovarda gakveTilis moyola.
    rogorc Cans, Cven yvela SeveCvieT standartul
    fizikur enaze metyvelebas, romelic mozardisTvis
    mZime da gaugebaria da aucilebelia misi arsebiTi

    86
    gadaxaliseba fizikis axali, Tanamedrove qarTuli
    saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis Sesaqmnelad.
    xazgasasmelia, rom mocemuli rekomendaciebi ex-
    eba winadadebaSi sityvaTa ganawilebis statistikur
    kanonzomierebas, romelic asakobrivi Taviseburebebi-
    Taa ganpirobebuli, ganxorcieleba ki rCeba individis
    (avtoris) SemoqmedebiT aqtad, romelSic misi niWi da
    SesaZlebloba aisaxeba. saukeTeso nimuSad gamodgeba
    qarTuli zRaprebi, romlebic mokle da naTeli wina-
    dadebis safuZvelze mravalferovan mxatvrul sam-
    yaros qmnis.

    gamoyenebuli literatura

    1. n. gogiCaiSvili azrovnebisa da metyvelebis urT-


    ierTmimarTebis genezisi ganviTarebis procesSi. in-
    teleqti, 1999, #2. gv. 251-253.
    2. l.vaWaZe Tanamedrove qarTuli enis sintaqsi. Tb.,ganaTleba,
    1988.
    3. Вокруг света, 1984, #12, c.61.
    4. fizikis saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebi (VII-VIII kl.).

    Sukhumi State UniversityScientific Research Institute of

    Education
    Doctor Eduard Nana Maisuradze
    The work givs a comparatively analysis especially thought of
    teenagers and text of physics school-book. Theoretical aspects of this
    matter are orked out and some examples of their concrete realization
    are given.

    87
    soxumis saxemwifo universiteti
    ganaTlebis samecniero-kvleviTi instituti

    mecniereba da skola

    samecniero-pedagogikuri

    Sromebis krebuli

    m e c n i e r e b i s b i l i k z e

    Tbilisi 2010

    88
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis ganaTlebis
    samecniero-kvleviTi institutis samecniero peda-
    gogiuri Sromebis krebuli ,,mecniereba da skola”
    momaval maswavleblebs: bakalavriatisa da magistra-
    turis studentebs, doqtorantebs Tavazobs specialur
    gverds saxelwodebiT ,,mecnierebis biliki”. Kkrebu-
    lis mizania student-axalgazrdobas daexmaros pro-
    fesiul daostatebaSi. Seuqmnas Sinagani SemecnebiTi
    motivacia garegani stimulis meSveobiT. Seayvaros
    da SeaCvios damoukidebel saswalo-inteleqtualur-
    produqtiul muSaobas, gamoumuSavos pedagogiuri kv-
    levis Teoriuli da praqtikuli unar-Cvevebi. Gise
    dadebiTad ganawyos arCeuli profesiisadmi, Tavisi
    SesaZleblobebisadmi, rom miuxarodes skolaSi Ses-
    vla, rogorc maswavlebels.
    es rom mxolod ocneba ar aris, amaSi erTxel
    kidev maSin davrwmundiT, roca I kursis studentebs
    SevTavazeT samecniero konferenciaze monawileoba,
    aRuTqviT saTanado xelmZRvaneloba da maT mier
    Sesrulebuli Sromebis gamoqveyneba. aRfrTovanebulma
    studentebma SeTavazebuli SesaZlebloba aRiqves
    rogorc socialurad Rirebuli pedagogiur procesi
    da gamalebiT Seudgnen samecniero-kvleviT muSaobas.
    cxadia, gaviTvaliswineT maTi sinorCe am sferoSi da
    SemovifargleT martiv referatul doneze muSaobiT.
    sxvebisTvasac ki advili dasanaxi iyo, rogori
    seriozulobiT, pasuxismgeblobiTa da SemarTebiT
    muSaobdnen studentebi da rogor xarobdnen samecniero
    konferenciaze warmatebuli gamosvliT. axla
    warmoidgineT, Tu ra sixaruli da aRmafrena daeuflebaT
    maT, roca ixilaven TavianT pirvel Sromebs profesor-
    maswavlebelTa gverdiT gski – is samecniero pedagogiuri
    Sromebis krebulis pirvel nomerSi gamoqveynebuls.
    gulnaz xuxua

    89
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis
    ganaTlebis fakultetis I kursis studenti
    Teona gabunia
    samecniero xelmZRvaneli prof. g. xuxua.

    maswavleblis profesiis pirovnuli


    da sazogadoebrivi roli da mniSvneloba

    kacobriobis istoriaSi maswavlebelis profesias


    gamorCeuli adgili ukavia. Aarosdros aravin gamxdara
    didi adamiani maswavleblis gareSe. antikuri xanis berZeni
    filosofosebi sokrate, platoni, aristotele, pedagogikis
    mecnierebis fuZemdebeli, I saukunis romaeli mecnier-
    pedagogi da oratori markus fabius kvintiliane da sxvebi
    sazogadoebis ganviTarebas, qveynis kulturul aRmavlobas
    maswavleblis saxels ukavSirebdnen. i. gogebaSvili,
    ilia WavWavaZe da sxva rCeuli mamuluSvilebi did
    imedebs amyarebdnen maswavleblebze erovnuli kulturis
    SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis mzrunveli Taobis
    momzadebis saqmeSi.
    pedagogikis klasikosebs kargad esmodaT, maswavleblis
    roli da mniSvneloba. amitom isini araviTar epiTetebs ar
    iSurebdnen misi saxelis sadideblad. Mm. f. kvintilianv
    maswavlebels mxedarmTavars adarebs, ian amos komenski
    - mzes, i. gogebaSvili maswavlebels sulier moZRvars
    uwodebs. k. uSinski aRniSnavs, rom ,,yvelaferi skolidan
    iwyeba, skola ki maswavleblidan~.
    skolis avtoriteti maswavlebelis kvalifikaciaze da
    mis pirovnul Rirsebazea damokidebuli. Mmaswavleblis
    Rirseba ki misi aRzrdilebis RirsebiT ganisazRvreba.
    Ees ki me, rogorc momaval maswavlebels, mavaldebulebs
    seriozulad movekido Cems profesiul daostatebas.
    pedagogikis saxelmZRvaneloSi ise gasagebad aris
    ganmartebuli maswavleblis cneba, misi profesiuli arsi

    90
    da daniSnuleba, rom momaval maswavlebels Segnebulad
    ganawyobs arCeuli profesiisadmi. magaliTad: ,,maswavlebeli
    aris oficialuri piri,romelsac miRebuli aqvs specialuri,
    umaRlesi pedagogiuri ganaTleba, aRWurvilia swavlebisa
    da aRzrdis TeoriiTa da pratikiT da kacobriobis mier
    dagrovili codna-gamocdilebis garkveul marags gadascems
    axal Taobas,misi damoukidebeli Segnebuli cxovrebisaTvis
    momzadebis mizniT.” aman da im ZiriTad pedagogiurma
    Tvisebebma, rac maswavlebels unda axasiaTebdes, erTgvari
    SiSic ki momgvara, magram pedagogikis leqciebis mosmenisa
    da saTanado pedagogiuri literaturis Seswavlis Semdeg
    es SiSi pasuxismgeblobaSi gadavida. gansakuTrebiT maSin,
    roca gavige, rom yvala is moTxovnebi, rasac maswavlebels
    Tavisi profesia uyenebs, mecnierulad damuSavebuli da
    praqtikaSi aprobirebulia. maswavlebels isRa darCenia, rom
    krgad daeuflos miRweuls da mihyves misi ganviTarebis
    dinamikas.
    pedagogikis mecnierebaSi maswavleblisadmi pedagogiur
    moTxovnebSi (qristianuli morali, Tavisi sagnis Rrmad
    da mosazRvre mecnierebaTa safuZvlebis codna, bavSvebis
    siyvaruli, gadacemis unari, saqmisadmi SemoqmedebiTi
    midgomis unari,avtoriteti,sindisi,zneobrivi da esTetikuri
    kultura, mecnieruli da mxatvruli ena-metyveleba,
    garegnuli ier-saxe - Cacmuloba, varcxniloba, mimka,
    intonacia, Jestikulacia, da a. S.) gansakuTrebuli adgili
    ukavia siaxlis SegrZnebis unars, romelic maswavlebels
    sulierad ajansaRebs da aaxalgazrdavebs. moZvelebulsa
    da arqauls - vkiTxulobT pedagogikur literaturaSi -
    CaWidebuli maswavlebeli kargavs peadagogiur funqcias da
    cxovrebas CamorCenili ,,ukan midevnebuli lampariviT” (s.s.
    orbeliani) iqneba. rogorc v. afridoniZe wers,maswavleblis
    cocxal sityvas, rogorc mTavar pedagogiur iaraRs ,Zlieri
    dadebiTi emociebis gamoweveva SeuZlia aRsazrdelebSi, Tu
    is dafuZnebulia cocxal fqtebze, realur magaliTebze,

    91
    maRal mWevrmetyvelebaze da cnebiT-kategoriebze.
    gogebaSvili wers,rom maswavleblis ,,Rirseba ganizomeba
    gonebrivi simaRliT, zneobrivi sispetakiT da sikeTiT,
    romelsac Tesavs igi Tavisi moRvaweobiT.”
    maswavleblis avtoritetTan dakavSirebiT k. melaSvili
    wers: ,,saWiroa maswavlebelma SemoqmedebiTad,kompetenturad
    gamoiyenos avtoritetis mopovebis Yyvela saSualeba da
    aiyvanos igi xelovnebis donemde.”
    pedagogiuri urTierTobebis problemasTan dakavSirebiT,
    Cemi yuradReba miiqcia n. zaaliSvilis Sexedulebebma,
    kerZod, pedagogiuri urTierTobebis xerxebma da taqtikam.
    bavSvis pirovnebis Secnoba, aRiareba da miReba, aseve S.
    amonaSvilis TanamSromlobis pedagogikam, saurTierTo
    situaciebis Seqmnisa da miznobrivad gamoyenebis xerxebma.
    rom maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos bavSvis interesebi
    da SesaZleblobebi,misi ganviTarebis Semdgomi perspeqtivebi,
    miiCnios igi sruluflebian partniorad TanamSromlobis
    pirobebSi.
    maswavleblis Sesaxeb jer-jerobiT mwiri, magram mniS-
    vnelovani informaciis miRebis Semdeg davrwmundi, rom mas-
    wavlebloba, marTlac, RvTiuri profesiaa, ganusazRvre-
    lia misi pirovnuli da sazogadoebrivi Rirebuleba. sx-
    visi swavleba da damoZRvra, ganaTlebuli, sulierad da
    zneobrivad mdidari, daxvewili esTetikuri gemovnebisa da
    fizikurad jansaRi, srulfasovani axali Taobis momzade-
    ba didi pativia da amis moraluri, inteleqtualuri da
    profesiuli ufleba unda hqondes mas mopovebuli Tavisi
    ganaTlebiT, patiosnebiT, keTilzneobiT. magram aseve mas-
    wavleblis sazeo Sroma saTanadod unda iyos Sefasebuli
    saxelmwifos, sazogadoebisa da mSoblebis mier.
    dasasruls, maswavleblisadmi Cemi damokidebuleba
    minda sakuTari muziT gamovxato:
    maswavlebeli legenda,
    maswavlebeli lampari,

    92
    mSoblis Tvalebis SuqiviT
    momavlis mzeriT gamTbari.
    Cvenze dardsa da zrunvaSi
    dRedaRam uTenebia,
    magram daRla ar ugvrZnia,
    muxli ar moudrekia.
    dro midis, wlebi miqrian,
    Taobas misdevs Taoba,
    maswavlebeli vadidoT,
    es aris g a m b e d a o b a !

    vazis fesviviT Cagefesvebi, miwao Cemo, oRond msxmoiare


    nayofi mivce mamuls!
    Teona gabunia

    gamoyenebuli literatura:

    1. g. xuxua. pedagogika, Tb., 2009.


