Cordillera Administrative Region

• Cordillera Administrative Region also known as Cordillera

Region or CAR.
• Cordillera Region consist of the provinces of;
*Abra (Tingguin) * Kalinga ( isneg)
*Apayao ( Isneg) * Mountain province (
* Benguet (Ibaloi) kankanaey )
* Ifugao ( Ifugao)
• .The Regional Center is the highly urbanized City of Baguio, also
known as “The Summer Capital of the Philippines.”
• The Region is dubbed as “The watershed cradled in North
Luzon”
 HISTORY OF CORDILLERA

• The Cordillera derived from the word “Cuerda” a

Spanish term meaning “cord” or “knotted rope.”
• The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) was
established on July 15, 1987, through executive Order
No. 220 issued by President Corazon Aquino.
 ABRA

• The provinces of Abra is divided into 27 municipality

and the Capital is the City of Bangued.
• Abra was created as a politico-military province in 1846,
prior to which it was part of the old Ilocos Province and
later the Ilocos Sur when Ilocos Sur Region was divided
into two province in 1818. With the issuance of
Executive Order No. 220 in July, 1987 by the President
Corazon C. Aquino, Abra became one of the provinces in
the Cordillera Administrative Region.
 Abra Cultures And Traditions
(LIFESTYLE)

• The Bamboo Split Weavers

The Tingguians, also called Isneg,

are engaged in various crafts. The most
important of which is bamboo crafts
production. It is for this reason that
Abra is aggressively positioning itself as
the “Bamboo Capital of the Philippine.”
 Abra Cultures And Traditions
(LIFESTYLE)
• Abra, located in northern Luzon of the
Philippines, is referred to as the
“Natural Dye Capital of the Philippines”
for its abundance of natural dye-
producing materials and practices,
handed down through generations of
the indigenous Itneg/Tingguian people.
• Dyes are created from different natural
sources like plants, tree bark, and fruits
 ABRA CULTURE AND TRADITION
(BELIEFS)

- BIRTH TRADITION
• PAAPO – the child is being offered by the community, especially by grandparents cash or
in kind. Gifts are exchanged by the parents or immediate relatives bringing the child and
grandparents.
• LIVO – the baby is placed at the door to avoid bad spirits from disturbing the baby.
The elder (either lakay or baket) carry the child, raises it on the door, and makes
prayers.
• KUBKUBAR – a welcome ritual for the baby to become a member of the family. The
elders parents and other members of the family prepare food to eat after the ritual.
 ABRA CULTURE AND TRADITION
(BELIEFS)

- COURTSHIP, WEDDING AND POST TRADITION

• DANON/KALKALIMUSTA – it means to reach. The groom and his parents are going to propose
to the bride’s house marriage to the parents of the girl. At times, the bride’s family demands
for gifts bargaining of gifts but it can be negotiated the wedding is set after the agreement.
• SAB-ONG/DOWRY – refers to the traditional custom that the family has observed in the past
marriages of the family clan. This is mostly practiced by well-to-do families wherein the family
of the groom offers money, a piece of land, and animals to the bride.
• BUDA – This is the happenings after the wedding ceremony at the church. It is relatively a
celebration with ethnic dances, songs, and other presentations rendered. The couple
together with their families, relatives, and invited guests celebrate with rituals.
 ABRA CULTURE AND TRADITION
(BELIEFS)

- DEATH CEREMONIES
• BAGUNGON - ceremony of a dead person. The tradition is, when a person
has passed away, immediately thereafter, the corpse is bathed and
clothed in the best attire and laid in a coffin.
• SANGSANGIT/UGGAYAM - it has fixed lyrics to be sang/performed by one
representative from each of the guest invited.
• PALPALUBOS/PACPACADA – most touching part of the burial. This is
bidding goodbye of the family, pleading for the forgiveness too.
 CULTURE/TRADITIONS
(FESTIVAL)

- ABRENIAN KAWAYAN FESTIVAL

• Kawayan Festival means Bamboo Festival. It is the
fiesta celebration of the provincial government of
Abra.
• It is celebrated annually on March 9th for their
founding anniversary and in appreciation of the
abundance of bamboo in the region.
• Aside from the grand streetdancing and ethnical
programs where gongs and bamboo musical
instrument are played, their program includes the
different products and crafts made from bamboo.
 CULTURAL/TRADITIONS
( FESTIVAL)

