"EFFECT OF LIVING CONDITION AND LEARNING STYLE OF THE

STUDENTS WITH UNEMPLOYED PARENTS TO THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 11 STUDENTS OF BASIAO HIGH SCHOOL"

Members:

Ashly Pogoy

Luz Bulabos

Angela Labandria

Dominador Sarol

Jomar Bañadera

Jestone Cuyno

Jemboy Labandria
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Poverty significantly affects people's basic needs and their duties as citizens, as well as the

building blocks of their houses. It was a long-term dilemma, which became a neglected duty of the

citizen's principality, affecting children's welfare, especially within the area associated with Basiao

High School.

People lacked the opportunity to have job chances in the past due to their educational

attainment. Many people tried to seek permanent and comfortable jobs that could provide for their

families. Parents are the foundation of a family and getting a job helps provide children with food,

water, clothes, shelter, and most importantly, education for their future. Every child dreams of living a

pleasant and better life, and their only concern is school-related problems. Some parents today are

still unemployed and can barely provide for their children's basic needs.

The students at Basiao High School were among the subjects that were affected by the feigned

ignorance of society towards the indicated local errors in the systematic figures of insufficiency. The

looks on their faces were evident in concluding how much they craved help to reach out, eyes to

figure out their situations, and a voice to speak with them.

Therefore, as we have determined, the lives of the students at Basiao High School were

affected due to their parents' unemployment. If the unemployment of the parents was still prominent,

the future of the children at Basiao High School would have prospered and could have affected future

generations.

This study aimed to identify unemployed parents and their experiences raising their children.

The researcher's objective was to become acquainted with the lives of students at Basiao High
School if the parents of the child were unemployed. The study’s results will serve as the basis for

recommendations.

Theoretical Background

Social Reproduction Theory. Bourdieu, (1977) This theory suggests that students from low

socioeconomic backgrounds are disadvantaged in education due to their lack of cultural and social

relational capital. This is especially true for students whose parents are unemployed, as they may not

have access to the same resources and opportunities as other students.

Family Stress Theory. McCubbin and Patterson (1983) This theory suggests that

family stress, such as unemployment, can adversely affect a child’s academic performance. Students

with unemployed parents may suffer from stress at home, which can affect their ability to concentrate

and their performance in school.

Cultural Capital Theory. Bourdieu (1986) This theory suggests that cultural knowledge and

skills are important for educational and social success. Students with unemployed parents may not

have success to the same cultural resources as other students, which may limit their chances of

success.

Legal Bases

SDG 4: Education 2030 Steering Committee. When the Millennium Development

Goals (MDGs) came to a close in 2015, it was clear that there was tremendous progress toward

universal completion of primary education across the globe, but also a trend that slowed when it came

to progress among the more disadvantaged. At the same time, it became more clear that access was

not sufficient for learning and that an estimated 250 million children were without basic skills, whether

out of school or even among those who had completed up to four grades of primary education. Thus,

it is crucial to ensure that education quality in and through education represents key elements of the

vision for SDG4 and measuring progress to 2030.

 Article XIV, Section 1: Declaration of Policy It is the policy of the state to provide equal

opportunities for education to all, regardless of their economic status. The state recognizes the

importance of education in the development of the country and its citizens. To achieve this, the state

shall provide support to students who come from families with unemployed parents.

DepEd Order No.34, Series of 2022; “GUIDELINES ON THE SUPPORT AND ASSISTANCE

TO STUDENTS WITH UNEMPLOYED PARENTS”. The Department of Education (DepED)

recognizes the challenges faced by students with unemployed parents, especially during these trying

times brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. The loss of employment of parents or guardians can

greatly affect the financial stability of the family, which may lead to difficulties in providing for the basic

needs of the students, including their education.

Article I, Section 3; Right to Education. The government shall also provide financial assistance

to students with unemployed parents to cover their educational expenses, including tuition fees,

books, and other related expenses.