    2. S. amonaSvili. gamarjobaT, bavSvebo. Tb., 1989.
    3. v. afridoniZe. maswavlebeli - codnis Cauqrobeli
    lampari. Tb., 1990.
    4. n. zaaliSvili. pedagogiuri urTierToba. Tb., 2003.
    5. k. melaSvili. pedagogiuri xelovneba. Tb., 2004.

    Teona Gabunia
    Sokhumi State University
    Faculty of Education, I year student

    Teacher’s Social and Personal Role and Meaning


    Teacher has a decisive role in the society to prepare the new generation, that’s
    why a teacher has to satisfy professional requirements. Because of that a
    teacher has to raise the level of qualification on the ground of international
    pedagogical achievements.

    93
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis
    ganaTlebis fakultetis I kurs studenti
    irina gudaZe
    samecniero xelmZRvaneli prof. g. xuxua

    pedagogiuri kanonebi da princi pebi - aRzrdis


    umTavresi safuZveli

    ganmartebiTi leqsikonis Tanaxmad, kanoni aris


    sagnebsa da movlenaTa Soris arsebuli mudmivi
    da ucvleli kavSiri. kerZod, pedagogiuri kanoni
    ki, zogadi filosofiuri kanonis dakonkreteba
    konkretul pedagogiur sferoSi pedagogikis kvlevis
    obieqtisa da miznis Sesatyvisad.
    pedagogiur kanonebTan dakavSirebiT a. distervegi
    werda: ,,pedagogiuri kanonebis ucodinaroba utifrobaa,
    misi gamouyenebloba ki - barbarosoba.
    pedagogikis saxelmZRvaneloTa Sedarebis
    Sedegad gamoCnda, rom zogierTi avtori saerTod
    ar axsenebs Tavis wignSi pedagogiur kanonebs. zogi
    ki gakvriT moixseniebs mas da ZiriTadad yuradReba
    kanonzomierebazea gadatanili. magaliTad, n. vasaZe
    Tavis saxelmZRvaneloSi saubrobs pedagogiuri
    procesis kanonzomierebebze, dasaxelebuli aqvs
    7 kanonzomiereba da kargadac axsnili, rasac ver
    vityviT pedagogiur kanonebze.
    z. cucqiriZe Tavis pedagogikis saxelmZRvaneloSi
    aRzrdis kanonzomierebebs exeba, magram ZiriTad
    pedagogiur kanonebze naklebad amaxvilebs yuradRebas.
    igive mdgomareobaa vl. Ggaguas pedagogikaSic. rac
    Seexeba g. xuxuas pedagogikas, Aaq gansakuTrebuli
    yuradRebaa daTmobili pedagogiur kanonebze. is
    calke Tavad aris gamoyofili saxelmZRvaneloSi,
    rac maswavlebels mianiSnebs mis gansakuTrebul

    94
    mniSvnelobaze aRzrdaSi.
    pedagogikis kursis dasrulebis Semdeg mivxvdi, rom
    pedagogikis yvela sakiTxi mniSvnelovania aRzrdaSi,
    magram Cemze Zalian didi gavlena moaxdina pedagogikis
    kanonebma da princi pebma. Ees kanonebia:
    1. bavSvis bunebsTan aRzrdis Sesabamisobis kanoni.
    2. aRzrdis miznis sazogadoebrivi moTxovnebiT
    ganpirebulobis kanoni.
    3. swavlebisa da aRzrdis erTianobis kanoni.
    4. aRzrdis miznisadmi mTeli pedagogiuri procesis
    daqvemdebarebulobis kanoni.
    rogorc pedagogika gvaswavlis, am kanonebis praq-
    tikul realizacias uzrunvelyofs pedagogiuri
    princi pebi. Eesenia: mecnierulobis, mizanswrafulo-
    bis, Segnebulobisa da aqtiurobis, sistemurobisa da
    Tanmimdevrobis, misawvdomobis, TvalsaCinoebis, moswav-
    leTa asakobrivi da undividualuri Taviseburebis
    gaTvaliswinebis, Teoriisa da praqtikis erTianobis,
    codna-gamocdilebis Rrmad da mtkiced SeTvisebis,
    moswavlis pirovnebisadmi pativiscemis, aRzrdaSi
    dadebiTze dayrdnobis, skolis, ojaxisa da sazoga-
    doebis TanamSromlobis princi pebi da a. S.
    rogorc gavige, am da sxva pedagogiur sisteme-
    bis kavSirs mohyavs moqmedebaSi mTeli saswavlo-
    aRmzrdelobiTi procesi. Ppedagogiur kanonebisa da
    princi pebis urTierTmimarTebasTan dakavSirebiT min-
    da TvalsaCino nimuSi moviyvano. magaliTad, bavSvis
    bunebasTan aRzrdis Sesabamisobis kanonis ganxor-
    cielebas emsaxureba aRsazrdelis asakobrivi da in-
    dividualuri Taviseburebebis gaTavaliswinebis prin-
    ci pi da mis safuZvelze xdeba moswavlesTan urT-
    ierTobis, TanamSromlobis pedagogiur RonisZiebaTa
    sistemis SemuSaveba, Sesatyvis meTodTa SerCeva. A
    aseTi logikuri kavSiri SeiZleba davinaxoT sxva

    95
    pedagogiur kanonebsa da princi pebs Soris, aseve
    TviT pedagogiur princi pTa Soris. Ees teqnologiac
    sainteresod aris damuSavebuli pedagogikur
    literaturaSi.
    piradi gamocdilebidan SemiZlia vTqva, rom mos-
    wavlis pirovnebisadmi pativiscemisa da aRzrdaSi
    dadebiTze dayrdnobis princi pebs marTlac udide-
    si mniSvneloba aqvs maswavlebelsa da moswavleebs
    Soris warmatebul urTierTobaSi.Mmoswavles TviT-
    damkvidrebisa da TviTrealizaciis mtkivneul gzaze
    sWirdeba siyvaruli, yuradReba, pativiscema sakuTari
    srulfasovnebisa da Zalebisadmi rwmenis gasamtkice-
    blad. roca moswavle grZnobs, rom maswavlebeli
    mis pirovnebas afasebs, angariSs uwevs da pativscems,
    pedagogiuri moTxovnebisadmi morCili, momsmeni da
    damjeri xdeba, rac mis akademiur SedegebSic kargad
    aisaxeba. amasTan dakavSirebiT a. s. makarenkom dawera:
    ,,pirovnebis problema moxsnilia, Tu adamianSi vxe-
    davT pirovnebas.”
    jerjerobiT Sorsa var im azrisgan, rom pedagogi-
    uri kanonebisa da princi pebis Sesaxeb amomwuravad
    vlaparakob, magram danamdvilebiT SemiZlia vTqva, Tu
    ramdenad mniSvnelovania da aucilebeli maswavle-
    blma kargad icodes aRniSnuli kanonebi da princi-
    pebi da SeeZlos misi praqtikuli gamoyeneba moswav-
    lebTan urTierTobaSi.

    96
    gamoyenebuli literatura

    1. n. vasaZe. pedagogika, Tb., 2000.


    2. vl. gagua, pedagogika, Tb., 1993.
    3. g. xuxua. pedagogika, Tb., 2009.
    4. z. cucqiriZe. pedagogika (leqciebis kursi), Tb.,
    1998.
    5. filosofiuri leqsikoni. Tb., 1987.

    Irina Gudadze
    Sokhumi State University
    Faculty of Education, I year student

    Pedagogical Laws and Principles – Foundations of Education


    Pedagogical Laws and Principles are the main foundation in
    educational-upbringing process. That gives a possibility to lead
    upbringing according to the pupils’ psychical-intellectual abilities,
    social requirements and pedagogical aims.

    97
    soxumis saxelmwifo univrsitetis
    ganaTlebis fakultetis I kursis studenti
    Tamar jiqia
    samecniero xelmZRvaneliPprof. g. xuxua

    pirovnebis formirebis faqtorebi


    m. f. kvintilianes mixedviT

    pirovnebis formirebis Sesaxeb mqonda garkveuli


    warmodgena pedagogikis leqciebidan, magram Zalian
    movixible roca movismine I saukunis romaeli mecnier-
    pedagogisa da oratoris markus fabius kvintilianes
    Sexedulebebi amis Sesaxeb. gansakuTrebiT momewona
    miseuli xedva pirovnebis formirebis faqtorebTan
    dakavSirebiT. imperiul romSi,roca monaTflobeluri
    wyobileba Tavis apogeaSia, am dros mecnieri acxadebs,
    rom uniWoebi Zalian cotani arian, rogorc umciresi
    gamonaklisi. rom ,,bavSvebs iSviaTad akliaT bunebrivi
    niWi, ufro xSirad akliaT masze zrunva.” yvela vinc
    fizikurad da fsiqikurad normaluria, niWieria met-
    naklebad: ,,geTanxmebiT - wers igi -- rom erTs ufro
    meti Wkua aqvs, vidre meores, rac imas mowmobs, rom
    erTs SeuZlia gaakeTos meti, vidre meores. TiTqmis ver
    naxavT iseTs, Tavisi sibejiTiT ver daZlios siZnele.”
    Semdeg is svams kiTxvas: ra aris mTavari oratoris
    aRzrdaSi -- niWi Tu aRzrda?” da iqve pasuxobs:
    niWic da aRzrdac da ganagrZobs argumentirebas: ,,Tu
    am or moments erTaneTs davacilebT, niWs SeuZlia
    bevri ramis gakeTeba, magram mxolod swavleba niWis
    gareSe did nayofs ver gamoiRebs. xolo maTi erTad
    moqmedebis SemTxvevaSi mWevrmetyveluri unaris
    gamovlinebas niWis damsaxurebad miviCnev, xolo Tu
    oratoruli xelovnebis umaRles miRwevasTan gvaqvs
    saqme, aRzrdas mivaniWeb upiratesobas.” Aase magaliTad,