- ARYA ABRA FESTIVAL

• Abrenian Festival or the Arya Abra Festival is a week-long
celebration coinciding with the province's foundation
anniversary held annually every March 5 to 10 or at the
second week of March in the capital town of Bangued. It
showcases the province's history and culture through
parades and cultural shows as well as agro-industrial fairs.
• Arya Abra festival, which means, “Onward Abra”.
• Arya Abra Festival is a celebration of of Abra’s individuality. It
features various sectors/groups in the province together with
the indigenous people in Abra which is the Iraya Tribe. Each
day is offered to a particular group of people as a way of
honoring them for what they have done for the province of
Abra
 ABRA ACTIVITIES/ TOURIST
ATTRACTION
- SANTA CATALINA DE ALEJANDRIA CHURCH
• The Santa Catalina de Alejandria Parish Church,
commonly known as the Tayum Church
• Santa Catalina de Alejandria Church, located in
Tayum, Abra, is claimed to be the best preserved
church complex in the province and is considered a
National Cultural Treasure.
• One of the remarkable features of the church is the
use of palayok or burnay jar motifs on the church’s
façade.
ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- SAN LORENZO RUIZ SHRINE
• Originally built during the turn of the 19th century, it’s
a beautiful brick structure that is even older than the
cathedral. It is the cemetery chapel of Bangued with
twin belfries and a triangular pediment. It’s a heritage
structure with interesting brick details on its façade,
nave and especially the rounded rear portion.
• San Lorenzo Ruiz Shrine is also known as the
“Mystery of the Carpet. “
• The San Lorenzo Ruiz Shrine Bangued stands all alone
by the towns cemetery in an area known as
Camposanto.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
-PINAING SACRED STONES
• Pinaing (Sacred Stones) is located in
Dumayco, Bangued, Abra Philippines.
• The Pinaing (Sacred Stones) can be
found in the hollow of a huge Balete
Tree.
• Pinaing is said to keep the “pinpinaing.”
“Pinpinaing” symbolizes the spirits of the
town’s ancestors.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- BANI HOT SPRING
• Bani Hot Spring is located at Bani, Boliney, Abra.
• The place is ideal for swimmers who love taking a
bath in hot and cold water.
• Aside from its hot spring, the locality offers a vivid
experience in mountain travel with a winding road
cruise alongside and between mountain ranges.
• The Bani Hotspring exemplifies its natural innate
ability to entice tired by-passers to take some
soothing relaxation while feeding one’s eyes with the
lush greens of the mountain and the cool fresh mist
of the flowing river below.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- APAO ROLLING HILLS
• Apao Rolling Hills is another obscure spot that you can see
in Tineg, Abra. From the viewpoint across the high valley,
enjoy a picturesque panorama of dry grassland topped
mountains. It is most scenic during sunset when the
mountainsides come alive with a spectacular auburn glow.
• There are two sides to Apao Rolling Hills. During the rainy
season the Hills are various shades of green, which is a
vast difference from the dry season when the colours
change to brown as the grass that was once green lacks
enough moisture for existence. But fear not, the views are
just as astounding.
ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- ACTIVITY YOU CAN DO IN
APAO ROLLING HILLS
• Mountain Biking
• Hiking
• Climbing
• Watching sunset and sunrise
ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- PIWEK ROCK FORMATIONS

