The City School

North Nazimabad Girls Campus

First Organic Chemistry Worksheet
11thOLevel

Name: ____________________________ Sec: _______ Subject: Chemistry

Multiple choice questions.

1) One mole of each alkane undergoes complete combustion. Which alkane will produce seven moles of
products?
A CH4 B C 2 H6
C C 3 H8 D C 4 H10

2) Molecules 1–4 are unbranched hydrocarbons.

1 C 10 H22 2 C 10 H20
3 C 9 H20 4 C 8 H16
Which row correctly identifies these hydrocarbons as alkanes or alkenes?

3) How many of the structures show an unsaturated hydrocarbon molecule?

A1 B2
C3 D4

4) Which statements are correct for alkenes but not for alkanes?
1 They turn aqueous bromine from brown to colourless.
2 Their general formula is C nH2n.
3 They burn in air to form carbon dioxide and water.
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only
C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

5) How can the following reaction be described?

A combustion B cracking
C oxidation D reduction
6) The structures of four hydrocarbons, W, X, Y and Z, are shown.

Which row is correct?

7) Which compound is the most viscous and the least flammable?

A C 6 H14 B C 8 H18
C C 10 H22 D C 12 H26

8) With which substance will ethene react to form more than one product?
A argon B hydrogen
C oxygen D steam

9) Which statement about isomers of a compound is always correct?

A They have different empirical formulae.
B They have different relative molecular masses.
C They have only carbon and hydrogen in their molecules.
D They have the same molecular formula.

10) How many of the structures show an unsaturated hydrocarbon molecule?

A1 B2
C3 D4

11) Which statement about alkanes is correct?

A Alkanes are readily polymerised.
B Alkanes react with bromine by addition.
C Alkanes react with chlorine by substitution.
D Butane has three more carbon atoms and eight more hydrogen atoms than methane.

12) When cracked, one mole of a compound, X, produces one mole of propene and one mole of hydrogen.
X → C 3 H6 + H2
What type of compound is X?
A an alcohol B an alkane
C an alkene D a carboxylic acid
13) Two isomers are shown.

Which statements about these isomers are correct?

1 They have the same empirical formula.
2 They have different molecular formulae.
3 They are members of the same homologous series.

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only

C 1 only D 2 and 3 only

14) A hydrocarbon compound Q has molecular formula CxHy.

Q reacts with hydrogen to form a single product with molecular formula CxHy+2.
Which statement about Q is correct?
A Q does not burn in air.
B Q is a saturated hydrocarbon.
C Q reacts with bromine to form a single product with molecular formula CxHy–1Br.
D Q reacts with steam to form a single product with molecular formula CxHy+2O.

15) Propane undergoes substitution reactions when mixed with chlorine gas in the presence of ultraviolet
light.
Which compound could be formed when propane and chlorine are mixed in the presence of ultraviolet light?

A CH3 CCl2 CH3 B CH2 ClCH2Cl

C CH3 CH2 CH3Cl D CH3 CHClCH2 CH3

16) The hydrocarbon CH 3 CHCH2 will undergo a number of chemical reactions.

In which reaction will the carbon to carbon single bond be broken?

A combustion with oxygen B hydrogenation

C polymerisation D reaction with steam

17) Hydrocarbon compounds can form rings of carbon atoms as well as chains.
The structures of two hydrocarbon rings are shown.
Which of P and Q is unsaturated and which reacts with aqueous bromine?

18) Alkanes are saturated compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only.
Structures 1, 2, 3 and 4 are saturated hydrocarbons.

Which pair of structures are isomers?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4
19) When butene reacts with bromine, which compound could be made?

20) Which statement about propene is correct?

A It can be formed by cracking butane.
B It has the formula C 3 H8 .
C It is a saturated hydrocarbon.
D It reacts with hydrogen to form ethane.

21) Which statement about the homologous series of alkanes is correct?

A Alkanes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
B Alkanes all have the general formula CnH2n.
C The boiling points decrease as the number of carbon atoms per molecule increases.
D The liquid alkanes become more viscous as the mass of the molecules increases.

22) Which compound has the empirical formula with the greatest relative formula mass?

A C 2 H6 B C 4 H10
C C 5 H10 D C 6 H6

23) Which statement about vegetable oil and the margarine made from it is correct?
A Both are liquids at room temperature.
B Both occur naturally.
C Margarine has the higher melting point.
D Vegetable oil has fewer carbon-carbon double bonds than margarine.

24) The addition reaction between a hydrocarbon X and bromine forms only one product.
Which compound is X?

A CH4 B C 2 H4
C C 2 H6 D CH3 OH
25) A series of reactions producing propanol from the naphtha fraction of petroleum (crude oil) is shown.