    98
    ,,unayofo miwa - ambobs avtori- verafers miscems
    saukeTeso miwaTmoqmedsac,xolo nayofier miwaze raime
    sasargeblo mainc gaizrdeba misi damuSavebis gareSec
    . . . maSasadame, Tu miwac nayofieria da miwaToqmedic
    izrunebs mis kargad damuSavebaze, mosavalic bevrad
    meti da xarisxiani iqneba.” Aaqve gvinda meore
    magaliTic moviyvanoT. ,,Tu praqsitelma statueti
    uxeSi qvisgan gamoTala, is dabali xarisxis iqneba,
    magram Tu imave mxatvar-moqandakem zustad iseTive
    statueti marmarilos qvisgan gaakeTa, igi Zvirfasi
    gamova.” ,,maSasadame, - askvnis avtori – niWi aris
    masala, mecniereba mxatvari. Ees ukanaskneli aZlevs
    mas saxes, formas, xolo is pirveli mas Rebulobs.”
    amrigad, Tavad kvintiliane askvnis, rom biologiuri
    memkvidreobiT miRebuli bunebrivi monacemebi da
    Sesabamisi aRzrda gansazRvravs pirovnebis formirebas
    aseve Sesabamis socialur da pedagogiur pirobebSi.
    pedagogikuri mecnierebis fuZemdebeli m. f.
    kvintiliane socialur faqtorSi moiazrebda im
    garemos, romelSic izrdeboda bavSvi. upirveles
    yovlisa, adreul askSi ojaxs aniWebda upiratesobas.
    ,,mama, Svilis SeZenisTanave unda ganimsWvalos misadmi
    keTili imedebiT. aseTi ganwyoba aRavsebs mas izrunos
    bavSvis aRzrdaze” (samecniero-pedagogiuri Sromebis
    krebuli ,,zardaxSa, #3, 1999, gv.8-14).
    kvintilianes mixedviT, ramdenadac bavSvi bunebiT
    mimbaZvelia da cnobismoyvare, ZiZebi, mSoblebi,
    amxanagebi da maswavleblebi unda gamoirCeodnen
    TavianTi zneobiTa da gonierebiT. ZiZebi aucileblad
    kargi metyveli,gonieri da zneobrivi unda yofiliyvnen:
    ,,upirveles yovlisa, - wers is- unda vecadoT iseTi
    ZiZebi SevarCioT, romelTac kargi gamoTqma da kilo
    aqvT”. . . an kidev: ,,SeZlebisdagvarad, Wkviani da saTno
    adamianebi avirCioT” (iqve).

    99
    mSoblebi ki, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, unda
    iyvnen ganaTlebulni da mzrunvelni. rac Seexeba
    zedamxdvelebs, isinic sakmaod ganaTlebulni unda
    iyon, oRond sakuTar Tavze didi warmodgena ar unda
    hqondeT, radgan TviTkmayofil adamianze uaresi
    amqveynad araferia.
    ZiZasa da mSoblebTan erTad ojaxuri aRzrda
    mainc pedagogis gareSe ar wydeboda. Kkvintiliane
    maswavlebels gansakuTrebul moTxovnebs
    uyenebda. Mmisi azriT, is unda yofiliyo uaRresad
    ganaTlebuli, Rrmad ganswavluli, erudirebuli,
    kompetenturi da rac mTavaria, znekeTili da bavSvis
    mosiyvarule. radgan ,,maswavleblis cocxali sityva
    moswavlis Segnebaze da grZnobebze zemoqmedebis
    yvelaze marjve iaraRia” (g. xuxua, markus fabius
    kvintilianes pedagogiuri memkvidreoba. Tb., 1996,gv.
    62). Mmaswavlebels unda axasiaTebdes ,,swavlebaSi
    ubraloeba,SromaSi moTmineba da didi mondomeba,metis
    gacema, vidre momTxovneloba” (iqve).Mmaswavlebeli
    piradi magaliTia moswavlisaTvis, mas baZaven qcevasa
    da moqmedebaSi, amitom, mecnieris azriT, maswavlebeli
    valdebulia mudmivad imaRlebdes kvalifikacias,
    srulyofdes pedagogiur kulturas, idges zneobriv
    simaRleze. maswavlebeli unda grZnobdes profesiul
    movaleobas da Tu unda warmatebuli iyos,,,yvelaferSi
    mihyves moswavlis bunebriv SesaZleblobebs, xeli
    CasWidos da ki ar gauswros, aramed fexi auwyos Tavis
    patara Tanamgzavrs”(,,zardaxSa”, #3, 1999, gv.9) da ase
    xelCaWidebuli gaiyvanos damoukidebeli cxovrebis
    farTo gzaze.
    amrigad, Cemi azriT, kvintilianes Sexedulebebma
    maswavleblze Zalian STamagona da ganmawyo yvelaferi
    gavakeTo Cemi profesiuli momzadebisaTvis.

    100
    gamoyenebiTi literatura

    1. n. vasaZe. pedagogikis istoria, Tb. 2004.


    2. g.xuxua. markus fabius kvintilianes pedagogiuri
    memkvidreoba. Tb., 1996.
    3. Марка Фабья Квинтилиана. Риторических наставленый. Перевод
    с латинского Александром Никольским. Санктпетербург, 1834
    ,,momavali oratoris aRzrdis Sesaxeb” I Tavi.
    g. xuxuas Targmani samecniero pedagogiuri
    Sromebis krebulSi ,,zardaxSa” #3, 1999w., gv.
    8_14.

    Tamar Jikia
    Sokhumi State University
    Faculty of Education, I year student

    Factors of Person’s Formation


    According to Markus Fabius Kvintiliane

    M. F. Kvintiliane in his “Orator’s advices” gives great meaning


    to the factors of person’s formation. He demands considering of
    biological, social surroundings and factors of upbringing together,
    which is still actual.

    101
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis ganaTlebis
    fakultetis I kursis studenti
    nino TaTaraSvili
    samecniero xelmZRvaneliPprofesori g. xuxua

    pirovnebis formirebis konvergenciuli Teoria

    pirovnebis formirebis sakiTxi sazogadoebisa


    da mecnierTa msjelobis mudmivi sagania. Mantikuri
    droidan dRemde mis kvleva-ZiebaSi Camoyalibda uamravi
    Teoriebi, romelTa Soris gamoikveTa sami ZiriTadi
    Teoria: biologizatoruli, sociologizatoruli da
    konvergenciuli.
    biologizatoruli Teoria saTaves iRebs Soreuli
    warsulidan. XVI saukuneSi aRmocenda axali
    ganStoeba - preforizmi, romlis mixedviT adamians
    TiTqos CanasaxSive gaaCnia momavali pirovnebis yvela
    Tviseba, winaswar Cadebulia masSi programa da misi
    ganviTareba xdeba spontanurad raodenobrivi zrdis
    gziT. Preforistebis mixedviT,pirovnebis ganviTarebaSi
    gadamwyveti roli mxolod biologizatorul
    Teorias eniWeba da gamoricxavs socialur garemosa
    da aRzrdis faqtors. isini amtkiceben, rom adamianis
    niWi da Segneba ganisazRvreba mxolod memkvidreobiT.
    Ppirovnuli Tvisebebi ise eZleva adamians, rogorc
    anatomiur-fiziologiuri monacemebebi, rogorc
    magaliTad, Tvali, xeli, Tma da sxva (j, diu).
    sociologizatoruli Teoria, kidev ufro
    sxva ukiduresobaSi vardeba. is radikalurad
    daupirirspirda bilologizatorebs. maTi Teoria
    saerTod ugulvebelyofs biologiur da aRzrdis
    faqtorebs da pirovnebas socialuri garemos
    produqtad acxadebs.
    rogorc mecnierebi miuTiTeben, orive Teorias ax-

    102
    lavs dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi. dadebiTia is,
    rom srulfasovan pirovnebis formorebaSi erTic
    aucilebelia da meorec, oRond urTierTmWidro kav-
    SirSi da ara cal- calke, izolirebulad. Oorive
    faqtoris gareSe warmoudgenelia aRzrda. orive Teo-
    ria calcalke emsaxureba sazogadoebaSi gabatoneb-
    uli klasebis interesebs, socialuri uTanasworobis,
    eqspluatatoruli wyobilebis gamarTleba-ganmtkice-
    basa da gaxangrZlivebas. Bbiologizatoruli Teoria
    safuZvlad udevs rasizmis samarcxvino Teorias.
    konvergenciis Teorias, pedagogikosTa mixedviT,
    humanur-demokratiuli sawyisebi udevs safuZvlad da
    aRiarebulia,rogorc WeSmariti Teoria. Uucxo sityvaTa
    leqsikonis mixedviT, konvergencia laTinuri sityvaa
    da niSnavs msgavsebas, daaxloebas. mecnieruli gagebiT
    ki -- garkveul sistemaTa kombinacias, erT mTlianobad
    SekavSirebas. Aam SemTxvevaSi konvergenciis Teoria
    gulisxmobs pirovnebis formirebis biologiur,
    socialur da aRzrdis faqtorTa erTobliobas,
    romelic rogorc pedagogikis mecnierebi aRniSnaven,
    Teoriulad da praqtikulad gamarTlebulia.
    pedagogikaSi miRebuli gansazRvrebis mixedviT,
    pirovneba aris bio-socialuri arseba. Bbiologiuria
    masSi is cxoveluri determinanti, romlis SeqmnaSi
    Tavad subieqti ver iRebs monawileobas. igi mas
    eZleva memkvidreobiT, rogorc bunebrivi fondi.
    sxeulis nebismier nawils, Tundac patara TiTis
    gaWrasac ki SeigrZnobs adamiani , mTel sxeuls
    tkivili da uZlureba Seawuxebs, rac sxeulis nawilTa
    urTierTkavSirsa da urTierTdamokidebulebas
    gvamcnobs., mis erTmTlianobaze, sistemurobaze
    metyvelebs.
    Semecnebis, azrovnebisa da metyvelebis Tandayoli-
    li unari warmoadgens adamianSi socialurobis Ca-