• This natural beauty can be found

farther down the road from Apao
Rolling Hills. The highlights here
are gleaming white limestone
rock formations that wall the
banks of the Tineg River.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- CALABA BRIDGE
• The Calaba Bridge in the Philippines is
currently the longest Modular Bridge ever
constructed by Waagner-Biro. It measures
900m and spans the River Abra. For the
people of the area, the Calaba Bridge
represents a great relief, because, in the
past, they were restricted to using a ferry to
cross the river which interrupted its service
during high waters for safety reasons.
 ABRA FOOD & DELICACIES
ABRA MALIK WAREK-WAREK IMBALIKTAD
 FOOD & DELICACIES
LECHON DE ABRA. SINANGLAO. ABUOS
 FOOD & DELICACIES
SINUMAN. PATUPAT. CASCARON
 APAYAO
• The province of Apayao – Cordillera Administrative
Region.
• The Word Apayao means fast-flowing river.
• Apayao is a 3rd Class province, has 7 Municipalities and 133
Barangays.
• Kabugao is the capital municipality of Apayao
• Apayao was once a sub-province of the old Mountain Province
created in 1908. It was merged with Kalinga in 1966 creating the
province of Kalinga-Apayao. However, by virtue of Republic Act
7878 signed into law by President Fidel Ramos, Apayao became
a separate province on the 14th day of February in 1995.
• The people of Apayao were called various names like Isnags,
Iyapayao, los Mandayas, los Apayaos, and Wild Tingguians
 APAYAO CULTURE AND TRADITIONS
(BELIEFS)
- LAPAT SYSTEM
• The ‘Lapat’ which means “prohibited” or “off-limits” is a customary belief of the
Isnegs where they set aside a specific area as sacred. This public declaration
usually happens after the death of its owner or occupant, making the area off-
limits to the public, including immediate family members who declare the area
‘Lapat’. Once declared as ‘Lapat’, nobody can enter the designated area or
property—be it a portion of a house, a river, a mountain or a forest where the
deceased frequently stays when he/she is still alive.
• The Lapat system is “a show of love and respect to a departed Isneg family
member.”,
 APAYAO CULTURE AND TRADITIONS

• -UKAS- The Isneg’s tradition of punishing trespassers by inviting them to

a dialogue with the elders and making them pay for the damages. They
will be fined by butchering any four-legged animal or give monetary fees
which suffices the demands of the bereaved family,”
• UKAS-SAY-AM – a cultural tradition where they perform a traditional
dance ritual to the beat of gongs, butcher any four-legged animal and
invite all people to eat, drink and celebrate with them. Ukas-Sam-am is
usually celebrated on the first death anniversary of a love one.
 APAYAO CULTURE AND TRADITIONS
- SAY-AM FESTIVAL
• On July 15, 1987, the Cordillera Administrative Region was
established and Kalinga-Apayao was split into two independent
provinces with the passage of Republic Act No. 7878. As a
celebration to the splitting of the two provinces they were doing
the “Say-am” .
• Say-am festival of Apayao which is celebrated every February
14.
• The SAY-AM is the most important of all religious ceremonies of
Isnags. It is attended by a large crowd coming from distant
villages and neighboring areas. During the feast, there is much
dancing(Taddo’/Talip), singing(Disodis/Uggayam), eating, and
drinking of wine. The SAY-AM – is a feast featuring and ushering
the traditional way of Isnag’s thanksgiving to the Higher
Supreme unseen being called “Alawagan”.
 APAYAO ACTIVITIES/TOURIST
ATTRACTION
- SPANISH CHURCH RUINS
• Located at Barangay Mataguisa in Pudtol
is considered to be one of the oldest in
the Philippines.
• Spanish Church ruins also known as
Pudtol Church.
• A stone church was built in 1684. It was built
like a fortress to protect the colonizers; and later
abandoned in 1815 due to fierce attacks by
Isnegs (also known as Isnag or Apayao), the
indigenous people of the province.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- MANACUTA CAVE AND UNDERGROUND
RIVER
• Manacuta cave is the apayao prides.
• The Manacota Cave and Underground River in
Marag, Luna, Apayao has amassed a horde of
admirers as it boasts a scenic path to the entrance,
crystal clear water, an underground river, and a
beautiful cave.
• This cave hides numerous chambers of crystalline
and untouched stalactites and stalagmites. This
wonder is not yet fully explored.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- LUSSOK UNDERGROUND RIVER
• The Lussok Cave is located in Luna, Apayao
Philippines.
• Lussok means a hole in the Ilocano
language.
• The Lussok Crystal Cave and Underground
River is one of the best features of the town,
nature’s beauty at its best. The picture of
the cave and the green placid river looks
inviting in real life as it is in stills.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
AGAMATA NATIONAL PARK
Agamata National Park And Wildlife Sanctuary in
Calanasan, Apayao.
It is a delaminated forestland straddling along the
Ilocos Norte – Apayao boundary. This is a natural site
with no tourist facilities but numerous potential
activities like hiking, camping, nature tripping, and
birdwatching.
• Unfortunately it’s not accessible yet for leisure but
you can explore and feast your eyes with rare wild
birds that you won’t see in Manila Zoo and plants
that they claimed no longer exist in the lowlands.
ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- ALLABANG CAVE
• Allabang Cave is located in Luna,
Apayao Philippines. It’s a great
place for spelunkers, as the
Allabang Cave is filled with huge
quantities of guano.
• Allabang Cave in luna is full of
bats.
 APAYAO FOOD DELICACIES

