Name: _________________________________________________________Date of Module Released: _____________

Department of Education
Region 4-A CALABARZON Grade/Section: __________________________________________Date of Module Finished: ___________________
Division of Laguna
MOREH GLOBAL INNOVATIVE COLLEGE INC. Welcome to
Lot 169, Purok 1, Brgy. San Francisco, Victoria, Laguna MODULE 1&2
4011
Contact No. 0920-884-7912
School ID: 410108
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY, AND CITIZENSHIP

This course focuses on the application of ideas and methods of the social sciences to understand,
investigate, and examine challenges of contemporary community life. It focuses on community-action
initiatives such as community engagement, solidarity, and citizenship as guided by the core values of human
rights, social justice, empowerment and advocacy, gender equality, and participatory development. It aims
at enhancing students’ sense of shared identity and willingness to contribute to the pursuit of the common
good of the community. It enables students to integrate applied social sciences into community-action
initiatives.

The module is based on the competency from the Most Essential Learning Competency
(MELC) developed by the Department of Education as a part of the learning contingency plan.

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, Eddesa Maris D. Javier, LPT

SOLIDARITY, AND CITIZENSHIP

Author

1st Quarter
Grade Level Standard

Week 1-2 Demonstrate an understanding of the integration of social science perspective and
community action initiatives.

Most Essential Learning Competencies

Explain the importance of studying community dynamics and community action in relation to
applied social sciences and the learners’ future career options
HUMSS_CSC12-IIIa-c-1
Define community using various perspectives, e.g., social sciences, institutions, civil society, and
local/grassroots level
HUMSS_CSC12-IIa-c-2
Analyze functions of communities in terms structures, dynamics, and processes
HUMSS_CSC12-IIIa-c-5
Compare and contrast typologies of communities
HUMSS_CSC12-IIIa-c-6