    103
    nasaxs, mis srulfasovan pirovnebad aRzrdis poten-
    cialur SesaZleblobas, riTac is gansxvavdeba cx-
    ovelisagan, danarCen samyarosgan. Aam Tandayolili
    socialuri unarebis gareSe pirovnebis aRzrda praq-
    tikulad SeuZlebeli iqneboda.
    socialuri determinantis Semoqmedi TviT adamian-
    ia. Mmas SeuZlia gaxdes Rirseuli an uRirsi pirovne-
    ba. amaSia adamianis RvTiTboZebuli arCevanis Tavisu-
    fleba. socialur determinantSi igulisxmeba is, rac
    SeiZineba swavla-arzrdisa da gamocdilebis gziT. Ees
    aris ganaTleba, Segneba, metyvelebis kultura, profesia
    Sroma,zneoba, esTetika, sulieroba, movaleobisa da pa-
    suxismgeblobis grZnoba da a. S.
    ian amos komenskim axalSobili bavSvi Seadara
    mcenaris Tesls, romelic xilulis garda Seicavs
    uxilav nawilebs: fesvs, tans, totebs, foTlebs
    yvavilebs, nayofs CanasaxSi, romelic Semdeg
    gareSe Sesabamisi pirobebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad
    gamovlindeba, gaizrdeba da imden da imdenjer
    moisxams nayofs, romlis daTvla kacs ar SeuZlia.
    asevea aRsazrdelic. rogorc prof. g. xuxua wers,masSi
    RvTis mier aris Cadebuli srulfasovan pirovnebad
    formirebis inteleqtualuri unarebi, romelsac
    saTanado socialur garemosa da aRzrdis pirobebSi
    mis ganviTarebas sazRvari ara aqvs.
    biologiuri faqtori iZleva saSualebas, peda-
    gogikam sworad gansazRvros aRsazrdelis asakobri-
    vi da individualuri Taviseburebebi da mis Sesabam-
    isad SeimuSavos saswavlo- aRmzrdelobiTi RonisZia-
    baTa sistema. socialuri garemos miwier faqtorebSi
    igulisxmeba is bunebrivi, social-politikuri da
    ekonomikur-kulturuli wyoba, religia, ideologia,
    wes-Cveulebebi, tradiciebi da sxva sinamdvile, romel-
    Sic cxovrobs adamiani. mowesrigebuli socialuri

    104
    garemo, sazogadoebis maRalkulturuli done xelsay-
    rel pirobebs qmnis aRzrdisaTvis.
    pirovnebis formirebis mesame da gadamwyveti faqtoria
    aRzrda, pedagogiuri faqtori. aRzrda pedagogikis
    saxelmZRvaneloebSi ori-farTo, filosofiuri da
    viwro, pedagogiuri gagebiT ganixileba. pedagogiuri
    gagebiT, aRzrda niSnavs mizanmimarTul, gegmazomier
    pedagogiur zemoqmedebas aRsazrdelze,mis gonebrivad,
    zneobrivad, sulierad, esTetikurad da fizikurad
    srulyofil pirovnebad Camoyalibebis mizniT.
    Ppedagogika pirovnebis aRzrdas ar ganixilavs,
    rogorc socialur garemosa da aRzrdis zemoqmedebis
    raRac pasiur obieqts. piriqiT, cnobs TviT pirovnebis
    aqtiurobis, mis SemoqmedebiT-gardamqmneli moqmedebis
    rols missave socializaciaSi.
    amrigad, konvergenciis Teoria gulisxmobs biolo-
    giuri memkvidreobiTobis, socialuri garemosa da
    aRzrdis faqtorebis, pedagogiuri procesebis siste-
    mebisa da komponentebis erTobliv kavSirs pirovnebis
    formirebis saqmeSi.
    G

    105
    gamoyenebuli literatura

    1) g. xuxua. pedagogika, Tb., 2009.


    2) n. vasaZe. pedagogika, Tb., 2000.
    3) n.e. kovalevi, b.f.raiski, n.a.sorokini. pedagogikis
    Sesavali, Tb., 1978.
    4) i. Wkuaseli, pedagogikis zogadi safuZvlebis
    ZiriTadi sakiTxebi. Tb., 1977.

    Nino Tatarashvili
    Sokhumi State University
    Faculty of Education, I year student

    Convergent Theory of Person’s Formation

    There are known different theories of person’s formation in


    pedagogics. They are divided in three big groups: biologizatoral,
    sociologizatoral and convergent. Between them is the most important
    the convergent theory. In contrast to the first two theories it is discussed
    in the united organic union the three of them – biological, social
    surroundings and educational factors.

    106
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis
    ganaTlebis fakultetis I kursis studenti
    elene CubiniZe
    mecnier-xelmZRvaneli prof.g. xuxua

    aRzrdis faqtori srulfasovani


    pirovnebis formirebaSi

    sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi aRzrdis udidesi


    mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb ara erT gamoCenil adamians
    gamouTqvams Rirebuli azrebi. magaliTad: ,,aRzrda,
    qveynad arsebuli yoveli sikeTisa da borotebis,
    ubedurebisa da bednierebis pirvelwyaroa” (r. oueni).
    ,,yvelaferi is, rac ar gagvaCnia dabadebisas da
    uamisod ar vvargivarT didobaSi, mogvca aRzrdam”
    (Jan-Jak ruso). A,,ar arsebobs iseTi cudi adamiani,
    karg aRzrdas ar gaeumjobesebinos” (b. belinski).
    pedagogikur mecnierebasa da praqtikaSi dadgenilia
    aRzrdis faqtoris gadamwyveti roli srulfasovani
    pirovnebis formirebis saqmeSi.
    aRzrdis mimarTulebasa da Sinaarss ganapirobebs
    sazgadoebis moTxovnebiT ganpirobebuli mizani, xolo
    pedagogiuri miznis miRweva uSualod dakavSirebulia
    pedagogiur kanonebTan, princi pebTan da meTodebTan
    .pedagogikis klasikosebi aRzrdaSi warmatebas aRz-
    rdis miznis sicxadeSi xedavdnen. ,,yvela droisa da
    sazogadoebis klasikosi mecnier-pedagogebi, upirve-
    les yovlisa, gansazRvravdnen aRzrdis mizans da
    Semdeg mas uqvemdebarebdnen mTel pedagogiur saqmi-
    anobas, radgan aRzrdis miznis sicxade-garkveuloba
    ganapirobebs pedagogiuri procesis warmatebas” (ped-
    agogika, n. vasaZe ,Tb., 2000).
    pedagogikuri mecnierebis fuZemdebelma, I saukunis
    romael mecnier-pedagogma da oratorma markus fa-

    107
    bius kvintilianem aRzrdas miznad dausaxa B,,brZeni
    romaelis” aRzrda.
    ian-amos komenskim ,,RvTis moSiSTa” da ,,RvTis
    mosavTa” aRzrda gamoacxada aRzrdis miznad. i.
    gogebaSvilma -- ,,axali kacis” aRzrda da a. S. magram
    gasakuTrebuli aRiareba moi pova aRzrdis miznis
    aristoteleseulma konstruqciam -- ,,yovelmxriv
    harmoniuli ganviTarebis” ideam, romelic moicavs oTx
    ZiriTad komponents: fizikuri, gonebrivi, zneobrivi
    da esTetikuri. SemdgomSi mas daemata sulieri da
    SromiTi aRzrda.
    ganaTlebis Tanamedrove reformebma upiratesoba
    mianiWa ,,konkurentunariani” Taobis momzadebas.
    amasTan dakavSirebiT, profesori g. xuxua aRniSnavs,
    rom ganaTlebis pragmatuloba mxolod klasikur-
    realur ganaTlebasTan, Teoriasa da praqtikasTan
    mWidro kavSirSi iZens Rirebulebas, winaaRmdeg SemTx-
    vevaSi teqnikis danamatad iqceva adamiani.
    marTlac, ganaTleba pirovnebis YRirsebis amaRle-
    bas unda emsaxurebodes da ara mxolod simdidris
    Seqmnas, materializms.
    senekam adamianis RirsebasTan dakavSirebiT Tqva:
    ,,yvelaze didi Rirseba, riTac RmerTma adamiani daa-
    jildova, es aris goneba, amitom igi mudam mis gamdi-
    drebasa da gajansaRebaze unda zrunavdes”-o. (g. xuxua,
    ,,amonaridebi pedagogiuri sibrZnis saganZuridan.” Tb.,
    1999). pedagogikur literaturaSi gonebriv aRzrdaSi
    gulisxmoben codnis fondis SeZenas, saazrovno op-
    eraciebis ganviTarebas, saswavlo-SemecnebiTi unare-
    bis gamomuSavebasa da mecnieruli msoflmxedvelo-
    bis formirebas, romelic xorcieldeba swavlebis sa-
    ganmanaTleblo, ganmaviTarebeli, aRmzrdelobiTi da
    SromiTi funqciebis meSveobiT (pedagogika, g. xuxua,
    Tb.m, 2009). Mmsgavsi azria gatarebuli i. Wkuaselis

    108
    wignSi ,,pedagogikis zogadi safuZvlebis ZiriTadi
    sakiTxebi” (Tb., 1977, gv.73-75), rom gonebrivi aRzrdis
    amocanebSi Sedis kacobriobis mier dagrovili cod-
    na-gamocdilebis ZiriTadi safuZvlebiT moswavleTa
    SeiaraReba, SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebisa da SemecnebiTi
    unarebis gamovlineba-ganviTareba, codnis damoukide-
    blad mopovebisa da SeTvisebis unar-Cvevebis Camoyal-
    ibeba. ,,gonebrivi aRzrdis am amocanebis urTierTkav-
    SirSi mecnierul-pedagogiuri princi pebis TandaTano-
    biT ganxorcielebiT yalibdeba msoflmxedveloba.”
    maSasadame, gonebriv aRzrdasTan dakavSirebul es
    pedagogiuri debulebebi gvarwmunebs sistemur-mec-
    nieruli ganaTlebis miRebis aucileblobaSi.
    pirovnebis srulfasovneba zneobrivi aRzrdis
    gareSe ver warmoedginaT pedagogikis klasikosebs.
    i. gogebaSvili wers: ,,patiosanis, keTilSobilis
    grZnobebis aRzrda mozardi Taobis gulSi kidev
    ufro saWiro da Zvirfasia, vidre gonebis gamdidreba
    sxvadasxva codniTa.” Ppedagogikis TeoriaSi Rrmad
    da yovelmxriv ganxilulia zneobrivi aRzrdis arsi,
    mizani da amocanebi. zneobrivi Segnebis, zneobrivi
    grZnobebisa da zneobrivi moqmedebis unarCvevebi. Aam
    amocanebis gadamWreli pedagogiuri princi pebi, me-
    Todebi, formebi da saSualebebi, romelTa optimalur
    kombinirebas pedagogiuri situaciis mixedviT uwode-
    ben pedagogiur teqnologias. zneobrivi aRzrda Tavis
    asaxvas poulobs swavlebis aRmzrdelobiT funqciaSi,
    rac ar unda gamorCes mxedvelobidan maswavlebels.
    zneobrivi aRzrdis sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba
    TviT zneobis arsidan gamomdinareobs, igi areguli-
    rebs urTierTobebs sakuTar TavTan - ,,me”-sTan, sxva
    admianebTan, sazogadoebasTan, saxelmwifosTan, samSob-
    losTan, bunebasTan da MmTel garemoemcvel sinamd-
    vilesTan. Gmecnierebis TqmiT, zneoba gansazRvravs sa-