PINIKPIKAN SINUNGGUB SINURSUR

 APAYAO FOOD DELICACIES
BINUNGOR SAGKET ABRAW
 BENGUET
• Its capital is La Trinidad.
• The highland province is known as the Salad Bowl of the Philippines due to its huge production
of upland vegetables.
• BRIEF SUMMARY OF HISTORY OF BENGUET
• In 1908, Benguet became one the provinces absorbed by the newly-created Mountain Province.
• On June 18, 1966, the old Mountain Province was divided into four provinces, one of which was
Benguet.
• As a result of a peace accord between the government and local revolutionaries, on July 15, 1987,
the Cordillera Administrative Region was created. The province, subsequently, became a part of it.
• Benguet is the homeland of three tribes, collectively referred to as Igorots. The Ibaloi in the southeast,
the Kankanai in the northwest and the Kalanguaya in the east.
• All three tribes live in single-room houses raised on posts and topped by a pyramidal-thatched roof. They
share common beliefs and observe common rituals. Their main source of income is through wood-
carving, basket-making, and weaving.
• The Ibalois speak Nabaloy, a dialect similar to Pangasinense. Kankanais speak Kalkali, which is related to
the Bontoc dialect.
BENGUET CULTURE AND TRADITION
• MUMMIFICATION – Famous for their ancient tradition of mummification, the Benguet
people believe in supreme beings and spirits that guide their way of living as well as their
future.
• CAÑAO TRADITION – popular native feast amongst the Ibalois is the Cañao Tradition. It is a
thanksgiving ritual that refers to several native feasts of the Ibaloi and Benguet people.
There are different types of cañao ceremonies, most of which involve massive preparations
and revelry. Among the most extravagant observances is the Pechit or Pesshet that entails
feeding the whole neighborhood. It involves sacrificing animals as well as an offering of rice
wine occasion. A ritual is performed to appease the spirits, seek approval, or simply to give
thanks or appreciation. Tapu is an important offering since rice was a special commodity in
the past and was only served during special occasions.
 CULTURE AND TRADITION
- THE BENGUET BELIEF SYSTEM
The Benguet folks believe in the existence of unseen beings that emanate from the skyworld
and underworld and that these unseen beings are thought to have power over man.
Although unseen, it is believed that these spirits cannot only be fatal to man but can also be
manipulated by man to his advantage. With this, the people strive to befriend and win the
favor of the spirits.
• The ethnic group also believe that man has spirit and that when he dies, said spirit will join
the spirits of his ancestors in the skyworld. However, spirits of wicked men will join the
numerous spirits in the underworld, while spirits of good men will join the spirits of the
skyworld and have more freedom.
 CULTURE AND TRADITION
- SABUSAB RITUAL
• The Ibalois believe that when a members of a family always quarel verbally or even to
the extent of hurting one another, then the sabusab must be performed to curved any
cursed which maybe causing the sickness or misfortune to the members of the family or
house hold.
• A pig or a dog is the sacrificial animal required. When the food is ready, the quarelling
parties which is separated by pieces of wood are each served a plate of rice and plate of
meat. The mambunong prays over the food and after the prayer, the quarelling parties
exchange plates. When the parties partake of the food offered, then there will be piece
between the two, and whatever curses uttered before will now be erased.
 CULTURE AND TRADITION
- STRAWBERRY FESTIVAL
• Former Mayor Hilarion Pawid established the first-ever
Strawberry Festival in 1981. Pawid recognized the
potential of strawberry farming and staged the first
Strawbery festival to encourage farmers to plant the
fruit. It proved successful as Benguet is also now
known as the “Strawberry Capital of the Philippines”.
• Festival honouring their best produce is held in March
every year: also known as Panaspulan Strawberry
Festival.
 CULTURE AND TRADITION
-ADIVAY FESTIVAL
Adivay is an agri-tourism festival focused on rediscovering the
rich history, culture, arts, trades and industries of Benguet.
• It was conceptualized to gather the 13 municipalities of
Benguet to share their cultural beliefs and practices and
focus on the products of every town.
• Adivay is an Ibaloi term which means “coming together.”
• The celebration starts on November 23.
 BENGUET ACTIVITIES/TOURIST
ATTRACTION
- APO NANNO CAVE
• It is a potential natural attraction found
in Natubleng. It is a burial cave where
the mummified body of the great Apo
Anno, a legendary hunter was laid. After
a long search for the mummy stolen
from his ancient burial cave sometime in
the 1920s. Apo Anno has come home to
his final resting place in Nabalicong,
Natubleng.
ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- OPDAS CAVE
• Opdas Cave – mass burial cave of
skulls and bones 500-1000 years old.
• The Opdas Cave is considered as one
of the biggest burial caves in Kabayan.
It contains hundred of skulls piled on
the sides, and thousands of bones
and several coffins placed on the
cave’s floor.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
-MT. PULAG NATIONAL PARK
Mount Pulag (or sometimes Mount Pulog) is the third highest
mountain in the Philippines. It is Luzon’s highest peak at 2,922
meters above sea level. As the highest mountain in Luzon, Mount
Pulag attracts a lot of mountain climbers. Highlights of the climb