Page 1
 CHAPTER 1: CONCEPTS AND PERSPECTIVES OF COMMUNITY
Lesson 1: IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AND COMMUNITY
ACTION
Individuals having significant interaction within a specified area becomes one of the
contributory factors in forming community. The word community was derived from the Latin
word communis which means “common” or “shared”.
It may share a certain sense of place whether it is geographical area or through a virtual
space. Geographical community is a community where members share the same geographical
vicinity such as a village, province or neighborhood. Non-geographical community is a community
formed based on needs, ideas, interests, identity, practices, and roles in social institutions such as
at home, all work, in government, society, or the community at large.
Communication and relationships are imperative in building community. As people
communicate and interact, relationships foster. It develops pattern by which adopted in the
environment.
Communities may also be in two levels: Micro-level community, a group is formed based
on personal ties. This may include groups formed for pursuing common interests or goals like
forming a small organization to hold a fund-raising activity such as concerts. At macro-level, large
group affiliation is formed such as national communities, international communities, and virtual
communities. Companies and corporations may develop various programs that would include
different members across the country. They will work on meeting certain objectives and expand on
the aspect of community involvement.
Mores, values, and identity is a commonality that form culture. Hence, the interest of social
sciences focused in the study of communities. The following are the importance of studying
community:
1. It motivates people to work together – people feel a sense of community and recognize the
benefits of their involvement.
2. It encourages social, religious, or traditional obligations for mutual help.
3. People see a genuine opportunity to better their own lives and for the community.
4. It understands policies promoting community participation that values social capital.
5. Community participation could be understood as the direct involvement of citizenry in the
affairs of planning, governance, and overall development programs at local or grassroots levels.
 Community Dynamics is understanding community life makes us value the things we have on
a daily basis, social encounter constructs reality and affects some changes within.
 Community Action is any activity that aims to increase the understanding, engagement and
empowerment of communities for the intention of giving services to people. There are 3-key
points in grasping the definition more meaningful:
•Understanding – raise an awareness about certain communal issues that needs to be
addressed. People develop the feeling of involvement once they truly comprehend the situation
within. They come together to support advocacies that will overcome community needs and
difficulties.
•Engagement – Once issues are assessed properly and people in the community understand
the needs, they work collaboratively to act on it. The main goal of engaging in the community is to
improve the partnership and coalitions among the community. It is important that engagement
occurs so that members will be able to involve meaningfully in the activities that they have created.
•Empowerment – enable the people to independently decide, plan-out and take action to
control the situation they have in the community. This means, initiative and decisions come from
internal group organized for the benefit of everyone. It is also necessary that the community can
provide significant networks and linkages that will genuinely serve the advocacies that they have
built.
Hence, the study of community action is imperative in the field of social sciences and other
related disciplines as it lays on the foundation that individuals and families – as basic unit, are
embedded in different social structures that shape the behaviors in the system. Having
knowledge in community action makes an individual understand better by being aware in the
environment, have meaningful engagement and accept empowerment to create significant
impact.
ASSESSMENT 1
Part 1: Directions: Modified TRUE or FALSE: Examine the underlined word from the given
statements below. Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is False. If false, write the
correct word or words to make the statement correct.
________________ 1. One of the importance in studying the community is that the people see an
opportunity to understand the policies within and values cultural capital.
________________ 2. The interaction taking place in the community is community dynamics itself.
Page 2
________________ 3. Changes in the community can be brought about by social, cultural and historical
experiences.
________________ 4. Geographical communities are formed based on needs, ideas, interests and identity,
practices and roles in social institutions.
________________ 5. Macro-level perspectives are focused on pursuing common interests or goals like
forming a small organization to hold an advocacy.
________________ 6. Empowerment is to raise awareness about certain communal issues that needs to be
addressed.
________________ 7. Community Action is any activity that aims to increase the understanding,
involvement and empowerment of communities for the intention of giving services
to people.
________________ 8. It is important to identify the different needs of the community that should be
addressed.
________________ 9. People in a community share something in common.
________________ 10. It is important that engagement occurs so that members will be able to involve
meaningfully in the activities that they have created.
Part 2: Directions: Answer the following questions.
1. As social science student, do you think it is necessary to study community? Why do you think so?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
2. Can the dynamics in the community affect the lives of the people? If yes, why? How? If not, why
not?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
LESSON 2: DEFINITIONS OF COMMUNITY
Definition of Community Across Different Perspectives