    109
    Sinao da sagareo politikis kulturas, uzneobaa ki
    aris yovelgvari borotebis mizezi.
    sulieri aRzrda aRzrdis erTerTi umniSvnelo-
    vanesi komponentia. mas gansazRvruli roli akisria
    yovelmxriv, harmoniulad ganviTarebul, srulfaso-
    vani pirovnebis formirebaSi. Pprof. g.xuxuas peda-
    gogikaSi vkiTxulobT, rom sulierobas moklebuli
    moswavle-axalgazrdoba naklebad emorCileba pedago-
    giur moTxovnebs, saskolo reJims da eTiSeba saswav-
    lo-aRmzrdelobiT process, rasac Sedegad mosdevs
    pedagogiuri da akademiuri CamorCeniloba. Tu aman
    sistematuri xasiaTi miiRo, SeiZleba gadaizardos
    jer asocialurobaSi da bolos antisocialurobaSi.
    Tu ganaTlebis saministrosa da mediis statistikuri
    monacemebis mixedviT vimsjelebT, samwuxarod, SeiZle-
    ba iTqvas, rom aman ukve masobrivi xasiaTi miiRo.
    adamiani rom sulierad aRizardos, aucilebelia
    gaecnos biblias, iswavlos da gaigos RvTis mcnebebi
    da icxovros am mcnebebis Sesabamisad. sulieri
    aRzrdac swavlebis aRmzrdelobiTi funqciis nawilia
    da maswavlebeli am SesaZleblobas xelidan ar unda
    uSvebdes.
    aRzrdis faqtori mocavs agreTve esTetikur da
    fizikur aRzrdas. esTetikuri aRzrdis mizania
    aRsazrdelebSi esTetikuri kulturis formireba,
    daxvewili gemovnebis, silamazis, mSvenierebis,
    amaRlebulis SegrZneba-gagebisa da miT tkbobis, da
    ara marto tkbobis, aramed esTetikuris Seqmnis unar-
    Cvevebis gamomuSaveba. i. Wkuaseli esTetikuri aRzrdis
    mizans ase ganmartavs zemoxsenebul wignis 79-e gverdze:
    ,,esTetikuri aRzrdis mizania, sinamdvilis, bunebis,
    sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis, azrovnebis, adamianis
    Sromisa da sayofacxovrebo moqmedebis, xelovnebis
    mravalferovani dargebis mSvenieri mxareebis

    110
    danaxvis, gancdisa da gagebis unaris Camoyalibeba da
    ganviTareba bavSvebsa da mozardebSi.”
    pedagogikaSi esTetikuri aRzrdis wyarod miCneulia
    xelovneba,buneba,sadac aris harmonia,wesrigi,simetria,
    proporcia, ritmi, riTmi da a. S.
    aRzrdis organuli Semadgeneli nawilia agreTve
    fizikuri aRzrda. misi daniSnulebaa fizikurad
    jansaRi, Sromisa da Tavdacvis unariani, xalisiani da
    aqtiuri axali Taobis momzadeba. Aamas uzrunvelyofen
    saerTod saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiT procesSi, kerZod
    ki-specialur fizkulturis gakveTilebze, aseve
    skolisgareSe sportul dawesebulebebSi, sxvadasxva
    gamajansaRebel da sportul RonisZiebebSi.
    aRniSnuli pedagogiuri sistemebisa da komponente-
    bis, Sesabamisi pedagogiuri kanonebis, principebis, me-
    Todebisa da saSualebebis optimaluri integracia kom-
    binaciebis saSualebiT xdeba swavlebisa da aRzrdis
    urTierTdakavSireba, rac maswavleblisgan moiTxovs
    pedagogikuri mecnierebisa da pedagogiuri xelovnebis
    srulyofil codnas. ,,aRzrda da swavleba TavisTavad
    ar aris dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan, igi maswavlebelma
    unda daakavSiros” (v. afridoniZe, maswavlebeli -- cod-
    nis Cauqrobeli lampari. Tb., 1990, gv. 53).
    zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, advili gasagebi xdeba
    aRzrdis cneba.
    rom aRzrda aris mizanmimarTuli, gegmazomieri
    pedagogiuri zemoqmedeba aRsazrdelze, pedagogiur-
    mecnieruli sistemebisa da komponentebis saSualebiT,
    aRsazrdelis srulfasovan pirovnebad formirebis
    mizniT.
    Cemi azriT, iyos pedagogika da ar iyos aRzrda, mar-
    Tlac, sircxvilia.

    111
    gamoyenebuli literatura

    1. n. vasaZe, pedagogika, Tb., 2000.


    2. v. afridoniZe maswavlebeli -- codnis Cauqrobeli
    lampari. Tb., 1990.
    3. i. Wkuaseli pedagogikis zogadi safuZvlebis Zir-
    iTadi sakiTxebi. Tb., 1977.
    4. g. xuxua ,,amonaridebi pedagogiuri sibrZnis sa-
    ganZuridan”, Tb., 1999.

    Elene Chubinidze
    Sokhumi State University
    Faculty of Education, I year student

    Education Factor in Person’s Formation

    Education is an important word in a person’s formation. It is


    directed, planned process which contains pedagogical systems
    and components connected to each other. Successful upbringing is
    compliance of systems and components with pedagogical situations
    made by teachers and acting of theoretical knowledge and practical
    skills.

    112
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis
    ganaTlebis fakultetis I kursis studenti
    naTia gafrindaSvili
    samecniero xelmZRvaneli prof. g. xuxua

    sulieri aRzrdis roli


    pirovnebis zneobriv CamoyalibebaSi

    2009 wels gamocemuli pedagogikis saxelmZRvanelos


    mixedviT sulier aRzrdas ganmsazRvreli roli akisria
    srulfasovani pirovnebis formirebaSi. samyarosa
    da misi Semoqmedis Sesaxeb WeSmariti codnisa da
    swori Tvalsazrisis CamoyalibebaSi. sulierobis
    maCvenebelia RvTis siyvaruli. Ees ki imas niSnavs,
    rom vicodeT da vicavdeT mis mcnebebs. Sulierobis
    Sesaxeb codnis mTavar wyaros biblia warmoadgens.
    sulieri aRzrdis gamakeTilSobilebeli potenciali
    saTanadod ar aris gamoyenebuli. Ees xarvezi aSkarad
    Cans aRzrdis SedegSi. xalxma dakarga sulierobis
    mTavari niSani - siyvarulis grZnoba. maT sxva aRar
    ainteresebT,mxolod sakuTar Tavze fiqroben. ,,giyvardes
    moyvasi Seni, viTarca Tavi Seni” (biblia), naklebad
    axsovT. sulierobas moklebuli axalgazrdoba
    gulgrili xdeba pedagogiuri moTxovnebis mimarT
    da avtomaturad eTiSeba saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiT
    process, romelsac Sedegad mosdevs pedagogiuri da
    akademiuri CamorCeniloba, asocialuroba, samwuxarod,
    zogjer antisocialurobac ki.
    Tanamedrove socialuri garemo, sakomunikacio
    teqnikuri saSualebebis (interneti, mobiluri da
    sxv.) arasworad, SeiZleba iiTqvas, borotad gamoyeneba
    cud zemoqmedebas axdens axalgazrdebis fsiqikaze,
    grZnobebsa da emociebze, moralur sferoze, mis mo-
    mavalze. RvTismoSiSoba, sulieroba aris erTaderTi

    113
    meqanizmi, romelic akavebs codvisa da borotebisa-
    gan, swori gziT warmarTavs aRsazrdelis azrovnebas,
    qcevasa da moqmedebas, . . . da icavs mosalodneli sa-
    frTxeebisagan” (pedagogika, g. xuxua. Tb., 2009, gv. 184).
    Aamitom moiTxovda ian amos komenski axalgazrdebis
    qristes moZRvrebiT aRzrdis aucileblobas.
    sulierobis aRzrdis procesSi gaTvaliswinebuli
    unda iqnes aRsazrdelis asakobrivi da individualuri
    Taviseburebebi, aRzrdis bavSvis bunebasTan Sesabam-
    isobis pedagogiuri kanonis safuZvelze. skolamdel
    da umcros saskolo asakis bavSvebs axasiaTebT moWar-
    bebuli cnobismoyvareoba, mimbaZveloba da maswavle-
    blis mimarT usazRvro ndoba, racmaqsimalurad unda
    iqnas gamoyenebuli aRzrdaSi. bavSvs biologiuri da
    socialur-materialuri moTxovnileba aRuZravs gar-
    emomcvel sinamdvilesTan urTierobas. is gamudmebiT
    svams kiTxvebs: vin? ra? sad? rodis? rogor? ratom?
    da a. S. maT mier dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxebi unda
    Seicavdes zust informacias, aseTi midgoma aRzrdis-
    admi xels Seuwyobs swavlebis saganmanaTleblo da
    aRmzrdelobiT funqciis ganxorcielebas, WeSmariti
    Semoqmedis miRebasa da sulierobis amaRlebas.
    sulieri aRzrdis umTavresi komponenti, rogorc
    zemoT aRvniSneT, siyvarulis grZnobis ganviTarebaa,
    siyvarulis wyaro ki Tavad RmerTia. xlandel
    saqarTveloSi axal Taobas aklia sulieroba. isini
    bavSvobidan materialurze fiqroben, siyvarulsa da
    megobrobas iviwyeben, aseve ar amaxvileben yuradRebas
    samyaros mravalferovnebasa da silamazeze, ar ician,
    rom es yvelaferi RvTis saCuqaria da mofrTxileba
    sWirdeba.
    sulieroba religiuri faseulobebis, WeSmariti
    RvTis sicyarulia da mxolod RvTisgan miiReba.
    sulierobis udidesi magaliTi ieso qristea.

    114
    yovlisSemoqmedma RmerTma sulier sazrdod mogvca
    Tavisi sibrZnis wigni biblia da Tavisi Ze ieso qriste
    dagviyena uangaro mwyemsad da maswavlebelad.
    sulieri aRzrda mWidro kavSirSia pedagogikasTan,
    amitom maswavleblisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs
    biblaze dayrdnobil qristianul morals, rom uz-
    runvelyos sulieri aRzrda, moswavlis gulis sixar-
    uliT, siyvaruliTa da RvTis rwmenis avseba. Mmaswav-
    lebloba diadi saqmea da didi Tavganwirva sWirdeba,
    Tumca uflis daxmarebiT yvelafris gakeTeba SeiZle-
    ba da Cvenc SevZlebT Rirseuli, sulierad mdidari
    axali Taobis aRzrdas, oRond mTavaria, ganviswavloT
    sulieri aRzrdis Sesaxeb saTanado ganaTlebiT, peda-
    gogiuri codna-gamocdilebiTa da praqtikuli moq-
    medebis unar-CvevebiT.
    sulieri aRzrda prof g. xuxuas azriT, moiTxovs
    Semdegi pedagogiuri amocanebis gadawyvetas:
    1. Teokratiuli ganaTlebis miReba bibliis
    safuZvelze.
    2. WeSmariti RvTisa da ieso qristes gamomsyidveluri
    sisxlisadmi rwmenisa, imedisa da siyvarulis
    gaRviveba.
    3. RvTis kanonebisa da privcipebis codna da Sesabamisi
    qcevisa da moqmedebis gamomuSaveba.
    4. saero da Teokratiuli ganaTlebis harmoniul,
    logikur TanxmobaSi moyvana.
    5. maswavlebelTa da mSoblebTa momzadeba sulier
    aRzrdaSi.
    amrigad, veTanxmebi im azrs, rom sulier aRzrdas
    gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs srulfasovani pirovnebis
    formirebaSi, rac maswavleblis pirdapiri movaleobaa.
    Mra Tqma unda, me jerjerobiT pedagogiuri analizebis
    pretenzia ara maqvs, magram es Tema imitom daiwera, rom
    Cemma Tanatolebma iswavlon da gaixsenon maswavleb-

    115
    lis upirvelesi movaleoba, Caunergon moswavles qris-
    tianuli morali. ara aqvs mniSvneloba momavalSi Tu
    ra profesiis iqneba igi. pirvel rigSi yvela momavali
    mSobelia da Tavisi Svili ara marto unda gazardos,
    aramed pirovnebad unda aRzardos. radgan aRsazrdelSi,
    rogorc solomon brZeni ambobs, siyrmidanve unda CaiTe-
    sos sikeTis marcvali: ,,siyrmidanve aRzarde Svili da
    sibereSic ar gadauxvevs mas” (solomonis igavebi).
    gamoyenebuli literatura

    1. g. xuxua. pedagogika, Tb., 2009.