include the montane forests and the grassland summit with its
“sea of clouds” phenomenon. There are four major trails up the
summit: the Ambangeg, Akiki, and Tawangan trails from Benguet
and the Ambaguio trail from Nueva Vizcaya. These trails are
managed by the Mount Pulag National Park, under the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
• Depending on the trail, a climb may take 1–4 days, with the
easiest being the Ambangeg trail. The difficulty level of the
climb ranges from 3 to 7 out of 9 in the local classification
system. No special equipment is required for the climb.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- COLORADO FALLS
• One of the spots near Baguio City that
tourists usually bypass is the Colorado
Falls of Twin Peaks, Tuba, Benguet.
• Colorado Falls has been a favorite
spot for locals for its cold water that
cascades into a deep natural pool,
providing a refreshing relief specially
on hot summer days.
ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- STRAWBERRY FARM
• The La Trinidad Strawberry Farm is a
farm in the town of La Trinidad,
Benguet, Philippines primarily used
for the cultivation of strawberries. The
farm is also open to tourism.
• This is a big strawberry farm where
you can get and pick a fresh
strawberries
BENGUET FOOD AND DELICACIES
KINI-ING TAPUEY PINUNEG
 IFUGAO
• Ifugao is located at the foot of the Cordillera Mountain Ranges. Its
capital is Lagawe
BRIEF HISTORY
Ifugao was formerly a part of the old Mountain Province. It was created
as an independent province on June 18,1966 by virtue of Republic Act
No. 4695, otherwise known as the Division Law of Mountain Province.
Under this law, Mountain Province was divided into four (4) provinces
namely: Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga-Apayao and Mountain Province.
• The name is derived from the word IPUGO. Pugo means hill while
the prefix I means from. The Spaniards changed “Ipugo” to “Ipugaw”
and was finally changed by the Americans to Ifugao
IFUGAO CULTURE AND TRADITION
• The Ifugao (Ifugaw, Ipugao, Ypugao, Hilipan, Quiangan) are world-famous for their
spectacular rice terraces, especially in Mayaoyao and Banaue where entire
mountainsides are sculpted like giant steps. Agriculture is the main source of
subsistence with its wet rice cultivation in the famous rice terraces, as well as dry
cultivation of other crops like sweet potato. The Ifugao has a complex indigenous
religion marked by that includes hundreds of deities and elaborate rituals that are
celebrated within personal and social events. One such celebration is the elevation of a
couple to the rank of "KADANGYAN” which includes the carving of a special bench that
signifies prestige—the HAGABI.
 IFUGAO CULTURE AND TRADITIONS
- Spirits and Death
• Ifugao burial rituals are centered around appeasing many different deities.
In a ceremony prior to burial, participants pour rice wine on the ground in a
symbolic offering to the spirits. In an effort to protect the spirit of the
deceased in the afterlife, the body is wrapped in torn blankets or clothes to
give the appearance of tattered garments and ward off jealous ghosts
looking to steal the clothing of the deceased. The family of the deceased
might also hang the skull of a sacrificial pig outside their home to ward off
evil spirits.
 CULTURE AND TRADITION
- The Wake
• Burial is postponed for at least three days after death to allow mourning
and celebration in honor of the deceased. During these extended wakes,
the body is seated in a chair outside the family’s house. A cadre of
women keep a vigil in front of the deceased, crying and shaking the body
to ensure he is truly dead. The Ifugao believe that the soul and all signs of
life may periodically leave the body only to return within a day or two;
after three days, they accept that the soul has departed for good.
 CULTURE AND TRADITION
Celebration
• Called a “canao,” the burial festival can last for several days and
involves elaborate ceremonial feasting throughout the village.
Pigs and chickens are sacrificed and roasted in honor of Ifugao
ancestors, and energetic ritualized dancing takes place. All
feasting and celebration happens with the body of the deceased
at the center of the action. When the celebrations are over, the
body is born on a litter by family members to be buried nearby.
 CULTURE AND TRADITION
- IMBAYA FESTIVAL
(FESTIVAL)
• Imbayah is a cultural Festival that celebrates the well-
established conventions of the Ifugao Indigenous tribes of
Banaue, Philippines.
• Ambaya Festival is celebrated every April 25- 29
• A parade of Ifugao people in full customary attire happens
toward the beginning of the multi-day occasion. A local pig
will be carried on a shaft and physically slaughtered inside the
general population square. Another imperative custom is the
forfeit of a chicken which is killed, feathers evacuated then cut
open and examined – the condition of innards or bile
reflecting either great or awful omens.
• The particular remains will be put over a custom box
containing otherworldly things. Rice Wine or ‘Bayah’ is aged
particularly for the occasion in ceramic pots and jolts and will
be shared among the network including guests who are urged
to partake. The celebration likewise includes different
occasions, for example, the dashing of interesting wooden
scooters, a network fun run, a marathon, rice processing
contests, weaving, and customary amusements played by the
Ifugao.
 CULTURE AND TRADITION