 THE SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE - “Social Science” is an umbrella term for various
fields of study which examines social relations and human society. It views the community as
composed of people interacting with one another, sensitive to each other’s emotions and
subjective point of view. Basically, it describes “community as a group of people in a particular
area interacting together.”
The following are disciplines in social sciences that related to the idea of community:
 ANTHROPOLOGY - This field examines the various aspects of humans, such as their
biology, behavior, culture and social interactions. It may also study how people adapt their ways
of living to different environments e.g, determining ways to help a community solve health related
concerns.
- This can be addressed by understanding the situation through interacting with the
people in the community. Connecting its history with its present condition., end eventually solving
the community concern.
 ECONOMICS - This field studies the production, allocation and consumption of goods and
services. In any community, one finds various forms of wealth distribution. The ultimate goal of
economics is to improve the lives of people, such that their needs are satisfied.
 POLITICAL SCIENCE - The field encompasses the various ways and means of allocating
power, influence, decision-making. This includes types of governments and management systems,
and how people in small bands or informal groups make decisions when they do not have recognized
leaders. All communities have some forms of political system.
 PSYCHOLOGY - This discipline studies the human mind, brain, and social behavior. This
extends to interaction between people and interpersonal relationships. It comprises a variety of
different subfields including abnormal psychology, developmental psychology, cognitive psychology
and social psychology. Psychology in general is most often associated with the study, diagnosis and
treatment of mental illnesses.
 SOCIOLOGY - This field is the study of society, social order, social interactions, and culture. It
introduces the concepts of social capital and communitarianism. Social capital is defined as the
networks of relationship among people who live and work in a particular society for the effective
functioning of the community. The concept of communitarianism explains the connection between
the individual and the community. Every person has a special role in one’s society, it’s part of human
nature to relate with other people in various conditions or situations.
 CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE - Stresses the idea of forming a group, foundation or an
organization in service to society. This perspective views society as a community of citizens
linked by common interests and collective activity. Examples include people’s organization,
civic organization, and social movements.
- This is considered the affective model of community since a sense of belonging is
achieved due to the collaboration of shared interests and identities in serving the humanity.
Groups of people come together regardless of location, and organize plans to render support
and assistance to society.
Page 3
  Civic organizations in the Philippines are ABS CBN Foundation, Ayala Red Cross Foundation, 3. One of the perspectives in community wherein it understands that community is composed of
Boy and Girl Scouts of the Philippines and Caritas Manila. the ways people interact with each other, react, and expect each other to act and interact.
 Social movement example is the human right movement. 4.Institutional community is a _______ model as it is defined by its networks and institutions.
 LOCAL AND GRASSROOTS PERSPECTIVES 8. The ultimate of this discipline is to improve the lives of others such that their needs are
This perspective highlights volunteerism. Members of communities may involve satisfied.
themselves in various programs or activities. The community uses self-organization and 10. Civil society perspective is considered as __________ model since because of collaboration
encourages the local citizens to contribute to the community by taking responsibilities and a sense of belonging is achieved.
actions. Down:
Leaders and other members identify the sources of concerns in a local setting and 1. One highlight of civil society perspective wherein the members of the community may involve
determine ways to address these problems. Volunteers are mobilized in themselves in various community activities.
cooperation with government decision-makers who will be accountable for their actions. The 5. It is most often associated with the study, diagnosis of mental illnesses.
community also formulates programs for others, and employs actions according to the needs of 6.It is described from social science perspective as a group of people interacting together.
the community. 7.This community perspective uses self-organization and encourages the local citizens to
A concrete example of this is when doctors and dentists in different communities come contribute to the community by taking responsibilities and actions.
together to organize medical and dental missions especially for families affected by calamities. 9. It explains the connection between the individual and the community.
The youth who are full of spirit and energy are often excited to engage themselves in outdoor
activities. Immersing themselves in farming and fishing and taking part in the planting of trees
and crops will serve a meaningful experience for them.
 INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
The institutional perspective views the community in three different dimensions.
 First Dimension - It is an existing establishment or physical space where members of the
community go for a certain purpose.
 Second Dimension - It is the institutional community as a social model. This is defined by
networks and institutions where community group are formed in certain areas such as schools,
churches or companies.
 Third Dimension - Community is composed of the ways people act, interact with each other,
react, and expect each other to act and interact.
ASSESSMENT 2
Direction: Complete the crossword by filling in a word that fits each clue.
Across:
2. This field is focused in the study of society, social orders, socialization and culture.