    2. biblia,saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gamocema, Tb.,
    1989.
    3. ian amos komenski, rCeuliPpedagogikuri
    Txzulebani. Tb. 1949.
    4. i. gogebaSvili, pedagogiuri Txzulebani erT
    tomad, Tb., 1977.

    Natia Gaprindashvili
    Sokhumi State University
    Faculty of Education, I year student

    Role of Spiritual Upbringing in Person’s Formation

    Spiritual upbringing is one of the important components of


    upbringing. It is connected to God, knowledge of Bible. Spirituality
    makes a person different by the best moral characteristics and
    appropriate behavior skills.

    116
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis
    ganaTlebis fakultetis I kursis studenti
    naTia tabataZe
    samecniero xelmZRvaneli prof. g. xuxua

    zneobrivi aRzrdis roli srulfasovani


    pirovnebis formirebaSi

    zneobrivi aRzrda pedagogikis mecnierebaSi war-


    modgenilia, rogorc aRzrdis erT-erTi umniSvnelo-
    vanesi komponenti. igi gulisxmobs eTikuri normebisa
    da wesebi aTvisebasa da dacvas, romelic areguli-
    rebs urTierTobebs adamianebTan, xalxTan, bunebasTan,
    saxelmwifosTan da yovelive masTan, rasTanac Sei-
    Zleba adamians hqondes urTierToba. es urTierTobani
    eTikis mecnierebaSi warmodgenilia gamzogadoebuli
    saxiT Semdeg zneobriv kategoriebSi: humanizmi, patri-
    otizmi, internacionalizmi, simarTle, samarTlianoba,
    patiosneba, megobroba, siyvaruli, Tavazianoba, mimteve-
    bloba, gulwrfeloba, Sromismoyvareoba, yovelive is,
    rac sikeTis cnebaSi Tavsdeba. imisaTvis, rom kargad
    gavigoT zneobrivobis arsi, aucilebelia vicodeT
    sapirispiro, arazneobrivi kategoriebic. rogoricaa:
    kacTmoZuleoba - mizanTropiuloba, moRalateoba,
    daundobloba,upatiosnoba,usamarTloba,sulmokleoba,
    Tavxedoba, sixarbe, Suri, egoizmi, siamaye, ampartavnoba,
    qedmaRloba, sisastike, Zunwoba, matyuaroba, ciliswame-
    ba, Woriknoba, garyvnileba, muqTaxiroba loToba . . .
    yovelive is, rac borotebis CarCoebSi Tavsdeba.
    zneobisa da uzneobis Sedegebidan gamomdinare,
    progresulad moazrovne adamianebi yovelTvis mi-
    iswrafvodnen zneobriv-esTetikuri idealebisken da
    bednierebas, sikeTes zneobis sferoSi eZebdnen. am miz-
    nis xorcxSesxmas zneobriv aRzrdaSi xedavdnen. anti-

    117
    kuri xanis udidesi moazrovneebi: sokrate, qsenofon-
    te, platoni, aristotele, seneka, ciceroni, pedagogi-
    kis klasikosebi: m.f. kvintiliane, ian-amos komenski,
    jon loki, Jan-Jak ruso, a.f. distervegi, k.d. uSinski, i.
    gogebaSvili da sxvebi pirovnebis formirebaSi gadam-
    wyvet mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen zneobriv aRzrdas.
    demokrites zneobrivi srulyofis safuZvlad sru-
    lyofili ganaTleba miaCnda, sokrates ki - sikeTisa
    da borotebis arsSi garkveva. Mmisi azriT, bavSvi unda
    darwmundes sikeTis mSvenierebaSi da borotebis si-
    maxinjeSi.”
    platons saxelmwifos simtkicis safuZvlad kanon-
    ebis dacva miaCnda. amitom misi azriT, kanonis Semqm-
    neli da damcveli uzado, keTili, zneobrivad amaR-
    lebuli, kacTmoyvare da samarTliani adamiani unda
    yofiliyo.
    aristotele pirveli iyo, romelmac eTikis
    saxelmZRvanelo Seqmna da prof. T.kukavas wyalobiT
    xelTa gvaqvs misi qarTuli Targmani. rogorc mecnierebi
    amboben, is dResac Rirebuli da aqtualuria.
    adamianobis umaRles kategoriad ciceroni humanizms
    miiCnevda, zneobis safuZvlad ki - ganaTlebas. ,,jer
    daeufle keTilzneobas, xolo Semdeg sibrZnes, radgan
    pirvelis gareSe Znelia iswavlo es ukanaskneli.”
    kvintiliane ambobda: ,,yvelaferze win zneoba unda
    idges, SeuZlebelia upatiosno adamian WeSmariti
    oratori gaxdes”-o.
    aRorZinebis xanis humanistma pedagogebma zneobrivi
    aRzrda CaTvales aRsazrdelis gaadamianebis
    saSualebad. Mmateo vejios azriT, ,,bavSvze keTil
    zemoqmedebas, keTili grZnobebis ganviTareba moaqvs.”
    k. uSinskis miaCnda, rom zneobrivi aRzrda gac-
    ilebiT ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre gonebis farTo
    codniT gavseba. zneobrivi aRzrdis konkretul amo-

    118
    canad Tvlida humanizmis, patriotizmis, disci plinis,
    samarTlianobis, Sromismoyvareobis, pasuxismgeblo-
    bis grZnobisa da Segnebis aRzrdas. keTil Cvevebs is
    zneobriv kapitals uwodebda, uzneobas ki zneobriv
    gakotrebas.
    qarTuli pedagogikis fuZemdebeli i. gogebaSvili
    znekeTil adamians qveynis simdidred Tvlida. i. Wav-
    WavaZes zneobrivi aRzrda humanur-demokratiuli sa-
    zogadoebis safuZvlad miaCnda. is ganaTlebulsa da
    uzneo adamians gaunaTlebulsa da znekeTil adami-
    ans amjobinebda. Mmisi literaturuli personaJebi
    swored zneoba-uzneobiT gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisa-
    gan.
    pedagogikis saxelmZRvaneloebSi, sadac laparakia
    zneobrivi aRzrdis amocanebze, yvelgan moazrebulia
    zneobrivi Segneba, zneobrivi grZnobebi da zneobri-
    vi moqmedebis praqtikuli unar-Cvevbi.. prof. v. ga-
    gua zneobriv SegnebaSi gulisxmobs zneobis arsis,
    zneobrivi Rirsebebis gageba-gacnobierebas, imis gage-
    bas, Tu ra aris moraluri da amoraluri. zneobrivi
    grZnobebis aRzrdaSi ki- moswavleebSi moraluri
    princi pebisa da qcevebisadmi dadebiTi damokideb-
    ulebis formirebis aucileblobas. rac Seexeba zneo-
    brivi aRzrdis mesame amocanas - zneobrivi qcevisa da
    moqmedebis uar-Cvevbs, is ,,Yyalibdeba Sesabamisi qceve-
    bis, mravalgzis gameorebis Sedegad.” prof. a.lomaZis
    azriT, zneobrivi qcevis sikeTe jer Tavad unda igemos
    aRsazrdelma, rom zneobisadmi dadebiTi damokideb-
    uleba gauCndes. i. bibileiSvils miaCnia, rom ,,mTavari
    codna, romliTac skolam unda SeiaraRos moswavle,
    es aris simarTlis fasis codna~ simarTlis Tqmis
    unari da moTxovnileba icxovros samarTlianobis
    princi pis dacviT.
    pedagogikis mecnierebis mixedviT dadgenilia,

    119
    rom swavlebis aRmzrdelobiTi funqcia ZiriTadad
    zneobriv aRzrdas unda emsaxurebodes. Aaqedan
    gamomdinare,mivxvdi,rom swavlebis funqciebi saerTod
    da,kerZod,misi aRmzrdelobiTi funqciis arsi momavalma
    maswavlebelma kargad unda gaicnobieros. Ddidi imedi
    maqvs,rom Tu erT semestrSi pedagogikis Sesaxeb amdeni
    informacia gavige, momdevno Svidi semestris Semdeg,
    meqneba maswavleblobis SesaZlebloba da moraluri
    ufleba.

    gamoyenebuli literatura

    1. n. vasaZe. pedagogika, Tb., 2000.


    2. n. vasaZe. pedagogikis istoria, Tb., 2004.
    3. i. bibileiSvili ,,cxovrebis sazrisi,” Tb., 1999.
    4. i. Wkuaseli pedagogikis zogadi safuZvlebis
    ZiriTadi sakiTxebi. Tb. , 1977.

    Natia Tabatadze
    Sokhumi State University
    Faculty of Education, I year student

    Moral Upbringing in Person’s Moral Development

    Moral upbringing in person’s moral development is main means of


    working out of moral self-consciousness, moral feelings and activities.
    The teacher has to use the ethical conversations, expressive examples,
    methods of assuring for that.