Literature Background

The ability of parents to invest in their children with financial resources and the availability of material

resources for the children to use for their benefit are typical explanations for how financial resources

affect education (e.g., Becker & Tomes, 1986). According to one theory, the rates of return on

investments made in the human capital of underprivileged children decline with age. Early childhood

investments yield higher returns than investments made later in life (Heckman, 2006). Reduced

parental income may potentially have a detrimental causal impact on children's cognitive

development, according to certain studies. These impacts are more significant if they occur in early

childhood and are significantly more pronounced for children growing up in more disadvantaged

families (Brooks-Gunn & Duncan, 1997; Duncan, Yeung, Brooks-Gunn, & Smith, 1998).
 According to the so-called Matthew effect, benefits and drawbacks tend to compound over

time. A favorable or unfavorable relative position can be viewed as a resource that results in

additional benefits or drawbacks (Merton, 1968). This means that unfavorable situations, like

unemployment, to which children and families are exposed may also result in unfavorable outcomes

like a long-term decrease in income and parents' employment prospects (DiPrete & Eirich, 2006;

Gangl, 2006; Oreopoulos et al., 2008).

PROS

Increased motivation: Students with unemployed parents may feel a greater sense of

responsibility to succeed in their studies and secures a stable career to support their family.

Financial aid: These students may be eligible for more financial aid and scholarship, which can

help alleviate the financial burden of attending college.

Resilience: Growing up in a household with financial instability can teach students to be

resilient and adaptable, skills that can benefit them in their academic and professional lives.

Determination: Students with unemployed parents may develop a strong sense of

determination and drive to overcome obstacles and achieve their goals, which can lead to greater

success in their academic and professional pursuits.

Resourcefulness: Students with unemployed parents may have to be more resourceful in

finding ways to pay for college, such as working part- time jobs or applying for grants and loans.

CONS

Financial instability: Students whose parents were unemployed may have struggled with

financial instability, which could have impacted their ability to pay for necessities such as food,

housing, and school supplies.

 Emotional stress: Growing up with unemployed parents could have been emotionally stressful

for students, as they may have felt a sense of responsibility to help support their family or worried

about their parents' well-being.

Limited opportunities: Students with unemployed parents may have had limited opportunities to

participate in extracurricular activities or pursue higher education due to financial constraints.

Academic performance: Financial stress and emotional turmoil could have hurt students'

academic performance, as they may have struggled to focus on their studies or missed school due to

family responsibilities. This could have resulted in lower grades and limited opportunities for future

success.

Social stigma: Students with unemployed parents may have faced social stigma or

discrimination from their peers, which could have led to feelings of isolation and low self-esteem.

Health concerns: Financial instability and emotional stress may have also led to health

concerns for students with unemployed parents, such as poor nutrition, a lack of access to healthcare,

and an increased risk of mental health issues.

Related Studies

The loss of a family's financial resources is one of the most visible effects of parental

unemployment. The adverse income impacts are not only present throughout an individual's

unemployment time. For instance, Gangl (2006) discovered that unemployment lowers a worker's

future earnings as well as present earnings in both the US and Western Europe. Lower parental

incomes restrict children's access to material resources and parents' ability to provide financial

support.

The idea that adverse intergenerational consequences are at least somewhat connected to a

family's diminished financial resources is supported by certain empirical data. Coelli (2011)
discovered that parental employment loss at high school age (16–17) decreased children's

postsecondary education enrollment using longitudinal data from Canada. He said that this outcome

was due to the parents' lost income. This result is in line with a previous US report that suggested a

link between parental income throughout high school and college attendance (Jencks & Tach, 2006).

Similarly, Kalil and Ziol-Guest (2008) discovered a link between a father's job loss and a child's grade

repeat and school suspension using data from US survey respondents.

According to research conducted by Gennetian and Miller (2002), children whose parents were

unemployed were more likely to be financially disadvantaged, which could lead to adverse effects

such as lower academic performance and increased behavioral problems.

According to Kalil and Ziol-Guest (2008), children of unemployed parents were more likely to

experience stress and anxiety, which could adversely affect their academic performance and overall

well-being.

According to McLoyd et al. (2000), children of unemployed parents were more likely to

experience a variety of negative outcomes, including lower academic performance, increased

behavioral problems, and worsening mental health.