Page 4
 Lesson 3: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNITY 6. Income distribution
 UNDERSTANDING THE COMMUNITY THROUGH ITS STRUCTURES • public assistance benefits available to residents, median income level of residents, income

Awareness of the essential aspects of the community is necessary in aiding the residents to
reflect on ways to be positively involved in its improvement. The poet John Donne famously said,
“No man is an island,” referring to humanity’s interconnectedness and the belief that humans
are always social beings.
Being aware of the structure of the community and exploring its aspects will help you
understand the necessary measures that should be undertaken to serve as an active member of
a community and as future leaders of the community. The following are the aspects of
levels and corresponding percentage of population.
7. Housing
• housing conditions, population density, types of housing, ownership and status of
houses (rental, real estate, etc)
8. Educational facilities and programs
• education system, extent of community support, existence of public and private schools,
adherence to intended curriculum of the Department of Education, attention to special
population (e.g., children with special needs) and to cultural differences, extent to which

community and the factors to explore. education brings out the best in the children (participation in competitions, profile of
graduates, training students holistically), adequate preparation for adults to enter the labor
1. Local Politics
force
• Structure of government, Decision-making power and control, Major issues currently in
9. Health and Welfare Systems
debate
• adequate numbers of health professionals and specialists, social service programs, respect
2. Demographics
of service providers to the needs and values of minority populations, availability of fire and
• Population size (total number of people), Population density (ratio of people to the space they
police protection, safety of the environment, the residents’ view on public safety and justice
inhabit), Heterogeneity (the extent to which community members have diverse characteristics),
system.
Ethnic groups, Names given to various parts of the community, Areas known for having their own
10. Sources of information and public opinion
characteristics (ex: industrial area, blue collar families), Isolation from or closeness to other
• presence of TV and radio stations and newspapers which provide the people information and
communities, History of the area, Changes and development of the area
perspectives on current events, community organizations’ capacity to update residents on
3. Geography and environmental influence
important information, the capacity of the sources of information to enhance the residents’
 the community’s physical environment, the community’s location and proximity to highways,
skills to promote positive change, the presence of community leaders who speak for various
bodies of water or mountains, existence of recreational areas concerns regarding environment
marginalized subgroups.
hazards such as pollution, power shortages, among others
 UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITY THROUGH ITS DYNAMICS
4. Beliefs and Attitudes
Leaders are important figures that will guide the members to carry out the plans in pursuit of the
 cultural values, traditions and beliefs of various segments of the population, spiritual and
group’s objectives. The guidance of a good leader in a group ensures the coherence of plans and
political values of the residents, available social agencies and the help they can extend,
better implementation of programs.
perceptions of residents as part of the community.
In the Philippines, the government provides several levels of leadership, from the president and
5. Local economy and businesses
vice-president, including other government officials at the national and in the local levels such as
• businesses, factories and other sources of employment that characterize the community, nature
mayors, congressmen, and governors. They are appointed based on qualifications, attitude and most
of business (owned by local residents or government)