    120
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis
    ganaTlebis fakultetis I kursis studenti
    sofio oqriaSvili
    samecniero xelmZRvaneli prof. g. xuxua
    P
    pedagogikis Teoriis roli momavali
    maswavleblis profesiul momzadebaSi

    ganaTlebis axalma reformam dRis wesrigSi daayena


    axali ti pis maswavleblis saerTaSoriso standart-
    ebze momzadebis aucilebloba. maswavlebeli, romel-
    ic mzad iqneba uzrunvelyos Teoriisa da qraqtikis,
    ganaTlebis cxovrebasTan, realur sinamdvilesTan
    maqsimaluri kavSiri. pedagogikis mecniereba mowode-
    bulia erTi mxriv, emsaxuros Tanamedrove moTxovne-
    bis Sesabamis srulfasovani axali Taobis aRzrdas,
    xolo meore mxriv, maRalkvalificiuri pedagogiuri
    kadrebis momzadebas ganaTlebis sistemisaTvis. Pped-
    agogiuri profesia istoriulad uZveles, urTules,
    ucvlel, sazogadoebriv saqmianobad iTvleba dRemde.
    Tumca saukuneebis manZilze misdami damokidebuleba
    yovelTvis ganisazRvreboda sazogadoebaSi arsebu-
    li politikur-socialuri Tu ekonomikur-kulturu-
    li viTarebiT, romelic ganapirobebs axali Taobis
    aRzrda-ganaTlebis mizansa da Sinaarss. pedagogikis
    Teoriis gacnobam naTlad damanxva maswavleblis
    roli bavSvis Rirseul pirovnebad aRzrdaSi, rom
    pedagogoba arc ise advili saqme yofila. leqciebze
    da seminarebze mivxvdi pedagogikis mecnierebis mniS-
    vnelobas maswavleblis profesiul momzadebaSi.
    progresulad moazrovne adamianebi cnobdnen da
    aRiarebdnen maswavleblis udides pirovnul da sa-
    zogadoebriv rolsa da mniSvnelobas da amitom amko-
    bdnen mis saxels amaRlebuli epiTetebiT: ,,maswavleb-

    121
    els kvintilianem brZeni winamZRoli uwoda. ian amos
    komenskim ase Seafasa maswavleblis sapatio profe-
    sia: maswavleblebi ,,dayenebulni arian maRal sapatio
    adgilze, rom maT Cabarebuli aqvT saucxoo Tanamde-
    boba, romlis ukeTesic mzis qveS araferi SeiZleba
    iyos” (,,kargad mowyobili skolis kanonebi”). komen-
    skim skolis direqtors ,,maswavlebelTa maswavle-
    beli” uwoda, romelic misi azriT, is unda ,,warmoad-
    gendes mTavar sinaTles mTeli skolisaTvis da mis
    sayrdens” (iqve). adolf distervegi maswavlebels
    mzes adarebda. ,,maswavlebeli - wers igi - skolisaT-
    vis igivea, rac mze samyarosaTvis.” Kkonstantine uSin-
    skim maswavlebels saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi proce-
    sis centraluri figura uwoda.iIakob gogebaSvilma -
    sulieri moZRvari. lia WavWavaZem-- ,,mzrdeli yrmisa”.
    . . (pedagogika, g. xuxua. Tb., 2009, gv. .27-28).
    yovelive amis Semdeg ra bednierebaa da ra pasux-
    ismgebloba Tundac erTi wuTiT sakuTari Tavi maswav-
    leblad warmoidgino! miT umetes, roca bibliidan ici,
    rom ieso qriste iyo yvelaze didebuli maswavlebeli,
    imitom rom man didi xniT adre zecaSi yofnisas ma-
    masTan, yovlisSemZle RmerTisgan iswavla yvelaferi.
    amitom iyo, rom dedamiwaze yofnisas, TviT bavSvebic
    ki masTan kargad grZnobdnen Tavs. Cemi azriT, maswav-
    lebelma yvelaferi unda gaakeTos, rom maswavleblis
    wodeba ar daamdablos. miT umetes, roca mecnier-
    Ta mier mza-mzad aris morTmeuli saamisod saWiro
    samecniero literaturis maragi.
    pedagogika gvaswavlis yvela im pedagogiur pirobebs,
    rac saWiroa srulfasovani pirovnebis formirebasTan
    dakavSirebiT. rom saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesi
    mkacrad gansazRvrul pedagogiur sistemas, pedago-
    giur kanonebs, princi pebs, meTodebs, gzebs, formeb-
    sa da saSualebebs eyrdnoba da romelime maTganis

    122
    gauTvaliswineblobas, aucileblad Cavardna mohyveba.
    Cemi azriT, SeiZleba es iyos erT-erTi mizezi sakolo
    praqtikis arc ise saxarbielo realobisa, ris Ses-
    axeb gamudmebiT vismenT eleqtro Tu sxva media sa-
    SualebebiT. pedagogikis Teoriis codnis deficitis
    problemam erTxel kidev naTlad iCina Tavi mimdinare
    maswavlebelTa atestaciis SedegebSi.
    cnobilia, rom samyaroSi yvelaferi arsebobisa da
    ganviTarebis obieqtur kanonebs, princi pebs, wesebsa
    da normebs eqvemdebareba, romelic, rogorc bibliaSia
    naTqvami,RmerTma daadgina Dda,rom arc swavla-ganaTleba
    da aRzrda aris gamonaklisi. Zalian imoqmeda Cemze
    amasTan dakavSirebulma a. distervegis sityvebma:
    ,,pedagogiuri kanonis ucodinaroba utifrobaa, xolo
    misi gamouyenebloba ki -barbarosoba.”
    rogorc Cans,pedagogikis Teoria naTel warmodgenas
    aZlevs maswavlebels pedagogiuri procesis mTliani
    modelis, sistemebisa da komponentebis arsis,
    maTi urTierTkavSiris, urTierTdamokidebuleba-
    ganpirebulobis Sesaxeb, romlis Rrmad gaazreba-
    gacnobiereba aleqsandriis SuqurasaviT iqneba
    maRalkvalificiur da zneobrivi maswavleblis
    xelSi.

    123
    gamoyenebuli literatura

    1. S. malazonia. pedagogika, Tb., 1999.


    2. g. xuxua, pedagogika, Tb., 2009.
    3. i. Wkuaseli pedagogikis zogadi safuZvlebis
    ZiriTadi sakiTxebi. Tb., 1977.
    4. biblia, 2006.

    Sopio Okriashvili
    Sokhumi State University
    Faculty of Education, I year student

    Role of Pedagogics in Teacher’s Professional Training

    Pedagogical theory gives knowledge to a teacher about the systems,


    components of education and their practical use skills.

    124
    soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis ganaTlebis
    fakultetis III kursis studenti
    nana Rurwkaia
    samecniero xelmZRvaneli pedagogikis
    doqtoriPasistent-profesori l. Serozia

    didaqtikuri nervozis cneba pedagogikaSi

    globalizaciis Tanamedrove procesebma wina plan-


    ze wamoswia pedagogikis mecnierebis pirovnuli da
    sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba. es bunebrivia, radgan
    sruliad axal Sinaarss iZens erovnuli ganaTlebis
    sistema saqarTveloSi.
    ganaTlebas mudam hqonda saerTaSoriso, zogadka-
    cobriuli Rirebuleba, magram sxvaTa Teoriuli-praq-
    tikuli gamocdileba naklebad iyo xelmisawvdomi.
    dRes ki mdgomareoba arsebiTad Seicvala. Mmsoflio
    bazari erTian globalur konkurencias amkvidrebs.
    Aam konkurenciaSi warmatebulia is, visac ukeTesi
    teqnologia aqvs. Aamitom gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
    aqvs ara imdenad Teoriul codnas, ramdenadac misi
    gamoyenebis meTods. Aamitom dRes ufro mniSvnelova-
    nia ganaTlebis sistemis iseTi organizeba, romelic
    uzrunvelyofs aTvisebuli codnisa da unar-Cvevebis
    racionalur gamoyenebas praqtikaSi.
    miuxedavad yvelafrisa,swavla-ganaTleba da aRzrda
    ar unda mowydes erovnul tradiciaebs, magram aseve
    unda moicavdes zogadkacobriul gamocdilebasac.
    saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesis teqnologiza-
    cia msoflio pedagogikaSi ukavSirdeba iseT didaq-
    tikuri midgomebis Ziebas, romlissaSualebiTac swav-
    leba erTgvar ,,mwarmoeblur-teqnologiur procesad
    gadaiqceva, romelsac Sedegi garantirebuli aqvs.

    125
    pedagogiuri teqnologiis sam ZiriTad jgufs gan-
    arCeven:
    1. axsniT-ilustraciuli swavlebis teqnologia,
    romelsac informaciuloba udevs safuZvlad, aseve
    reproduqtiuli moqmedianoba saerTo-saswavlo un-
    ar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebis mizniT.
    2. pirovnebaze orientirebuli swavlebis teqnilogia,
    romelic emsaxureba moswavlis asakobrivi da indi-
    vidualuri Taviseburebis gaTvaliswinebas.
    3. ganmaviTarebeli swavlebis teqnologia, romel-
    ic iTvaliswinebs swavlebis iseT saSualebebs,
    romelic iwvevs moswavlis Sinagani ganviTarebis
    meqanizmebis amoqmedebas da misi inteleqtualuri
    SesaZleblobis gamovlinebas.
    axsniTi-ilustraciuli teqnilogiis fsiqologiur-
    pedagogiuri analizis gziT mecnierebma daadgines,
    rom misi gamoyenebisas moswavleTa erTi nawilisTvis
    swavleba iZulebis saSualebiT xorcieldeba. marTalia,
    am gziT moswavleebi swavloben axal masalas, magram
    aseTi represiuli garemo amuxruWebs mozardTa
    bunebriv socialur zrdas da uyalibebs agresias,
    rac uaryofiTad moqmedebs rogorc moswavlis, ase
    maswavleblis fsiqikur da fizikur janmrTelobaze.
    iZulebis situacia da mudmivi garegan kontroli
    moswavleebSi iwvevs SemoqmedebiTi unarebis,
    iniciativisa da damoukideblobis, SemecnebiTi
    aqtivobis ganviTarebis Seferxebas, sakuTari
    arasrulfasovnebis SegrZnebas, undoblobas, Secdomis
    daSvebis SiSsa da uadgilo kompleqsebs.
    fsiqologTa statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT
    moswavleTa erT mesameds gadatvirTvis, SiSis, Sfo-
    Tvis, damamcirebeli epiTetebis Sedegad gamowveuli
    gancdebis gamo unviTardeba e. w. ,,didaqtikuri ner-
    vozi”, rac aZnelebs axali masalis aTvisebas, saswav-

    126
    lo procesisadmi uaryofiT damokidebulebas. rac
    ufro Zlieria iZuleba, miT ufro Zlierdeba im saqmi-
    anobisadmi gaucxoeba, rasac aiZuleben.
    rogorc cnobili, bavSvis ganviTareba iwyeba misi
    dabadebidanve garemomcvel sinamdvilesTan emociuri
    urTierTobis safuZvelze, Semdeg TamaSis gziT mim-
    dinareobs, romelSic bavSvi sakuTari ganviTarebis
    subieqtia. skolaSi ki aRsazrdeli maswavlebelTa
    zemoqmedebis obieqtad iqceva. Ees cvlilebebi bavS-
    visTvis mtkivneulia, rac misi emociuri mdgomareobis
    daZabuloba - gaRizianebiT vlindeba. Rac TandaTano-
    biT nervozis ganviTarebisa da swavlisadmi interesis
    dakargvis safuZveli xdeba.
    saqmisadmi damokidebuleba da warmatebas
    ganapirobebs motivebi. Mmoqmedianobis aRmZvreli
    SeiZleba iyos Sinagani da garegani motivi. garegan
    aqtivobas warmoSobs stimulebi: waxaliseba, jildo,
    dawinaureba, gamarjveba, barieris gadalaxva da a. S.
    Sinagani motivacia ukavSirdeba TviTmoqmedebis
    process, Sinagan moTxovnilebas, dadebiT emociebs,
    sakuTari ZalebiT SemecnebiTi winaaRmdegobis
    daZleviT gamowveul moralur kmayofilebas. saskolo
    praqtikaSi saswavlo procesi ZiRiTadad agebulia
    garegan mastimulirebl faqtorebze. aq ki yuradReba
    ZiriTadad gamaxvilebulia niSnebze, Sefasebebze,
    jildoebze da a. S.
    mecnierebis azriT, aucilebelia organizaciuli
    cvlilebi saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiT procesSi. amisT-
    vis maT saWirod miaCniaT swavlebis ufro srulyofi-
    li teqnologiebis gamoyeneba, Teoriisa da praqtikis
    maqsimaluri daaxloeba, rac uzrunvelyofs pedagogi-
    uri procesis normalizacias. kerZod: maswavlebelTa
    gadasvla saswavlo sagnobriobidan moswavleebTan
    urTierTobis pirovnul modelze da maswavlebelTa