According to Duncan and Brooks-Gunn (1997), children of unemployed parents were more

likely to experience family instability and disruption, which adversely affected academic performance

and social development. It turns out that there is a possibility. We also found that parental

unemployment may lead to parents not participating in their children’s education and activities.

According to Yeung et al. (2002), children of unemployed parents were more likely to suffer

from poverty and financial hardship, which could adversely affect their school performance and

prospects. They also found that parental unemployment can lead to a lack of social support and

resources for children.

 Morrissey and Warner (2008) found that children of unemployed parents were likely to

experience stress and anxiety, which could adversely affect academic performance and overall well-

being. They also found that parental unemployment leads to a lack of stability in children’s lives,

which can exacerbate these negative effects.

According to Heflin and Pattillo (2002), children of unemployed parents were more likely to

experience food and housing insecurity, which could adversely affect academic performance and

overall well-being. They also found that parental unemployment can make children unable to access

health care and other basic needs.

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

This study seeks to evaluate students' attitudes towards parental unemployment in relation to their

academic performance at Basiao High School. The findings of the study will serve as the basis for a

recommendation program.

Specifically, this study sought to discover the answer to the following problem: parental

unemployment.

1. What is the profile of the respondent in terms of

1.1. Age

1.2. Sex

2. What is the effect of unemployed parents on students?

3. What is the student's academic performance?

4. Is there a significant relationship between

4.1. Profile and student attitude; and

4.2. Profile and academic performance of the students with unemployed parents

5. Based on the thesis of the study, what recommendations can be made?

Statement of the Null Hypothesis

This study either accepts or rejects the following null hypothesis:

HO1: There is no significant relationship between the students.

1.1 Profile and students' attitude; and

1.2 Profile and academic performance.

Significance of the Study

The study was conducted to determine the impact of parental unemployment on the academic

performance of Grade 11 students at Basiao High School. Furthermore, whatever the outcome of the

study, it will be of great assistance to those who play a significant role in society, particularly in terms

of the impact of parental unemployment on not only the respondents but also everyone. The

researcher believes that this study will be a valuable resource and guide for the following:

They are ranked according to their importance.

Students: This study could help you live a comfortable life knowing how to change it.

Parents: They can take notice of how their unemployment affects the children’s lives and take action

to address it.

Teachers: This study is able to help the students develop their education through understanding.

Employer: The result of this research can help them understand the situations and have an overview

of seeing one’s potential.

Economy: The result of this research could help people find more decent jobs, especially for those

who are not college graduates.

Significance of the Study

The study was conducted to determine the impact of parental unemployment on the academic

performance of Grade 11 students at Basiao High School. Furthermore, whatever the outcome of the

study, it will be of great assistance to those who play a significant role in society, particularly in terms

of the impact of parental unemployment on not only the respondents but also everyone. The

researcher believes that this study will be a valuable resource and guide for the following:

They are ranked according to their importance.

Students- This study could help and can be able to live a comfortable life knowing how to change it.

Parents- They can take notice on how their unemployment affects the children’s lives and to take

action to it.

Teachers- This study is able to help the students in developing their education through

understanding.

Employer- The result of this research can help them understand the situations and have an overview

of seeing one’s potential.

Economy- The result of this research could help people to find more decent jobs especially to those

who are not college graduates.

Future Researchers- This study is advantageous to them as it could serve as a guide when they

choose to pursue a research study related to this. They can understand people who are unemployed

and refrain from judging.

 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The study utilized a quantitative method, specifically a correction study, using a descriptive survey to

measure students' attitudes towards parental unemployment. The study’s title is "Parental

Unemployment and its Effect on a Person’s Well-Being. A Study of College Students." The sampling

technique used will be purposive-universal, meaning that only Grade 11 students who are officially

enrolled in the institution in the current academic year will be considered. It was based on an in-depth

investigation of a single individual, group, or event. The researchers used the case study to gain

information from the respondents, and at the same time, the sampling method is universal because all

enrolled students will become respondents.