Page 5
 often, through the votes of the residents. It is otherwise known as Formal Power Structure because
they are individuals from whose authority is based on formal rules appointed by the government.
There are also people who are appointed because of their ability to lead, direct or achieve without
an official leadership title. They are known as Informal Power Structure. They are popular to others
as influencers who can lead others with the most influence. Informal power comes, not from an official
position, but from the respect and appreciation one has earned from the members of a group. This
respect and appreciation allow the individual to influence his or her peers in a way that others within
the group cannot.
Examples are managers, supervisors, philanthropists, businessmen, producers and even
employees who lead their group as likable and charismatic leaders.
Legal authoritative decision-makers, on the other hand, are individuals or bodies whose
authority is based on formal rules and institutions. They are appointed because of their intelligence,
reputations, decision-making, dictation from laws and policies and connections.
Examples are the appointments made by the president of the country through his/her Powers of
Appointment as stated in the constitution or with the consent of the Commission on Appointments
like the heads of the executive departments, board of members and its leaders from any national
government-related institutions, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, etc.
The aforementioned (3) power dynamics are part of individual dimensions of community
which could be:
1. Interrelationship- community leaders are with direct relation with you through
familial relations, affinities or feeling of kinship, and social network, and
2. Organization- they could be part of an institution or an association, that has a
particular purpose in our community.
 UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITY THROUGH ITS PROCESS
A leader is an important figure in the community. Leaders must possess important characteristics
such as:
1. Effective Communication
-an open communication is highly recommended for leaders and their constituents.
There should be free access to important information concerning social issues and
public matters.
2. Development of Social Capital Building
- developing a resilient capital is among the most important contributors to successful
community leadership.
3. Community Engagement
- it is important to encourage young leaders to participate so that they are ready to
take over when the time comes.
4. Collaboration
- leaders should learn to “build bridges” and develop networks among community
leaders within the diverse fields.
These major components of being a better leader will help improve communities by effecting
positive social change, improve the relationships of their residents as well as build community
power.
Community Power is the capacity of the community to exercise control over activities and
seek ways to employ available resources to establish a stronger and successful community.
 Some ways for a community to build power.
A. Civic Involvement in identifying important issues
B. Citizen's voice in public prioritization and decision-making
C. Developing structures or systems for shared power and decision-making
D. Shared leadership/leadership development planning
ASSESSMENT 3
Part 1: Directions: Below are statements with jumbled words based on the previous discussion. Try
to remember each concept by looking into the jumbled words. Have fun!
1. __________________ MMUNICOTY ROEWP
-capacity of the community to exercise control over activities and seek ways to employ available
resources to establish a stronger and successful community.
2. ___________________ CONMIMUTY CUSTRURET
- this encompasses the various aspects in the community which includes demographics,
geography and environmental influences, beliefs and attitudes and the likes.
3. ___________________ ABCOLLARNIOTO
-one of the essential characteristics of leaders to be developed is that they build bridges and
develop networks among community leaders in the different fields.
4. ___________________ MARFOL ROWEP EURCTURST
Page 6
 - they are appointed based on qualifications, attitude and most often, through the votes of the There is professional relationship among There is a personal relationship among
residents members members
5. ____________________ GANITIONROAZ The flow of communication is restricted The flow of communication stretches in all
- they could be part of an institution or an association that has a particular purpose in our due to the chain of command directions
community.
B. Read and analyze the statements below. Write the word TRUE if statements are correct and  SOCIAL SPACE
FALSE if it is incorrect. Social Space is defined as a physical or virtual space which members of the community visit
___________ 6. Teachers, soldiers, and other government employees are examples of Formal Power or where they stay. Some examples of social space include the social center, online social media,
Structure. or other gathering spaces where people gather or interact.
___________ 7. Legal authoritative decision-makers leads their group as likable and charismatic Some social spaces are owned by the government, such as town squares, parks, and beaches.
leaders. They are also known as influencers. These are spaces generally open and accessible to people. Private social spaces, on the other
___________ 8. One factor to explore in income distribution is the public assistance benefits available hand, are owned and regulated regularly, such as shopping malls. These social spaces may be
to residents. used by community residents for their gatherings or simple recreation activities.
___________ 9. Community Power will be achieved only if community leaders collaborate with each  RURAL – URBAN COMMUNITIES
other. Communities may be located in either rural or urban areas. These areas have distinct
___________ 10. Effective communication is the most essential characteristic of a community leader. characteristics.
 The following are the three general characteristics of rural areas:
LESSON 4: TYPOLOGIES OF COMMUNITY a. Population density is found to be low, meaning few people populate the entire community,
 FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNITIES and they tend to live far apart from each other.
The table below details the differences between formal and informal community. An example b. The area is situated geographically distant from larger urban areas.
of a formal community is a business firm, where people are assigned positions based on their job c. Each area typically specializes in a particular form of livelihood, such as farming.
descriptions and functions. One example of an informal organization is a group of jogging  Characteristics of urban areas are as follows:
enthusiasts who meet once a week at the city park. a. There is higher population density, with more diverse subgroups (ethnic, racial cultural, age,
FORMAL INFORMAL sexual orientation)
The group is created as per official The group is formed according to the likes, b. Various industries and businesses are found in the areas.
authority, fulfill certain goals or objectives interests, and attitudes of the members c. A large portion of people lived in rented apartments or homes.
The group possesses a systematic The group has a loose structure, and the d. Transportation is readily available although this may be costly
hierarchical structure members join to satisfy their social needs e. Urban areas are highly developed with many buildings and structures
The position of the member defines his/her Every member is important as any other f. Traffic and noise levels are high in these areas
importance in the group member g. The large population gives rise to close interactions among many people as well as more
intense political involvement among citizens.