- GOTAD AD FESTIVAL
• Gotad” is an Ifugao term
for celebration, or large
gathering for
thanksgiving.
• In general, the
celebration is for
“people, culture and
progress.”
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- TAM AW CULTURAL VILLAGE
• Tam-awan Village is one of Baguio City’s nice
attractions, created by the Chanum Foundation in
1998. The Village which is an artist’s haven is located
on the outskirts of the city.
• Tam-awan in the local idiom means “vantage point,” an
appropriate name for a collection of Cordillera Huts
that sit on a hillside that affords visitors a magnificent
view of the South China Sea on a clear day
• Tam-awan Village is also a good place for art exhibits,
workshops, and other creative endeavors that
showcase the rich cultural heritage of the Cordillera
people.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- PHILIPPINES WAR MEMORIAL SHRINE
• In Ifugao province can be found the Philippine War
Memorial Shrine, a tribute to the Filipinos and Americans
who have given up their lives during the Second World
War. It strives to be a remembrance of the heroism
displayed by allies amidst seemingly insurmountable
odds. The shrine has been painstakingly protected and
maintained by the people of the province so that the
spirit of camaraderie, courage and tenacity may live on
with each and every visitor to the site.
• The Philippine War Memorial Shrine is located at Linda,
Kiangan. It is a concrete pyramid type structure that
resembles an oversized Ifugao native house. It is a
gigantic memorial shrine built to commemorates the end
of World War II.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
-MT. AMUYAO
• Mt Amuyao soars to more than 2, 702 MASL, making it the
fourth-highest in Luzon. Some sources, however, suggest
that Mt Amuyao stands at 2, 862 MASL. If verified, this will
make it to the top ten highest mountains in the Philippines.
• It’s location is situated between the boundaries of Barlig
Mt. Province and Banaue Ifugao Province. The Mountain is
an early hunting ground of the ancestors of Barlig and has
claimed their ancestral rights over this forest. This is
officially under the jurisdiction of the Mountain Province
area.
• This mountain is covered by thick forest, mingled by flora
and fauna. Perhaps now, these faunas could not be
described as many and variety but for sure there are some
wild animals hiding in the very darkest part of the jungle.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- BINTAKAN CAVE
• It is located at the rocky slope of
Ibulao, which is about 2 kilometers
from the provincial capitol. The
mouth of the cave is overlooking the
Ibulao River. It is a three-room cave
with dripping water that forms
stalactites and stalagmites of
different beautiful shapes
ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- IFUGAO MUSEUM
• This museum displays Ifugao
artifacts and is under the
supervision of the National
Museum of the Philippines
• Ifugao Museum can be found in
the town of Kiangan, Ifugao.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- BANAUE RICE TERRACES
• The Banaue Rice Terraces, locally known as
the Hagdan-Hagdang Palayan, are undoubtedly a
source of pride not just for the Ifugaos but also for
Filipinos across the world. These have taken the
center stage in tourism ads and are always a
regular backdrop of many souvenir photos.
• Banaue Rice Terraces also known as Hagdan-
Hagdang Palayan, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
in Ifugao. It features thousands of staircase-like rice
paddies that were said to be built thousand years
ago.
IFUGAO FOOD AND DELICACIES
DIKIT VAH-VAH AND GAJIW.
• Kalinga is a landlocked province located in the
highlands of Cordillera, bounded on the east by
Cagayan Valley, on the west by the province of