    127
    momzadeba moswavleebSi Sinagani aqtivobis aRmZvreli
    pedagogiur teqnologiebis SemoqmedebiTad gamoyen-
    ebisaTvis.
    amrigad, rogorc pedagogikis saxelmZRvanelo
    migviTiTebs, saWiroa maswavleblebSi moswavleebT-
    an urTierTobis pedagogiuri kulturis amaRle-
    ba, moswavleTa nebayoflobiTobis, iniciativisa da
    damoukideblobis, maTi asakobrivi da individualuri
    Taviseburebebis, moswavlis pirovnebisadmi pativisce-
    misa da aRzrdaSi dadebiTze dayrdnobis, Teoriisa
    da praqtikis mWidro kavSiris princi pebis, aseve maTi
    praqtikuli realizaciis meTodebis, gzebis, formebi-
    sa da saSualebebis SemoqmedebiTad gamoyenebis, e. i.
    swori teqnologizaciis Teoriul-praqtikuli codna-
    gamocdilebisa da unar-Cvevebis gamoamuSaveba Taname-
    drove moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.
    G

    128
    gamoyenebuli literatura

    1. ganaTlebis reformebi Tanamedrove msoflioSi.


    1995.
    2. n. vasaZe, pedagogika, Tb. 2000.
    3. pedagogiuri teqnologiebi . . . 1994.
    4. П. Циавичене. Теория модульного обучения М.,1989.
    5. А. Джуринский. Современные теорий о развитие
    образование в мире. М.,1989.
    6. n. cucqiriZe, orjonikiZe, swavlebis Teoriebi. Tb.,
    2009.

    Nana Gurtskaia
    Sokhumi State University
    Faculty of Education, IV year student

    Notion of Didactical Neurosis in Pedagogics

    Didactical neurosis has been revealed in pupils. From the scientists’


    point of view this is caused by exhaustion, difficult relations with
    teachers, peers and parents. The teachers have to study those kinds of
    pupils, and work out the appropriate plans which supports filling up
    the deficit they have.

    129
    pedagogiuri sibrZne

    1. ganaTleba gonebisTvis igivea, rac sisxli


    sxeulisTvis (a. distrvegi).
    * * *
    2. aRzrda, qveynad arsebuli yoveli sikeTisa da
    borotebis, ubedurebisa da bednierebis pirvelwyaroa
    (r. oueni).
    * * *
    3. mwams, rom kacobriobis yvela problemam aRzrdaSi
    unda hpovos gadawyveta
    (Tagori).
    * * *
    4. yvelaferi is, rac ar gagvaCnia dabadebisas da uimisod
    ar vvargibarT didobisas, mogvca aRzrdam
    (Jan-Jak ruso).
    * * *
    5. adamianis Rirseba ganizomeba gonebrivi simaRliT,
    zneobrivi sispetakiT, romelsac igi Tesavs Tavisi
    moRvaweobiT
    (i. gogebaSvili)
    * * *
    6. swavleba saswaulebs axdens mxolod Sromis
    safuZvelze
    (demokrite).
    * * *
    7. swavlebam unda gananaTlos, aRzardos da ganaviTaros
    moswavle
    (a. distervegi).

    9 moswavle harmoniulma ganviTarebam unda aqcios


    pirovnebad
    (a. distervegi).

    130
    * * *
    10. adamiani Seqmnilia saganTa SecnobisaTvis, zneobrivi
    harmoniisaTvis da RvTis usazRvro siyvarulisaTvis
    (ian-amos komenski).
    * * *
    11. adamiani aris yvelaze mSvidi da yvelaze RvTaebrivi
    suldgmuli, Tu igi moSinaurebulia WeSmariti aRzrdiT.
    Tu mas ar miuRia aRzrda, an yalbi aRzrda miiRo, maSin is
    aris yvelaze ufro veluri im cxovelTa Soris, romlebsac
    dedamiwa warmoSobs
    (platoni).
    * * *
    12. sibrZne biwier suls ar ekareba, Tu sindisi ar gaqvs,
    mxolod codna daRupavs suls
    (solomoni)

    * * *
    13. avkacobis nebas ar mogcems grZnoba
    kacTmoyvareobisa
    (ilia WavWavaZe).
    * * *
    14.wminda sindisi ganuwyveteli lxinia
    (ian-amos komenski).
    * * *
    15. skolam qristes unda dagvamsgavsos
    (ian-amos komenski).
    * * *
    16. sicocxle izomeba saqmeebis mixedviT da ara
    xangrZlivobis mixedviT
    (ian-amos komenski).
    * * *
    17. rogorc Tqven gindaT mogeqcnen adamianebi, Tqvenc
    iseve moeqeciT maT
    (luka 6:13).
    131
    * * *
    18. yvelaze ufro ufrTxildiT, bavSvma ar SeiZulos
    swavla, romlis Seyvareba jer kidev ver mouswria
    (m.f. kvintiliane).

    * * *
    19. mecnierebaTa pirvel safuZvlebs, Cayrils didostatis
    xeliT, srulyofilebisaken mivyavarT
    (m. f. kvintiliane).

    * * *
    20. araferia mikerZoebulobaze ufro autaneli
    (m.f. kvintiliane).

    * * *
    21. maswavlebeli mWevrmetyveli da zneobiT gamorCeuli
    unda iyos,raTa aqilevsis maswavleblis msgavsad aswavlides
    sityvasa da saqmes
    (m. f. kvintiliane).
    * * *
    22. cudi maswavlebeli mza WeSmaritebas gadacems, kargi
    ki - moswavleebs kargis aRmoCenas aswavlis
    (a. distervegi).
    * * *
    23. cudia is meTodi, romelic moswavles aCvevs ubralo
    SeTvisebas da pasiurobas, samagierod kargia is meTodi,
    romelic aviTarebs moswavlis TviTmoqmedebas
    (a. distervegi).
    * * *
    24. tvinma TviTmoqmedebiT unda aRiqvas, aiTvisos ga
    gadaamuSavos yvelaferi . . . is, rac adamianma ar SeiZina
    TviTmoqmedebiT, misi ar aris
    (a. distervegi).
    132
    * * *
    25. bavSvis ganviTarebis kanonebisa da princi pebis ar
    codna pedagogiuri uvicobaa, xolo misi ugulvebelyofa -
    barbarosoba
    ( a. distervegi).
    * * *
    26. eri Taviseburi koleqtiuri pirovnebaa, amitom misi
    aRorZineba SeiZleba mxolod Taviseburi, erovnuli gziT
    (i. gogebaSvili).
    * * *
    27. dedaena aris salaro,dausrulebeli rveuli,romelSic
    daculia mTeli simdidre xalxis gonebisa, fantaziisa, da
    gulisa, nafiqrisa, nagrZnobisa, namoqmedarisa
    (i. gogebaSvili).
    * * *
    28. mcire nawili kacobriobisa hyars simdidrisagan da
    umravlesoba - siRatakisgan
    (i. gogebaSvili).
    * * *
    29. araviTar codnas ar SeuZlia misces adamians imaze
    meti damajerebloba, ramdenadac aZlevs mas religiuri
    rwmena
    ( f. herbarti).
    * * *
    30. wignebi saWiroa, raTa moagonon adamians, misi
    originaluri azrebi arc ise axalia!
    (abraam linkolini)

    133
    s a r Ce v i

    winauwyeba_________________________________________ 5

    g. xuxua - pedagogikuri cnebiTi-terminologiuri


    sistemis SemecnebiTi mniSvneloba maswavlebis
    profesiul saqmianobaSi.____________________________ 7

    e. Wanturia - pirovnebis formirebis pedagogiuri


    infrastruqturis tradiciuli da Tanamedrove pedago-
    giuri teqnologiebi. _______________________________ 16

    m. salia - humanuri aRzrda - moswavleTa moraluris


    saxis formirebis safuZveli _______________________ 28

    g. xuxua - Tvalis roli pirovnebis


    formirebaSi _____________________________________ 40
    i. buxuleiSvili - mozardebSi agresiulobis
    gamomwvevi mizezebis Sesaxeb. _______________________ 50

    l. jinjixaZe - qarTuli enisa da literaturis


    swavlebis ZiriTadi orientiri. ____________________ 62

    j. jinjixaZe - maTematikuri metyvelebis


    ganviTareba dawyebiT skolaSi. _____________________ 69

    n. maisuraZe - saswavlo teqstis sirTule da misi


    daZlevis pedagogikuri teqnologiebi. ______________ 79

    T. gabunia - maswavleblis sazogadoebrivi da


    pirovnuli roli da mniSvneloba. __________________ 90

    i. gudaZe - pedagogiuri kanonebi da princi pebi -


    aRzrdis safuZveli. ______________________________ 94
    134
    T. jiqia - pirovnebis formirebis faqtorebi
    m.f. kvintilianes mixedviT. _________________________ 98

    n. TaTaraSvili - pirovnebis formirebis


    konvergenciuli Teoria. ___________________________ 102

    e. CubiniZe - aRzrdis faqtori srulfasovni


    pirovnebis formirebaSi. __________________________ 107

    n. gafrindaSvili - sulieri aRzrdis roli


    srulfasovani pirovnebis formirebaSi. _____________ 113

    n. tabataZe - zneobrivi aRzrda pirovnebis


    moraluri saxis CamoyalibebaSi. ___________________ 117

    s. oqriaSvili - pedagogikis Teoriis roli


    maswavleblis profesiul momzadebaSi. ______________ 121

    n. Rurwkaia - didaqtikuri nervozis cneba


    pedagogikaSi. ____________________________________ 125

    pedagogiuri sibrZne ___________________________ 130P

    135
    mecniereba da skola

    samecniero pedagogiuri

    Sromebis krebuli 2010

    wigni dakabadonda da gamoica


    Sps `kopiprint 2000~-Si
    Tbilisi, vaJa-fSavelas #5
    tel: 38 50 19

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