Research Environment

The locale of the study was Basiao High School, Basiao Pres. Carlos P. Garcia, Bohol. It was

approximately 800 meters away from the national road. The school was accessible by all means of

transportation. The generalization of the said institution was initiated by Nemesia A. Melendres, PhD,

with the help of the barangay officials and headed by Hon. Ricardo B. Galo.

The institution was composed of six (6) buildings with fifteen (15) classrooms, one (1) principal’s

office, a faculty room, a computer laboratory, a library, a science laboratory, and ten (10) comfort

rooms. There were twelve (12) teaching and two (2) non-teaching personnel and approximately three

hundred two (302) students during the school year 2022-2023.

Figure1. Map of Basiao, Pres. Carlos P. Garcia, Bohol

Respondents

The respondents of the study were Grade 11 Senior High School of Basiao High School

Students, who was enrolled in the S.Y. 2022-2023.

Table 1

Distribution of Respondents

Section Frequency Percentage

Charity 20 50%

Faith 20 50%

Total 40 100%
Instrument

The instrument used in gathering data was a questionnaire. Quantitative research was used to

collect information about the effect of Students with Unemployed Parents in academic performance.

The researchers used a face-to-face interview as one of the data collection instruments for this

study. The research was used one (1) standard questionnaire in conducting the study. A descriptive

survey questionnaire on determining students attitude towards unemployed parents in Basiao High

School adopted from “Impact of students with unemployed parents among Grade 11 Students”. It

composed 21 items. The researcher will use modified four (4) point likers scale.

90- above Outstanding

85-89 Very Satisfactory

80-84 Satisfactory

75-79 Fairly Satisfactory

75- below Did Not Met Expectation

Procedure

Phase 1: The researcher asked for the endorsement from the research teacher.

Phase 2: The researcher asked the principal of the school for permission to conduct the study.

Phase 3: The researcher asked the adviser about the purpose and distributed the permission letter to

the respondents participating in the study.

Phase 4: After receiving permission, the researcher distributed the questionnaire and the respondents

answered the given questions.

Phase 5: The researcher collected the questionnaires.

Ethical Consideration

The study was conducted with permission from the possible respondents, who were requested

to participate via a letter. The researcher also sent a permission form to the parents of every

respondent who would participate, asking them to sign the consent paper. The survey lasted only 10

to 5 minutes. If a respondent was at risk of harm, the researcher took steps to protect them. The

respondent’s privacy was respected, and they had the right to refuse to answer the questionnaire at

any time.

Statistical Treatment

The data that were gathered were tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted through statistic

technique. These data were subjected to normality tests before statistical treatment.

The percentages were obtained by dividing the frequency of responses by the total number of

respondents and multiplying by one hundred.

The weighted mean was computed to identify the average response of respondents.

To determine the correlation between the student’s academic performance based on the

summative score. Pearson R was used.

Normality Test

Before the instrument will be administered, the Effect of parental unemployment questionnaire

will be pilot tested 40 randomly selected students of Basiao High School. This is done to determine

the validity of the instrument. The validity of the questionnaire will be done using Cronbach’s Alpha.

It’s accepted, it is normal.

Operational Definitional of Terms

The following terms are defined operationally to understand well the terms in this study.
Children -They are the people who are literally affected and suffer the most due to the fact that their

parents are unemployed.

Job - A specific task, duty or responsibility that a person does to earn money.

Learning Style -The learning style speaks to the understanding that every student learns differently

and is widely used to describe how learners gather, sift through, interpret, organize, come to

conclusions about, and store information for further use.

Living Condition - The living conditions are the circumstances of a person's life, shelter, food,

clothing, safety, and access to clean water.

Poverty- The poverty is about not having enough money to meet basic needs including food, clothing

and shelter. Through unemployment many people suffer from poverty.

Unemployment - The unemployment is a situation where someone of working age is not able to get

a permanent job.

Unemployed Parents - A person who is not able to find a job. Unemployed parents lack the

resources to support the healthy development of their children. Often, children of unemployed parents

do not have access to nutritious meals, safe living conditions, or resources for learning and growth.