Abra, on the south by Mt. Province, and on the
KALINGA
north by Apayao Province.
• Kalinga and Apayao used to be a single province
named Kalinga-Apayao until they were split into
two to better service the needs of individual
native tribes in the provinces.
• The name Kalinga is derived from the Ibang and
Gaddang Kalinga, which means headhunters. In
the past, headhunting was considered noble and
it symbolized bravery. Tattoos, a status symbol
that men respect and which women admire are
given to warriors as a reward. Thus a mingol or
warrior enjoys a high status in Kalinga society.
 KALINGA CULTURE AND TRADITION
• BODONG SYSYTEM – Bodong refers to the peace pactor treaty, used by the
Kalinga people in Kalinga Province, northern Philippines. It is a unique judicial
system wherein the peace pact holder appointed by the pangat (tribal leaders)
of a certain tribe holds a peace agreement with another tribe. In this system,
two tribes agree to ally with each other.
• BATOK – In the Philippines, there is a tradition that has been practised by
women for many years. This is popularly referred to as “batok” meaning the art
of tattooing your body with tribal designs using bamboo stick and thorn.
• APO WHANG –OD Meet the legendary mambabatok from Kalinga, Apo Whang-
Od. For more than seventy years, Apo Whang-Od has been tattooing women
and headhunters in the region of Kalinga. This elderly woman was born in 1918
and is considered to be the last mambabatok still living.Among Kalinga tribes,
batok or tattoos signify prestige, honor, beauty and fortitude
 CULTURE AND TRADITION
- MATAGOAN FESTIVAL
• Matagoan Festival is a yearly occasion
held every June 24th to 26th in Tabuk City,
the capital of Kalinga territory. A social
celebration exhibiting the distinctive
societies, customs and in addition the
local and current results of the different
indigenous networks of Tabuk City. It is
additionally a celebration of Indigenous
melodies, moves and rhythms
 CULTURE AND TRADITION
- ULLALIM FESTIVAL
The Ullalim is a cultural festival. It is
the highlight of the founding
anniversary of the province.
• The festival showcases the life of
the Kalingas through sports,
crafts, and indigenous food.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- PALAN – AH FALL
• The Palan-ah Falls and Hotsprings at Tulgao West,
Tinglayan is one of the many amazing natural
attractions that can be found in this province.
• Hotspring and Waterfall in a Single Location: Visiting
a location that features two attractive features is a
rare opportunity. A trip to the Palan-ah Falls and
Hotsprings will allow visitors two enjoy the majestic
beauty of a waterfall and the relaxing waters of a hot
spring in a single place.
• The water cascades from a height of more than three
hundred feet and forms into a wide pool
ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- MT. MATING-OY DINAYAO
• Sleeping Beauty Mountain (also known
as Mount Patukan, Mount Mating-oy
Dinayao, Mount Mantingoy) is a
mountain ridge in Kalinga province of
the Philippines. The mountain is called
as such because the silhouette of the
northern ridge resembles a sleeping
woman.
 KALINGA FOOD AND DELICACIES
CHILOKCHOK. BINUNGOR INANCHILA
 MOUNTAIN PROVINCE
• The Mountain Province is a landlocked area in the Central Cordilleras in northern Luzon.
• A BRIEF HISTORY
• On June 18,1966, Republic Act No. 4695 divided the old Mountain Province into four provinces: Benguet, Ifugao,
Kalinga-Apayao, and the Mountain Province. The area that retained the old province’s name was the former sub-
province of Bontoc. The Spaniards called the territory “La Montanosa” because it had more mountains than any
other province. The rugged mountain peaks served as protection against Spanish efforts to colonize and convert