26) Vegetable oils can be made into margarine. Which row describes the changes which take place?

27) Which structure represents an isomer of butane?

28) Which statement about the organic compounds CH 4 , C 2 H4, C 2 H6 and C 3 H8 is correct?
A Only C 2 H4 and C 2 H6 decolourise bromine water.
B They are all saturated compounds.
C They are all unsaturated compounds.
D They are all hydrocarbons.
29) The alkenes are a homologous series. Which statement about alkenes is correct?
A An alkene molecule contains four fewer hydrogen atoms than an alkane molecule with the same number of
carbon atoms.
B If a food is described as polyunsaturated it means that it contains polymers.
C Propene reacts with steam to form propanol.
D The general formula for the alkenes is CnH2n+2.

30) Which reaction is an addition reaction?

A making ethane and ethene from butane
B making ethene and hydrogen from butane
C the manufacture of margarine from a vegetable oil
D the reaction between ethene and oxygen, giving carbon dioxide and water

31) When 1 volume of gas R reacts with exactly 5 volumes of oxygen, it forms carbon dioxide and water only.
What is R?
A butane, C 4 H10 B ethane, C 2 H6
C methane, CH4 D propane, C 3 H8

32) Which fraction of petroleum (crude oil) is used as a fuel in aircraft engines?

A bitumen B naphtha
C paraffin (kerosene) D petrol (gasoline)

33) Which diagram shows a branched-chain isomer of butane?

34) A straight-chain alkene, C 4 H8 , undergoes an addition reaction with bromine.

What is the possible structure of the product?
A CH3 CHBrCH2CH2 Br
B CH3 CHBrCHBrCH3
C CH2 BrCH2CH2 CH2Br
D CH3 CH2CH2 CH2Br
 Theory Section
1) Cyclohexene, C 6 H10 , is a cycloalkene. Cycloalkenes react in a similar way to alkenes.

(a) Cyclohexene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

(i) What is meant by the term unsaturated?

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(ii) What is meant by the term hydrocarbon?

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(b) Construct the equation for the complete combustion of cyclohexene.

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(c) Cyclohexene reacts with bromine. This is an addition reaction.
(i) Write the molecular formula of the product of this reaction.

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(ii) What would be observed in this reaction?

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(d) The cycloalkene has a relative molecular mass, Mr, of 68.
Draw the structure of the cycloalkene, showing all of the atoms and all of the bonds. [1]

2) The alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons.

(a) State two properties of a homologous series.

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(b) Draw the structures of the branched and unbranched alkanes having four carbon atoms.
Show all the atoms and all the bonds. [2]
(c) The graph shows how the melting points of the first nine unbranched alkanes vary with the number of
carbon atoms per molecule.

(i) Describe how the melting points of these alkanes change with the number of carbon atoms.

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(ii) Use the graph to estimate the melting point of the unbranched alkane which has ten carbon atoms.

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(d) (i) Construct the equation for the complete combustion of pentane, C 5 H12 .

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(ii) Name the products of the incomplete combustion of pentane and explain why the incomplete combustion
of hydrocarbons is hazardous to health.

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3) Alkenes are a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The table shows information about some
alkenes.

(a) Decene is a liquid at 25 °C. How can you make this deduction from the data in the table?

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(b) Butene boils at –6 °C. Use the kinetic particle theory to explain what happens when butene boils.

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(c) A sample of ethene gas in a gas syringe is heated from 20 °C to 100 °C. The pressure remains constant.
Describe and explain, in terms of the kinetic particle theory, what happens to the volume of the gas.
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(d) At room temperature ethene diffuses faster than butene. Explain why.

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(e) Draw the structure, showing all the atoms and all the bonds, for two isomers with the molecular formula
C 4 H8 . [2]

(f) The structure of hexene is shown.

Draw the structure, showing all the atoms and all the bonds, for the product of the reaction of hexene with
steam. [1]

4) One mole of undecane, C 11 H24 , is cracked to form a mixture containing one mole of ethene, one mole of
propene and one mole of another hydrocarbon.
(i) Construct the equation for this reaction.

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(ii) Explain why oil companies crack the longer chain hydrocarbons.

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(iii) Nonane is an alkane with nine carbon atoms. Give the molecular formula for nonane.

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5) Alkanes are a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons.
(a) Draw the structures of two different alkanes with the molecular formula C 4 H10 .
Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in each structure. [2]
(b) State, using the general formula of alkanes, the molecular formula of an alkane which has only 12 carbon
atoms in its molecule.

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(c) Many alkanes are separated from petroleum (crude oil) by fractional distillation.
Describe the fractional distillation of petroleum (crude oil).

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(d) Butane, C 4 H10 , reacts with chlorine to give several products.
(i) State the condition needed for this substitution reaction.