Page 7
 There are also various sectors in different communities. Community sectors are various
groups or subdivisions of the larger community divided based on characteristics such as political,
economic, cultural, and religious beliefs. The various sectors that exist in all communities may be
categorized according to the following sectors with their inclusions:
1. Health
-medical and mental health professionals; pharmacists and pharmacies; hospitals and other in-
patient facilities, clinics, non-traditional health practitioners; public health agencies and systems
2. Education
- public and private preschools, K-12 schools, colleges and universities, school committees, school
administrators, teachers, other educational institution employees; parents, students, state board of
education; adult basic education (ABE) and English as Second or Other Language (ESOL) programs
3. Law Enforcement
-the local and state police, the court system- judges, probation officers, prosecutors, court appointed
defense lawyers, court-mandated program for offenders.
4. Government
- regional, provincial, state, local, and tribal government bureaucracies, agencies, and officials, both
elected and appointed.
5. Business
- from the self-employed carpenter to the multinational corporation with a local facility.
6. Youth
- youth themselves (generally viewed as ages 18 and younger) and those who work directly with
them (youth violence prevention and outreach programs, Big Brother/Big Sister, Boys’ and Girls’
Clubs, scouting, etc.) parents, human service, culture, and sports/recreation sectors.
7. The Media
- newspapers and magazines, radio, and TV, vast array of blogs, videos, online news, and other
materials available on the internet.
8. Human Services
- non-profit professional and volunteer organizations that provide free and affordable services such
as job training, food, shelter, elder services, services for individuals with physical or mental
disabilities, support and advocacy for immigrants, among others.
9. Religion
- places of worship and their members, religious organizations (e.g. Knights of Columbus, CBCP) of
all faiths, may include the hierarchy of a national church as well (a Roman Catholic archbishop, for
instance)
10. Culture
- artists such as musicians, dancers and choreographers, writer, actors and directors, designers and
visual artists, as well as arts organizations, theaters, orchestras, museums, galleries, and those who
work as support staff in the arts- stagehands, cameramen, electricians, set builders, etc. ; regular
consumers and supporters of the arts.
 LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNITIES
A local community is characterized by close social integration and physical proximity.
Moreover, a local community is defined as a group of people sharing the same environment and
conditions intent, belief, resources, preferences, and needs and risks. These factors may affect the
identities of the individuals as well as the community’s degree of cohesiveness.
In addition, a local community may consist of business operators, public agency staff, residents
with interactions that may include sharing of resources, information, and assistance. Commercial
relationships may also be present between local businesses and consumers.
The global community, on the other hand, is a system characterized by integration and
interaction between individuals and groups away from each other in time or space or both. The word
“global” refers to the nation of the world considered closely connected by modern
telecommunication, though they are economically, socially and politically independent (Sebastian,
2009, and dictionary.com)
The domains and certain aspects of the local and global communities intertwine. Establishments,
programs, and other events that started in the local setup may eventually grow to have a global
presence, such as the Jollibee fast food chain.
Proposed plans and programs in the local community, when implemented successfully,
may reach the global community, and gain traction there as well such as outreach activities,
programs during calamities etc.
ASSESSMENT 4
A. Directions: Below are statements with jumbled words based on the previous discussion. Try
to remember each concept by looking into the jumbled words. Have fun!
1. __________________ CIASOL PASCE
- a physical or virtual space which members of the community visit or where they stay.
Page 8
 2. ___________________ CONMIMUTY CESTORS great impact to people in the community
- various groups or subdivisions of the larger community divided based on characteristics such d. Describe yourself as a leader in maintaining relationships with people
as political, economic, cultural, and religious beliefs.
3. ___________________ BANUR CONMIMUTY
- described as industrialized and commercial centers where population density is relatively
high.
4. ___________________ ABLGOL CONMIMUTY
- characterized by integration and interaction between individuals and groups away from each
other in time or space or both.
5. ____________________ RALFOM CONMIMUTY
- characterized by institutionally structured hierarchies, which define the relationship between
authoritative and subordinate actors and groups.
B. Read and analyze the statements below. Identify what is described in each sentence.
___________6. This group is composed of members who decided to join the group to satisfy their
social needs.
___________7. These are social spaces owned and regulated regularly.
___________8. This is the community where different businesses and industries are involved.
___________ 9. Community sector which includes places of worship and organizations as part of
the beliefs of the people in the community.
___________10. Community sector that includes dairy farmers, cheesemakers, winemakers, food
processors and the likes.
GENERALIZATION
ASSESSMENT 5
 Individuals having significant interaction within a specified area becomes one of the
Me as a Future Community Leader! contributory factors in forming community. The word community was derived from the Latin
Envision yourself as community leader in the future. How are you going to contribute as an word communis which means “common” or “shared”.
effective community leader to effect positive social change and improve your community power?  Communities may also be in two levels: Micro-level community, a group is formed based
Express your thoughts by making a poster. Please be guided with the rubric below and the on personal ties; macro-level, large group affiliation is formed such as national communities,
identified elements that should be present. This will serve as your performance task. international communities, and virtual communities.
 Geographical community is a community where members share the same geographical
Make a poster which would reflect the following elements:
vicinity such as a village, province or neighborhood. Non-geographical community is a
a. You as one of the community leaders that show your role/work in the community
community formed based on needs, ideas, interests, identity, practices, and roles in social
b. The power dynamics that you possess as a leader as well as your individual
institutions such as at home, all work, in government, society, or the community at large.
dimension
c. Choose at least one (1) structure you will use/improve in the future that will make a
Page 9
 Community Dynamics is understanding community life makes us value the things we have on
a daily basis, social encounter constructs reality and affects some changes within.
 Community Action is any activity that aims to increase the understanding, engagement and
empowerment of communities for the intention of giving services to people.
 There are 3-key points in grasping the definition more meaningful: Understanding,
Engagement, Empowerment
 Social Science Perspective is an umbrella term for various fields of study which examines
social relations and human society, it describes “community as a group of people in a particular
area interacting together.”
 Civil Society Perspective - Stresses the idea of forming a group, foundation or an organization
in service to society.
 Local and Grassroots Perspectives - This perspective highlights volunteerism.
 Formal Power Structure - they are individuals from whose authority is based on formal rules
appointed by the government
 Informal Power Structure - they are popular to others as influencers who can lead others with
the most influence.
 Legal authoritative decision-makers – they are individuals or bodies whose authority is based
on formal rules and institutions
 Community sectors are various groups or subdivisions of the larger community divided based
on characteristics such as political, economic, cultural, and religious beliefs.
 Social Space is defined as a physical or virtual space which members of the community visit
or where they stay. Some examples of social space include the social center, online social
media, or other gathering spaces where people gather or interact.

REFERENCES
Eva, Ma. Liezl L, Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship, 2019
Semorlan, A.A. and Semorlan, A. Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship for
Senior High School. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, 2017
https://dagsmoduleshs.blogspot.com/2021/04/community-engagement-solidarity-
and.html

Page 10