the tribes to Christianity. They preserve the tribes’ culture and unique way of life to this day.
• During the Filipino-American War, General Emilio Aguinaldo and his revolutionary force crossed the Cordillera
through the Mountain Province in December 1899. They proceeded to Sagada and Bontoc to elude the American
troops. They went on to Ifugao and Isabela, where they were eventually captured. The Americans established a
civil government in the province. In 1901, Catholic and Protestant missionaries began evangelization work in the
high lands. In 1908, the old Mountain Province was created under Act No. 1876 of the Philippine Legislature.
• The people are mainly Bontoc Igorots, with llocano migrants from neighboring provinces.
 MT. PROVINCE CULTURE AND
TRADITIONS
• The Bontoc people have their own indigenous religion that has been preserved for centuries. They
believe in a unique pantheon of deities, of which the supreme god is the cultural hero, Lumawig,
son of Kabunian. There are many sacred sites associated with Lumawig and a variety of Bontoc
deities. Oral tradition tells that Lumawig instilled five great lessons to the Bontoc people, namely:
• (1) a man must not steal;
• (2) one should not gossip;
• (3) men and women must not commit adultery;
• (4) one must be temperate in eating and in drinking alcoholic drinks; and
• (5) all people must live simple and industrious lives.[
 CULTURE AND TRADITION
- LANG-AY FESTIVAL
• Lang-ay Festival is the foremost
festival of Mountain Province,
celebrated annually in Bontoc, the
capital town. It draws not only
thousands of local and foreign tourists
but also expats who trace their roots
here. It has become the largest come-
on of the said province, showcasing
the best of their cultural heritage.
 MT. PROVINCE ACTIVITIES/TOURIST
ATTRACTION
-HANGING COFFINS IN SAGADA
• In the Philippines, the Igorot people practice an
ancient burial ritual where the elderly carve their own
coffins and the dead are hung off the side of a cliff
• The remote village of Sagada is nestled in the
Cordillera Central mountains of northern Luzon, the
Philippines’ largest and most populated island.
• In a ritual believed to date back 2,000 years, the
Igorot people bury their dead in hand-carved coffins
that are tied or nailed to the side of a cliff and
suspended high above the ground below. This gravity-
defying graveyard is believed to bring the departed
closer to their ancestral spirits.
ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- KILTEPAN VIEW
• Kiltepan View (also known as
Kiltepan Peak or Kiltepan View
Deck) is located at the eastern
side of Sagada. It’s place is
populated with pine trees and its
peak is a perfect spot in viewing
sunrise in the morning.
 ACTIVITIES/TOURIST ATTRACTION
- SUMAGUING CAVE
• There are over 60 caves discovered underneath the
town of Sagada. Of all of these underworlds,
Sumaguing Cave has the biggest chamber, earning its
nickname “The Big Cave.” Inside are countless rock
formations slowly shaped by nature over thousands of
years. These rock formations mimicking familiar shapes
are the highlight of this spelunking adventure. Some of
these formations include the bear, elephants, turtle
head, and chocolate cake. It is perhaps these shapes
(and the overall experience) that tourists keep coming
back to Sagada for. Sumaguing Cave is probably the
most popular of all tourist attractions in town.
 FOOD DELICACIES

TAPEY. ETAG PATUPAT

ACTIVITY

1.Research the different cultural attire

of each province in the Cordillera and
its meaning/essence/historical
background.
2.Present your research in class through a
fashion show.
 Criteria for Judging

Overall performance 40%

(Historical background is thoroughly discussed)
Costumes and props 30%
(Proper way of wearing)
Creativity and choreography 30%
TOTAL 100%