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(ii) One of these products contains 37.8% carbon by mass, 6.30% hydrogen by mass and 55.9% chlorine by
mass. Calculate the empirical formula of the product. Deduce the molecular formula of the product.

empirical formula ...............................................................

molecular formula ............................................................... [3]

6) Petroleum (crude oil) provides the raw materials for making ethanol and ammonia.
(a) Describe how petroleum (crude oil) is separated to make fractions such as naphtha and petrol (gasoline).

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(b) Compounds such as C 11 H24 in the naphtha fraction are cracked to make hydrogen, alkenes and smaller
alkanes.
(i) Explain how the molecular formula C 11 H24 shows the compound is an alkane.

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(ii) Construct an equation to show the cracking of C 11 H24 to make ethene and an alkane only.

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7) Fractional distillation and cracking are important processes in the conversion of petroleum (crude oil) into
useful hydrocarbons.
(a) Fractional distillation separates petroleum (crude oil) into fractions such as bitumen and naphtha.
(i) Which physical property allows the petroleum (crude oil) to be separated into fractions?

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(ii) Describe the separation of petroleum (crude oil) by fractional distillation.

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(iii) Give one use of the bitumen fraction.

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(b) The naphtha fraction is used as a chemical feedstock.
One of the hydrocarbons in naphtha has the molecular formula C 10 H22 .
Use the general formula for an alkane to show that C 10 H22 is an alkane.

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(c) In an experiment C 10 H22 is cracked to form products A, B and C.

(i) Product A gives a squeaky pop when ignited with a burning splint. Identify product A.

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(ii) Product B has a relative molecular mass of 98 and decolourises aqueous bromine.
Suggest the molecular formula for B. Explain your answer.

molecular formula ..................................................

explanation .............................................................................................................. ...............................................

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8) Petroleum (crude oil) is an important source of many chemicals.

(a) Outline the separation of petroleum (crude oil) into fractions such as petrol, diesel and bitumen.

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(b) State one large scale use of bitumen.

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(c) Long chain hydrocarbons can be cracked to produce hydrogen.

(i) A long chain hydrocarbon has the molecular formula C 12 H26 .
Explain how the formula shows that this hydrocarbon is an alkane.

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(ii) Construct an equation to show the cracking of C 12 H26 to make hydrogen and at least one alkene.

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9) Naphtha is a fraction obtained from petroleum (crude oil).
(a) Explain how naphtha is obtained from petroleum (crude oil).

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(b) One compound in the naphtha fraction has the formula C 12 H26.
(i) From this formula, how can you deduce that this compound is an alkane?

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(ii) The alkane, C 12 H26 , can be cracked to form an alkene that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Construct the equation for this reaction.

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(c) Ethene, C 2 H4 , can be made by cracking hydrocarbons.

Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for ethene. You only need to show the outer shell electrons. [2]

(d) Chlorine reacts with both ethene and ethane.

(i) One molecule of ethene reacts with one molecule of chlorine.
Draw the structure of the product of this reaction. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds. [1]
(ii) One molecule of ethane can react with two molecules of chlorine.
What is the molecular formula of the organic product of this reaction?

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10) Alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons.

The boiling point, melting point and density of alkanes increase as the number of carbon atoms increases.
(a) (i) Give one other physical property of alkanes which increases as the number of carbon atoms increases.

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(ii) Give two other characteristics of a homologous series.

1 ..............................................................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................ ................................................ [2]

(b) Two typical reactions of alkanes are combustion and cracking. State the name of another typical chemical
reaction of alkanes and the reactant needed to react with the alkanes.

type of reaction ............................................................................................................ .............

reactant ......................................................................... ............................................................ [2]

(c) Alkenes are produced by cracking alkanes.

(i) State two conditions needed for cracking alkanes.

1 ..............................................................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Tridecane, C 13 H28 , can be cracked to produce an alkene with four carbon atoms and one other
hydrocarbon only. Construct an equation for this reaction.

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(d) A hydrocarbon contains 88.9% carbon by mass.

Calculate the empirical formula of this compound.

empirical formula ....................................................[2]

11) Alkenes are made in an oil refinery by cracking hydrocarbons.
(a) (i) Give one other reason why petroleum companies carry out cracking.

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(ii) Complete the equation for the cracking of tridecane, C 13 H28, to form propene, C 3 H6 , and one other
hydrocarbon.

C 13 H28 C 3 H6 + ............... [1]

(b) Propene is an alkene.

(i) Write the general formula for an alkene.

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(ii) Propene reacts with steam by an addition reaction. Predict the molecular formula of the product of this
reaction.

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(iii) When propene undergoes incomplete combustion, a small amount of carbon dioxide is formed.
Name two other substances formed when propene undergoes incomplete combustion.

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